-que

Appendix:Variations of "que" Latin la 2012 November 30 Alternative forms la -qꝫ -q́ꝫ -q. med, la -q́ue Etymology la :inh itc-pro:*-kʷe From la itc-pro *-kʷe and, from la ine-pro *-kʷe and. Cognates include sa च, grc τε, xfa -𐌂𐌖𐌄, gem-pro *-hw ( → English en though (thou)gh). Its alternative use as a generalizing particle "any, -every" with pronouns and adverbs may result from a shift from an earlier meaning along the lines of "as".102-103 Mechanisms of Language Change in Latin Tore Jansen 1979 https://www.academia.edu/533431/Mechanisms_of_language_change_in_Latin There are also a number of words that are etymologically suffixed with this particle but that have developed specific meanings not clearly analyzable in terms of either of these senses, such as la dēnique finally; at length. Pronunciation Conjunction la conjunction clitics la enclitic la conjunction and, coordinating conjunction la Senatus Populusque Romanus. The Senate and the People of Rome The Roman Senate and People la Cicero Catiline 1 8 Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam. There is nothing you do, nothing you plot, nothing you think about, that I do not only hear of, but actually see as well and distinctly discern. la Virgil Aeneid 1 1 Arma virumque cano, I sing of arms and the man la Ov. M. 12 497 with tmesis : manet inperfossus ab omniinque cruentatus Caeneus Elateius ictu. la poetic when repeated "both... and", "whether... or" la Verg. G. 3 241 hominumque ferarumque both of man and of beast introducing an explanatory clause la Titus Livius Ab Urbe Condita 1 2 Fretusque his animis. And so trusting to the pride of them. la Tac. Ann. 6 1 tuncque primum ignota antea vocabula reperta sunt sellariorum et spintriarum ex foeditate loci 1598 Richard Greenway Then first of all were those vnknowen words of Sellaries and Spintries found out of the filthines of the place. la rare used in an answer la Pl. Am. 879 880 Ain heri nos advenisse huc? — Aio, adveniensque ilico me salutasti. Do you say that we arrived here yesterday? — I do say so, and on your arrival (lit. and arriving) you instantly greeted me. Usage notes Per late Latin grammarians, this enclitic (along with la -ne and la -ve) regularly triggers an accent on the immediately preceding syllable, regardless of its shape (this does not apply however to the fixed expression la itaque therefore). When the preceding syllable ends in a consonant or long vowel, as in "Mūsámque" or "Mūsā́que", this accentuation is consistent with the general Latin stress rule (assuming -que is counted as part of the phonological word), and most modern scholars accept these accentuations as valid for the classical period. However, modern scholars disagree about whether accentuations like "Mūsáque" and "līmináque", which violate the general Latin stress rule by putting stress on a light penultimate syllable, were used in Classical Latin. There is also some debate about how forms ending in -que were accented in early Latin, e.g. the comedies of Plautus. la -que is almost always attached to the end of a word. (In poetry, there are rare examples of tmesis where it is placed inside a word after a prefix: see quotations.) When used to coordinate two words, la -que is normally attached to the second. When used to coordinate two phrases or clauses, it is normally attached to the first word of the second phrase/clause. In some circumstances, it is attached instead to the second word of the second phrase: this occurs often when the second phrase starts with a monosyllabic preposition, sometimes when it starts with a disyllabic preposition or the adverb tam or quam.Harm Pinkster 2015 The Oxford Latin Syntax 2. The Complex Sentence and Discourse 627; 1134 In archaic and official language, la -que is preferred to la et, from which it is distinguished by denoting a closer connection. It is used singly to link words with related meanings. Some examples: Fames sitisque. (hunger and thirst) Augeri amplificarique. (to be increased and to be enlarged) Admirabilis incredibilisque. (admirable and incredible) Fuga pavorque. (fleeing and fear) Cibus victusque. (sustenance and living) Concilium coetusque. (a public gathering and a meeting) Blandimenta voluptatis otiique. (delights of pleasure and leisure) Extremum summumque supplicium. (the furthest and greatest punishment) Imperio auspicioque. (with command and divination) Carus acceptusque. ([he is] dear and pleasing) Jus fasque. (law and divine will) It is especially used in phrases like: Longe longeque. (far off and distant) Longe multumque. (distant and much) Saepe diuque. (often and for a long time) With the comparative: Plus plusque. (more and more) Magis magisque. (to a greater extent and more) Minus minusque. (less and less) When used with personal and possessive pronouns: Me meosque. (me and mine) Se suaque. (themselves and their possession) Ipse meique. (himself and mine) Also used in archaic formulae: Potes pollesque. (you are able and you are strong) Vivunt vigentque. (they live and they flourish) Also words of contrasting meaning: Jus nefasque. (law and sin) Longe lateque. (distant and widely) Cominus eminusque. (in close combat and beyond swords reach) Ultro citroque. (there and here) literally "beyond and to this side" Terrā marique. (from earth and sea) Ferro ignique. (with iron and [with] fire) Pace belloque. (with peace and [with] war) Tempus locusque. (time and place) Parvis magnisque. (with small and [with] large) Derived terms la atque a lacte cunisque en:filioque itaque namque neque SPQR See also la -ne la -ve la -ce Particle la particle la particle -ever; every-, any-; every, each ('universalizing' or 'generalizing'-que 506 particle found in a fixed set of indefinite pronouns and adverbs) la quis -que quisque who -ever whoever; anyone; each one la cum -que cumque when -ever whenever; however la ubī -que ubīque where -ever wherever, anywhere, everywhere Derived terms la cumque,-cumque la quoque (alternatively derived from the conjunction) quisque ubique undique uterque utique See also References -que que