-요

요 Korean Etymology 1 First widely attested in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century novels intended for popular consumption. Stems from a contraction of ko -이-오 it is that..., from ko -이다 -이- to be copula + ko -오 declarative verbal suffix of the semi-formal speech level.Gugeohak 36 2000 ko:상대높임의 조사 '-요'와 '-(이)ㅂ쇼'의 기원과 형성 과정 The origin and formative process of the addressee honorific particle -yo and -(i)psyo ko:고광무 259—282Hanmal yeon'gu 23 2008 ko:높임의 조사 '-요'의 문법화 The grammaticalization of the honoring particle -yo ko:허재영 473—493 The suffix ko -오 itself goes back to ko okm -ᅀᆞᇦ〯- -zǒW- object honorific verbal suffix, though the exact derivation is unclear, and ultimately to ko oko 白 *SOLP- to inform a superior.Gugeosa yeon'gu 14 2012 ko:명령형 종결어미의 역사적 변화 The historical transformation of imperative sentence-final suffixes ko:이승희 7—28 Compare also jje -마씀 which has the same function. Pronunciation 요 여 Particle particle ko casual polite A particle attached to Korean speech levels#Hae-che intimate-style verbs and adjective endings and some Korean speech levels#Hage-che blunt-style endings to form the Korean speech levels#Haeyo-che polite style, the usual speech level for polite but not extremely formal conversation, e.g. by a student to a teacher, a child to a parent, or between colleagues. ko 해-요. Let's do it. ko 안녕하세-요. Hello. ko 제-가 도와-드리지-요. I can give you a hand. ko 여행 준비-는 다 했-나-요? Have you finished preparing for your trip? A particle attached to substantives, adverbs, or non-sentence-final endings to show respect to the listener in the Korean speech levels#Haeyo-che polite style. ko 왜-요? Why? ko ^어제 눈-이 오-던데-요…… (But) it was snowing yesterday… ko 어머니-는-요 동생-한테-만-요 화-를 내-셨-어요. Mom only got angry at my younger sibling. ko 뭘 먹-었-나-요? — ^라면-요. What did you eat? — Ramen. Usage notes ko -요 is the traditional, prescriptive pronunciation; ko -여 is a common alternative pronunciation by young South Koreans. For the copula ko -이다 to be and ko 아니다 to not be, the form is irregularly ko -이-에요. For the honorific ko -으시-, the form is irregularly ko -으세요. In the polite style, there is no explicit marker to distinguish between indicative, interrogative, imperative, and hortative moods. The distinction is made only by pitch in speech (e.g. rising pitch for questions), and by punctuation in writing. For the second definition, it was considered prescriptively incorrect to add the allomorphic form ko -이요 to words ending in a consonant, even though that it was common in usage; however, this was updated on February 3, 2021 to where ko -이요 may be used after words ending in a consonant.https://stdict.korean.go.kr/search/popup/historyList.do?word_no=533672&hist_seq=1# ko:표준국어대사전 National Institute of the Korean Language National Institute of Korean Language ko:이요³ — 편집 이력 ko 이요³ — Edit history December 6, 2023 2021ko ko:임동근 ko:듣는 사람 존대하는 보조사 '이요' 표준국어대사전에 추가 'ko 이요', the addressee-honoring particle, has been added to the standard dictionary Yonhap News Agency ko 연합뉴스 February 4, 2021 https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20210204083400005 Nonetheless, it is still prescriptively correct to add ko -요 after words ending in both vowels and consonants.https://stdict.korean.go.kr/search/popup/wordLink.do?word_no=462398&hist_seq=1&sense_no=0&sp_seq=-1&sent_ptrn_seq=-1 ko:표준국어대사전 National Institute of the Korean Language National Institute of Korean Language ko:요14 December 6, 2023 Alternative forms ko -이요 optional after consonants Alternative forms ko -여 spelling pronunciation of modern Seoul, used for "cutesy" effect ko -유 Chungcheong dialect, often considered the archetypal "dialectal" pronunciation ko -예 Gyeongsang dialect Etymology 2 Verb verb form ko 이오 (semi-formal speech level form of 이다 to be) ko 거기 누구요? Who's there? Etymology 3 Suffix suffix A suffix used only after a copula, enumerating objects or facts ko 그는 나의 친구요 선생이요 동반자였다. He was my friend, teacher, and companion. Etymology 4 See ko -소. The semivowel is introduced to break hiatus. Suffix ko -오 post-vowel allomorph of ko -소 semi-formal style sentence-final suffix Gyeongsang Jeolla References