411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
Persian
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
persian
English
,+ people
fa
Persian
Etymology 1
From en enm Persien, from en frm persien, from en it persiano, from en la-med Persiānus, from la Persia (itself from la Persēs/Persa Persian man [from en grc Πέρσης, itself from en peo 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 Persian Pārsa] la 1 -ia<pos:suffix forming country names>) la 1 -iānus. Equivalent to en Persia<alt:Pers(ia)> -ian.
Compare Early fa-cls پارس pārs or modern fa-ira فارس fârs, where the shift p > f.
Pronunciation
en /ˈpɜː.ʒən/ RP
en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Persian.wav Southern England
en /ˈpɝʒən/ US
en ɜː(ɹ)ʒən 2
en /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/<a:dated>
Adjective
Of, from, or pertaining to Persia.
en 2008-05-30 The New York Times Pop and Rock Listings w:The New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/30/arts/music/30pop.html MOHAMMAD REZA SHAJARIAN (Thursday) Renowned in his native Iran, the vocalist Mohammad Reza Shajarian has been performing since the 1960s, and is now widely considered one of the finest classical Persian singers in the world. Mr. Shajarian’s son, Homayoun Shajarian, will provide additional vocals and tombak (goblet drum), while Ensemble Ava, a four-piece, will contribute additional instrumentation on the ancient Persian instruments barbat (short-necked lute), tar (long-necked lute), kamancheh (spike fiddle) and daf (frame drum). https://web.archive.org/web/20220409091442/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/30/arts/music/30pop.html
Of or pertaining to the Persian people.
Of or pertaining to the Persian language.
en Farsi Parsi
Derived terms
en Colourpoint Persian Himalayan Persian Persian arch Persianate en Persian berry (Rhamnus saxatilis species et al.) Persian blue Persian cat Persian column Persian cumin (Carum carvi species) en Persian darnel (Lolium persicum species) Persian drill Persian Gulf Persian Gulf oxide Persian gum Persian fire Persian flaw Persian insect powder Persian iris Persianism Persianist Persianization Persianize Persian lamb Persian lilac (Syringa × persica nothospecies or Melia azedarach species) Persian lime Persian lynx Persian melon Persianness Persian onager (Equus hemionus onager subspecies) Persian orange Persian pickle Persian powder Persian red Persian relapsing fever Persian rug Persian rummy Persian violet Persian walnut Persian Wars Persian waxing Persian wheat Persian wheel Persian wild ass (Equus hemionus onager subspecies) Persian zebra (Equus hemionus onager subspecies) Persification Persify
Translations
of, from, or pertaining to Persia
Afrikaans: af Persies
Albanian: sq persian, sq pers
Arabic: ar فَارِسِيّ
Armenian: hy պարսկական
Asturian: ast persa
Azerbaijani: az fars
Bashkir: ba фарсы
Belarusian: be персі́дскі, be пэрсы́дзкі
Bengali: bn পারসীক, bn ফার্সি
Bulgarian: bg перси́йски
Burmese: my ပါရှား
Carpathian Rusyn: rue пе́рьскый
Catalan: ca persa m f, ca persà m, ca persana f
Chechen: ce гӀажарийн
Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 波斯 Bōsī de 波斯的
Chuvash: cv перс
Czech: cs perský
Danish: da persisk
Dutch: nl Perzisch
Esperanto: eo persa
Estonian: et pärsia
Faroese: fo persiskur
Finnish: fi persialainen
French: fr persan, fr perse
Middle French: frm persien
Georgian: ka სპარსული
German: de persisch
Greek: el περσικός m
Ancient Greek: grc Περσικός
Hawaiian: haw Pelekia
Hebrew: he פַּרְסִי parsi
Hindi: hi फ़ारसी
Hungarian: hu perzsa
Italian: it persiano, it persico today almost only in geographical terms as Golfo Persico
Japanese: ja ペルシア Perushia no ペルシアの
Kazakh: kk парсы
Khmer: km ពែរ្ស
Korean: ko 페르시아 ^페르시아-의
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: kmr farisî
Kyrgyz: ky фарс
