-느니

느니 Korean Pronunciation Etymology 1 Suffix suffix rather; marks the following clause as a preferable choice. ko 치욕스레 사-느니 차라리 죽-겠--다. Rather than live in shame, I would rather die. Usage notes ko -느니 causes stem-final ko ㄹ to drop out. Only used for verbs without tense marking, and for the existential adjectives ko 있다, ko 없다, and ko 계시다. Etymology 2 opposition Suffix suffix -느니... -느니 saying... and saying...; conveys a dispute between opposing viewpoints. ko 돈-을 쓰-느니 아끼-느니 갑론을박-이 계속된다. The dispute continues, with some arguing to spend the money, some to save it. Usage notes Colloquially, ko -니 -니... -니 is used instead. ko -느니 causes stem-final ko ㄹ to drop out. ko -느니 is used for all verbs, for the existential adjectives ko 있다, ko 없다, and ko 계시다, and for adjectives with tense marking with ko -었- and ko -겠-. ko -으니 is used for adjectives without tense marking. Alternative forms ko -으니 -니 See Usage notes Etymology 3 verb-final ws -으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 -úní/óní , a general-purpose declarative and interrogative suffix of a middling level of deference. In Middle Korean, this suffix is formally identical to -으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니 -úní-/óní-, a "durative" aspect-marking suffix indicating continuous action or timeless fact. Said suffix is etymologically from ko oko 隱 *-un realis gerundive suffix + oko 是 *i- copula to be: "to be that..." (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 211). The traditional analysis is that this suffix is in fact fully identical to the durative suffix, with the expected formality- and mood-marking suffixes that should follow it being omitted due to the reduced degree of formality. However, it has been argued that this analysis is strange from the perspective of Korean grammar, and that there is in fact a formality-marking suffix -이〮 -i which merges with -니〮- -ní- due to the shared vowel.ko:중세국어 종결어미 '(-으)이'의 분석과 그 문법사적 의의 Analysis of the Middle Korean sentence ender (-u)i and its significance in grammatical history ko:장윤희 Gugeohak 30 1997 103—140 Before verbs, the suffix now takes ko 느, from okm - -ᄂᆞ- -no-, originally a Middle Korean present-tense suffix now attached generally to verbs (or tense-marking suffixes derived from verbs) in many grammaticalized suffixes. See Usage notes below. Suffix suffix ko dated now _ poetic In the familiar style, a declarative suffix introducing a general truth or maxim. ko -느니라 more common ko 사람-이 효-를 모르-거든 금수-와 다름-이 없-느니. If a man knows no respect for his parents, he is no different from a beast. Usage notes ko -느니 causes stem-final ko ㄹ to drop out. ko -느니 is used for all verbs, for the existential adjectives ko 있다, ko 없다, and ko 계시다, and for adjectives with tense marking with ko -었- and ko -겠-. ko -으니 is used for adjectives without tense marking. Alternative forms ko -으니 -니 See Usage notes References ko inflectional suffixes