-ism

ism ISM -ism- ism. English Etymology en action nouns :der grc:-ῐσμός<id:abstract noun> 1 Ultimately from en grc -ισμός, a suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine, from the stem of verbs in grc -ίζειν (whence en -ize). en -ismus. Many English nouns in en -ism are loans of Ancient Greek nouns in grc -ισμός, often via Latin and French, such as en Judaism, a learned English formation from Latin attested from c. 1500 and ultimately from grc Ἰουδαϊσμός. In en la-lat -, the la -ismus suffix became the ordinary ending for names of religions and ecclesiastical or philosophical systems or schools of thought, thus la chrīstiānismus (whence 16th c. en Christianism) in Tertullian, a trend continued in en la-med -, with e.g. la pāgānismus attested by the 8th century. From the 16th century, such formations became very common in English, until the early 18th century mostly restricted to either root words of Greek or Latin origin (en heroism, en patriotism) or proper names (en Calvinism, en Lutheranism). Productivity from root words with evidently non-Latin and non-Greek origin dates to the late 18th century (e.g. en blackguardism). Reflecting this productivity, use of en ism as a standalone noun is attested in Edward Pettit (1680) and becomes common from the mid-18th century. The narrowed sense of forming terms for ideologies based on the belief of superiority is based on coinages such as en racism (1932) or en sexism (1936) and productive since the 1970s. Pronunciation en /-ˌɪz(ə)m/ [ˌɪzm̩] en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ism.wav Southern England Suffix ~ Used to form nouns of action, process, or result based on the accompanying verb ending in -ise or -ize. baptism (1300), aphorism (1528), criticism (1607), magnetism (1616) Used to form the name of a school of thought, system, or theory based on the name of its subject or object or alternatively on the name of its founder When de-capitalized, these overlap with the generic "doctrines" sense below, e.g. Liberalism vs. liberalism. Lutheranism (1560), Calvinism (1570), Protestantism (1606), Congregationalism (1716), Mohammedanism (1815),: Palamism (1949) en tendencyUsed to form names of a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, opinion, or state belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology, or principle or lack thereof. atheism (1587), ruffianism (1589), giantism (1639), fanaticism (1652), theism (1678), religionism (1706), patriotism (1716), heroism (1717), despotism (1728), old-maidism (1776), capitalism (1792), nationism (1798), romanticism (1803), conservatism (1832), sexualism (1842), vegetarianism (1848), externalism (1856), young-ladyism (1869), opportunism (1870), blackguardism (1875), jingoism (1878), feminism (1895), dwarfism (1895) en 1990 Stephen King The Moving Finger (short story) The Moving Finger Howard didn't care much for beer, but that night he helped himself to three cans of Vi's new find nevertheless. Vi commented on it, said that if she had known he was going to like it that much, she would have stopped by the drugstore and gotten him an IV hookup. Another time-honored Vi-ism. en 2020 w:Ministry of Broadcast w:Hitcents w:Nintendo Switch game over WE ARE EXPERIENCING BROADCAST NOOBISM en Jennifer Hansler, Kylie Atwood and Nicole Gaouette Pompeo attacks multiculturalism, saying it is ‘not who America is’ w:CNN https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/19/politics/pompeo-multiculturalism-tweet w:Mike Pompeo 2021-01-19 “Woke-ism, multiculturalism, all the -isms — they’re not who America is. They distort our glorious founding and what this country is all about. Our enemies stoke these divisions because they know they make us weaker,” he wrote Tuesday. https://web.archive.org/web/20241219175006/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/19/politics/pompeo-multiculturalism-tweet/ 19 December 2024 Used to form countable nouns indicating a peculiarity or characteristic of language Atticism (1612), Gallicism (1656), archaism (1709), Americanism (1781), colloquialism (1834), newspaperism (1838), Shakespearianism (1886) en 2010 w:Nassim Nicholas Taleb The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable New York Random House 9780399590450 136 Note that these sayings attributed to Yogi Berra might be apocryphal These sayings remain, however, quintessential Berraisms. Used to form names of ideologies expressing belief in the superiority of a certain class within the concept expressed by the root word, or a pattern of behavior or a social norm that benefits members of the group indicated by the root word. Based on a late 20th-century narrowing of the "terms for a doctrine" sense. racism (1932), sexism (1936), classism (1971), speciesism (1975), heterosexism (1979), ableism (1981) en medicine Used to form names of conditions (syndromes, diseases, disorders, defects, addictions) and therapeutical methods or doctrines. aleydigism, daturism, senilism, teratism, cocainism, climatism, humorism Derived terms en en ism en -icism Related terms en -ist en -istic Descendants ia -ismo 1 ja イズム 1 Translations a principle, belief or movement Afrikaans: af -isme Albanian: sq -im, sq -izëm m Arabic: ar ـِيَّة Aragonese: an -ismo m Armenian: hy իզմ -իզմ Asturian: ast -ismu m Azerbaijani: az -izm Basque: eu -ismo in Belarusian: be -і́зм m, be -ы́зм m Bengali: bn বাদ Bulgarian: bg -и́зъм m Burmese: my ဝါဒ Catalan: ca -isme m Chinese: Mandarin: cmn 主義 -主義 -zhǔyì Czech: cs -ismus m Danish: da -isme c Dutch: nl -isme n Esperanto: eo -o, eo -ismo Estonian: et -ism Faroese: fo -isma f Finnish: fi -ismi French: fr -isme m Galician: gl -ismo m Georgian: ka -იზმი German: de -ismus m Alemannic German: gsw -ismus m Greek: el -ισμός m Hebrew: he ־יזם m izm Hindi: hi वाद m -वाद Hungarian: hu -izmus Icelandic: -is stefna f; is -ismi m, is -ismus m rare Indonesian: id -isme Interlingua: ia -ismo Italian: it -ismo m Japanese: ja 主義 -主義 -しゅぎ, -shugi, loanwords, vowel "i" can be merged into kana of the previous consonant ja イズム -izumu -イズム, ja 教 きょう, -kyō religion Khmer: km និយម -និយម, km លទ្ធិ លទ្ធិ- Korean: ko 주의 -주의(主義), ko 이즘 -이즘 Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: kmr -îzm Ladino: lad -izmo Lao: lo ລັດທິ ລັດທິ-, lo ນິຍົມ -ນິຍົມ Latin: la -ismus m, la -isma n Latvian: lv -isms m Lithuanian: lt -izmas m Macedonian: mk -и́зам m Malay: ms -isme Maltese: mt -iżmu m Norman: nrf -isme m Norwegian: Bokmål: nb -isme m Nynorsk: nn -isme m Occitan: oc -isme m Persian: fa ـیسم -ism, fa گرایی gerâi, fa پرستی parasti Polish: pl -yzm m, pl -izm m Portuguese: pt -ismo m Punjabi: pa -ਵਾਦ m Romanian: ro -ism n Cyrillic: ro -исм n Russian: ru -и́зм m Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: sh -изам m Latin: sh -izam m Sicilian: scn -ìsima f, scn -ìsimu m, scn -ismu borrowed from Italian Slovak: sk -izmus m Slovene: sl -izem m Spanish: es -ismo m Swedish: sv -ism c Tagalog: tl -ismo Tamil: ta -அம் general noun formative suffix Thai: th ลัทธิ ลัทธิ- lát-tí-, th นิยม -นิยม ní-yōm Turkish: tr -izm Ukrainian: uk -і́зм m, uk -и́зм m Vietnamese: vi chủ nghĩa chủ nghĩa- (vi 主義 主義-) Volapük: vo -im Walloon: wa -isse Welsh: cy -aeth f, cy -iaeth f Yiddish: yi ־יזם m Zazaki: zza -izm Zhuang: za cujyi -cujyi Corsican: co -ismu m Icelandic: is -ismi m Interlingua: ia -ismo Latin: la -ismus m Low German: nds -ismus m Luxembourgish: lb -ismus m Sardinian: sc -ismu m Sicilian: scn -ìsima f, scn -ìsimu m Slovene: sl -izem m Sundanese: su -isme Tibetan: bo རིང་ལུགས Noun 1 en ism ideology or form of discrimination ending in -ism en Heather Kelly YouTube tries to fix its comments w:CNN https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/24/tech/social-media/youtube-comment-upgrade 2013-09-24 YouTube comments are rough. They dabble in all forms of trolling, bullying, racism, sexism and other offensive -isms, interspersed with endless spurts of nonsensical chatter. Any thoughtful comments are typically lost in a roiling sea of “LOLs,” insults and spam. https://web.archive.org/web/20160411063234/http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/24/tech/social-media/youtube-comment-upgrade/ en Jennifer Hansler;Kylie Atwood;Nicole Gaouette Pompeo attacks multiculturalism, saying it is ‘not who America is’ w:CNN https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/19/politics/pompeo-multiculturalism-tweet w:Mike Pompeo 2021-01-19 “Woke-ism, multiculturalism, all the -isms — they’re not who America is. They distort our glorious founding and what this country is all about. Our enemies stoke these divisions because they know they make us weaker,” he wrote Tuesday. https://web.archive.org/web/20221210035612/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/19/politics/pompeo-multiculturalism-tweet/ References Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. "-ism, suffix". Anagrams en ims IMS IMs MIS MIs MSI SIM Sim mis- sim en productive suffixes Romanian Alternative forms ro -исм Moldovan Cyrillic spelling Etymology ro la -ismus, ro fr -isme, ultimately from ro grc -ισμός. Pronunciation ro /ism/ Suffix n e 1 en -ism indicates a belief or principle ro creștin creștinism Christian Christianity ro anarhie anarhism anarchy anarchism Declension Derived terms ro Related terms ro -ist Swedish Etymology Borrowed from sv fr -isme. Pronunciation sv /ˈɪsm/ Suffix sv suffix c en -ism sv kommunism communism 1 sv kannibalism canibalism 1 sv surrealism surrealism 1 Declension Derived terms sv Related terms sv ism sv -ist Descendants fi -ismi 1 Anagrams sv ims sim