Lao: lo ເປີເຊຍ
Latin: la persicus
Latvian: lv persiešu
Lithuanian: lt persų, lt persiškas
Macedonian: mk персиски
Malay: ms Parsi
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: mn перс
Norwegian:
Bokmål: nb persisk
Occitan: oc persan
Odia: or ପାରସୀ, or ପାରଶୀ
Old English: ang Persisċ
Ossetian: os
Pashto: ps پاړسي pāṛsi, ps فارسي fārsi, ps پارسي pārsi
Persian: fa فارْسی fârsi, fa پارْسی pârsi
Polish: pl perski
Portuguese: pt persa, pt pérsico, pt pérseo m
Romanian: ro persan
Russian: ru перси́дский
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: sh пѐрзӣјскӣ, sh пѐрсӣјскӣ
Latin: sh pèrzījskī, sh pèrsījskī
Slovak: sk perzský
Slovene: sl perzijski
Tajik: tg форсӣ, tg порсӣ
Tamil: ta பாரசீக
Tatar: tt фарсы
Thai: th เปอร์เซีย
Turkish: tr Fars, tr Pers
Turkmen: tk farsi, tk fars
Ukrainian: uk пе́рський, uk перси́дський
Urdu: ur فارْسی
Uyghur: ug پارس
Uzbek: uz forsiy, uz fors
Vietnamese: vi Ba Tư
of or pertaining to the Persian people
Afrikaans: af Persies
Armenian: hy պարսկական
Asturian: ast persa
Catalan: ca persa m f, ca persà m, ca persana f
Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 波斯人 Bōsīrén de 波斯人的
Danish: da persisk
Dutch: nl Perzisch
Finnish: fi persialainen
German: de persisch
Greek: el περσικός m
Hawaiian: haw Pelekia
Hungarian: hu perzsa
Italian: it persiano
Japanese: ja ペルシア人 Perushiajin no ペルシア人の
Korean: ko 페르시아인 페르시아인-의, ko 페르시아 사람 페르시아 사람-의
Latin: la persicus m
Polish: pl perski
Portuguese: pt persa, pt pérsico
Russian: ru перси́дский
Tamil: ta பாரசீக
of or pertaining to the Persian language
Afrikaans: af Persies
Armenian: hy պարսկերենի
Asturian: ast persa
Catalan: ca persa m f
Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 波斯語 Bōsīyǔ de 波斯語的
Danish: da persisk
Dutch: nl Perzisch
Finnish: fi persialainen, fi persiankielinen
Georgian: ka სპარსული
German: de persisch
Greek: el περσικός m
Hawaiian: haw Pelekia
Hungarian: hu perzsa, hu újperzsa, hu fárszi
Italian: it persiano
Japanese: ja ペルシア語 ペルシアごの, Perushiago no ペルシア語の
Korean: ko 페르시아어-의
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ckb فارسی
Northern Kurdish: kmr farisî
Persian: fa فارْسی fârsi, fa پارْسی pârsi
Polish: pl perski m
Portuguese: pt persa, pt pérsico
Russian: ru перси́дский
Tamil: ta பாரசீக
Urdu: ur فارْسی f, ur پارْسی f
Azerbaijani: az fars
Esperanto: eo persa
French: fr persan
Norwegian: no persisk
Slovak: sk perzský
Spanish: es persa
Swedish: sv persisk, sv persiska
Tatar: tt фарси
Turkish: tr Farslı
Noun
en historical A native or inhabitant of the historical polity of Persia (for example, any of the various Persian Empire (disambiguation) Persian empires).
en 1892 Benjamin Chapman Burt A History of Modern Philosophy 111 The Persians (including the Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes, Syrians, Phœnicians, Jews, and Egyptians), in contrast to the foregoing, possess a germ of historical development,
en 2015 Elizabeth Carne King and Court in Ancient Macedonia xv Macedonians and Persians had a long history of contact: Macedonia had once been part of the Persian Empire – Alexander I fought on the Persian side in the Persian War – and there were personal and diplomatic contacts of many sorts
en dated en Iranian
A member of the ethnic group indigenous to Persis and the Iranian plateau that forms the majority of the population of modern-day Iran.
en 2016 J. Kechichian Iran, Iraq and the Arab Gulf States 38 Recruits [to the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps] tended to be ethnic Persians or Azeris between the ages of 17 and 28 and generally hailed from poorer or religious families.
en Persian cat.
en en Canadian chiefly northwest Ontario A pastry local to the Thunder Bay region in Canada often compared to either a cinnamon bun or a donut topped with pink icing.
A sheep of the Blackhead Persian breed.
A thin silk fabric, formerly used for linings.
en 1696 J. F. Merchant? The merchant's ware-house laid open There is of those Persians several lengths.
en architecture Any of a set of male figures used instead of columns to support an entablature.
Derived terms
en Law of the Medes and Persians
Translations
person from Persis
Arabic: ar فَارِسِيّ m, ar فَارِسِيَّة f
Aramaic:
Syriac: syc ܦܪܣܝܐ, syc ܥܓܡܝܐ, syc ܦܖܣܝܐ archaic
Armenian: hy պարսիկ
Old Armenian: xcl պարսք p, xcl պարսիկ
Asturian: ast persa
Azerbaijani: az fars
Basque: eu persiar
Belarusian: be перс m, be персія́нка f
Bulgarian: bg перси́ец m, bg перси́йка f
Catalan: ca persa m f, ca persà m, ca persana f
Chechen: ce гӏажари, ce гӏажаро
Cherokee: chr ᎠᏋᏏ
Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 波斯人
Czech: cs Peršan m, cs Peršanka f
Danish: da perser c
Dutch: nl Pers m, nl Perzische f
Esperanto: eo perso, eo persiano, eo persianino female
Estonian: et pärslane
Faroese: fo persi m
Finnish: fi persialainen
French: fr Perse m f, fr Persan m, fr Persane f
Georgian: ka სპარსელი, ka სპარსი
German: de Perser m, de Perserin f
Greek: el Πέρσης m, el Περσίδα f
Ancient Greek: grc Πέρσης m, grc Περσίς f
Gujarati: gu ફારસી
Hebrew: he פָּרְסִי m parsi
Hindi: hi पारसी m
Hungarian: hu perzsa
Ido: io Persiana
Italian: it persiano m, it persiana f
Japanese: ja ペルシア人 ペルシアじん, Perushiajin
Kalmyk: xal хазлвш
Written Oirat: xwo ᡍᠠᠴᠠᠯᡋᠠᠱ
Kazakh: kk парсы
Korean: ko 페르시아인, ko 페르시아 사람
Kumyk: kum фарс fars
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ckb فارس
Northern Kurdish: kmr
Kyrgyz: ky перс, ky фарсы
Latin: la Persa Persian m, la Persēs Persian m, la Persis f
Latvian: lv persietis m, lv persiete f
Lithuanian: lt persas m, lt persė f
Macedonian: mk Персијанец m, mk Персијанка f
Malay: ms Parsi
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: mn перс хүн
Norwegian:
Bokmål: nb perser m
Nynorsk: nn persar m
Occitan: oc persan
Odia: or ପାରସୀ, or ପାରଶୀ
Ossetian: os
Pashto: ps پارسیوان m pârsiwân, ps فارس fārs, ps پارس pārs, ps پاړس pāṛs
Persian:
Iranian Persian: fa-ira فارْس, fa-ira پارْس
Polish: pl Pers m, pl Persjanka f, pl Persyjka f
Portuguese: pt persa m f
Romanian: ro persan m, ro persană f
Russian: ru перс m, ru персия́нка f
Sanskrit: sa पारसी, sa पारसीक, sa पारशीक
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: sh Персијанац m, sh Персијанка f, sh Перзијанац, sh Перзијанка f
Latin: sh Persijanac m, sh Persijanka f, sh Perzijanec, sh Perzijanka f
Sicilian: scn pirsianu, scn pèrsicu
Slovak: sk Peržan m, sk Peržanka f
Slovene: sl Perzijec m, sl Perzijka f
Spanish: es persa m f
Swahili: sw Mwajemi
Swedish: sv perser c, sv persiska c female
Tajik: tg форс, tg порс
Tamil: ta பாரசீகர் c
Tatar: tt фарсы
Turkish: tr Fars, tr Acem
Ukrainian: uk перс m, uk персія́нка f
Urdu: ur پارْسی
Uyghur: ug پارس
Uzbek: uz fors, uz pirsiyon
Persian cat
Catalan: ca gat persa m
Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 波斯貓 Bōsīmāo
Danish: da perser c, da angorakat c
Dutch: nl pers m
Esperanto: eo persa kato
Finnish: fi persialainen
German: de Perserkatze f, de Perser f short form
Hungarian: hu perzsa macska
Italian: it gatto persiano, it persiano
Navajo: nv mósíʼilí
Norwegian:
Bokmål: nb perser m
Persian: fa گُرْبِهٔ ایرانی gorbe-ye irâni, fa گربه پشْمالو گُرْبِهٔ پَشمالو gorbe-ye pašmâlu
Polish: pl pers m
Portuguese: pt persa m f
Russian: ru перси́дский кот m, ru перс m
Sicilian: scn pirsianu, scn gattu pirsianu
Spanish: es gato persa
Turkish: tr İran kedisi
pastry local to the Thunder Bay region in Canada
sheep of the Blackhead Persian breed
Esperanto: 2 eo perso
Gujarati: gu ફારસી (1)
Indonesian: 2 id farsi
Manchu: 2 mnc ᡦᠠᡵᠰᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
Spanish: 2 es persa m f
Swahili: 2 sw Kiajemi
Turkish: 2 tr farsça
Urdu: ur فارسی fârsi
Proper noun
en Q9168 The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
en Farsi//Parsi<id:Q9168> Dari<qq:in Afghanistan> Tajik<qq:in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan> Classical Persian<qq:historical>
en Annalee Newitz and Cyrus Farivar Nick Farmer knows dozens of languages, so he invented one for The Expanse w:Ars Technica https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2019/12/nick-farmer-knows-dozens-of-languages-so-he-invented-one-for-the-expanse/ 2019-12-22 The resulting Belter creole is a crazy mix of English, Chinese, romance languages like French, German, Persian, Hebrew, Zulu, and a few other surprises. Farmer says he has over 1,000 Belter words in his personal dictionary, and he keeps adding more as the show’s producers and fans request them. https://web.archive.org/web/20260824171700/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2019/12/nick-farmer-knows-dozens-of-languages-so-he-invented-one-for-the-expanse/ 24 August 2026
Usage notes
The term en Farsi has gained currency in English to refer to the Persian language. Though often used for all varieties, it is frequently used to distinguish the variety spoken in Iran from other varieties. Likewise, the terms en Dari and en Tajik or en Tajiki have become common terms to distinguish varieties spoke in Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (Tajiki), though this distinction is sometimes controversial.
Derived terms
en Afghan Persian Classical Persian Dari Persian Judeo-Persian Penglish Pinglish Tajiki Persian
Translations
Persian language
Afrikaans: af Persies
Albanian: sq gjuhë perse f
Amharic: am የፋርስ ቋንቋ
Arabic: ar فارسي الفَارِسِيَّة f, ar اللُّغَة الفَارِسِيَّة f, ar فَارِسِيّ m colloquial
Aramaic:
Syriac: syc ܦܪܣܐܝܬ, syc ܦܪܣܬ, syc ܦܖܣܐܝܬ archaic, syc ܦܖܣܬ archaic
Armenian: hy պարսկերեն
Asturian: ast persa
Azerbaijani: az fars dili
Basque: eu persiera
Belarusian: be персі́дская мо́ва f, be персі́дская f, be фарсі́ m, be пэрсы́дзкая мо́ва f
Breton: br perseg m
Bukhari: bhh Zaboni forsī
Bulgarian: bg перси́йски m, bg фарси́ m
Burmese: my ပါရှားဘာသာစကား
Catalan: ca persa m, ca farsi m
Chechen: ce гӏажарийн, ce гӀажарийн мотт
Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 波斯語, cmn 法爾西語 fà'ěrxīyǔ, cmn 帕爾西語 pà'ěrxīyǔ historical
Corsican: co persianu m
Czech: cs perština f
Danish: da persisk
Dutch: nl Perzisch n
Esperanto: eo persa, eo persa lingvo
Estonian: et pärsia keel
Faroese: fo persiskt n
Finnish: fi persia, fi persian kieli, fi farsi, fi farsin kieli
French: fr persan m
Frisian:
West Frisian: fy Perzysk n
Gagauz: gag pers dili, gag fars dili
Galician: gl persa m
Georgian: ka სპარსული, ka სპარსული ენა
German: de Persisch n
Greek: el περσικά n-p, el φαρσί
Ancient Greek: grc περσιστί
Greenlandic: kl persiskisut
Gujarati: gu ફારસી
Hebrew: he פַּרְסִית f parsít
Hindi: hi फ़ारसी f, hi पारसी f
Hungarian: hu perzsa, hu újperzsa, hu fárszi
Icelandic: is persneska f
Irish: ga Peirsis f, ga Fairsis f
Italian: it persiano m
Japanese: ja ペルシア語 ペルシアご, Perushiago
Kazakh: kk парсы тілі, kk парсы
Khmer: km ភាសាពែរ្ស phiəsaa pɛɛsɑɑ
Korean: ko 페르시아어
Kumyk: kum фарс тил fars til
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ckb فارسی
Northern Kurdish: kmr farisî, kmr zimanê farisî
Kyrgyz: ky фарс тили, ky фарси
Lao: lo ພາສາເປີເຊຍ phā sā pœ̄ sīa
Latvian: lv persiešu valoda f
Lithuanian: lt persų kalba f
Macedonian: mk пе́рсиски m, mk фа́рси m
Malay: ms bahasa Parsi
Maltese: mt Persjan m Il-Persjan
Manchu: mnc ᡦᠠᡵᠰᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
Māori: mi Reo Pāhia
Marathi: mr फारसी f, mr पर्शियन f
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: mn перс хэл
Navajo: nv Béézhąą bizaad
Nepali: ne पर्सियन
Norwegian:
Bokmål: nb persisk m, nb farsi m
Nynorsk: nn persisk m, nn farsi m
Odia: or ପାରସୀ, or ପାରଶୀ
Ossetian: os персайнаг ӕвзаг
Pashto: ps پاړسي ژبه f pāṛsi žëba, ps پاړسي pāṛsi, ps فارسي fārsi, ps پارسي parsi
Persian:
Iranian Persian: fa-ira فارْسی, fa-ira پارْسی, fa-ira زَبانِ فارْسی, fa-ira زَبانِ پارْسی
Polish: pl perski m
Portuguese: pt persa m
Punjabi: pa ਫਾਰਸੀ f
Romanian: ro persană f
Russian: ru фарси́ m, ru перси́дский (язы́к) m
Samoan: sm Faʻa Peresia
Sanskrit: sa पारसी, sa पारसीक, sa पारशीक
Sardinian: sc persianu m
Sarikoli: srh Porsi ziv, srh Forsi ziv, srh pursi
Scots: sco Persie
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: sh пѐрзӣјскӣ m, sh пѐрсӣјскӣ m, sh фа̑рси m
Latin: sh pèrzījskī m, sh pèrsījskī m, sh fȃrsi m
Shughni: sgh Форси зив
Sicilian: scn pirsianu
Sindhi: sd فارسي فارسِي
Slovak: sk perzština f
Slovene: sl perzijščina f
Spanish: es persa m
Swahili: sw Kiajemi
Swedish: sv persiska c, sv farsi c
Tagalog: tl Persa
Tajik: tg забони форсӣ, tg форсӣ
Tamil: ta பாரசீகம்
Tatar: tt фарсы теле, tt фарсы
Thai: th ภาษาเปอร์เซีย paa-sǎa bpəə-siia
Turkish: tr Farsça, tr Acemce
Ottoman Turkish: ota فارْسی farsî
Turkmen: tk pars dili
Ukrainian: uk перси́дська мо́ва f, uk фарсі́ m, uk пе́рська мо́ва f
Urdu: ur فارْسی f, ur پارْسی f
Uyghur: ug پارس تىلى
Uzbek: uz fors tili, uz forsiy
Vietnamese: vi tiếng Ba Tư
Yaghnobi: yai Форсӣ зивок, yai Порсӣ зивок
Yazghulami: yah порси звег, yah форси звег
Yiddish: yi פּערסיש n persish
See also
en Farsi Iranian Parsi Perse persophone
fa
Further reading
English–Persian and Persian–English dictionary
1 fa fas
fas, a language family including:
pes Western Farsi
prs Dari
Related terms
en perse
Etymology 2
From en w:Persius ian.
Pronunciation
en /ˈpɜː(ɹ)si.ən/ /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/
en Persean
Adjective
Of or pertaining to Persius Roman writer
en Allusion and Intertext: Dynamics of Appropriation in Roman Poetry Stephen Hinds ...as it seems from an Ovidian or Persian standpoint and also, perhaps, from the comic standpoints of Plautus or Caecilius... 1998
Anagrams
en aeinprs arpines asperin paniers prasine rapines saprine separin
en eponyms terms suffixed with -ian
en Domestic cats Ethnonyms Languages Nationalities Persia
Finnish
Noun
fi proper noun form
fi Persia gen s
Anagrams
fi aeinprs parisen parsien rapisen