411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
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Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
✱ ᚕ ٭ 𐠂 𐠀 ★ ✶ ✴ ꙳ ᕯ ⁂
⁎ ✱ ✲ ✻ ✼ ✽ ❉ ✢ ✣ ✤ ✥ ❃ ❊ ❋ ✺ * ﹡
Translingual
*
Symbol
* asterisk
mul alchemy sal ammoniac (6 or 8 point).
mul astronomy A star (5 or 6 point).
mul internet slang mul :* * encloses an interpretation
en I can't see anything! – Hold on a second… *turns the light on
mul computing Used as a multiplication symbol; ×.
mul regex Used as a wildcard to detect zero or more occurrences of the preceding element.
en The string ab*c matches “ac”, “abc”, “abbc”, “abbbc”, and so on.
mul mathematics
mul algebra Complex or transpose conjugate; conjugate.
mul algebra computer science free monoid or Kleene star.
en In the language defined by AB*A, each string starts with an A, ends with a distinct A, and between them has zero or more Bs.
mul linear algebra functional analysis dual space.
mul meteorology snow (6 point).
mul particle physics Used to designate a resonance.
mul IPA A reserved symbol with no set meaning, that needs to be defined by the transcriber. May be used as a letter or as a diacritic.
mul IPA dated Marks proper names that would be capitalized in orthography.
en *ɹɔdʒə *kiŋdənz tounmɑˑks ədæptid tə *frenʃ intouneiʃn Rodger Kindon's tone-marks adapted to French intonation
linguisticsmul linguistics
mul ill-formed mul descriptive _ linguistics Used before a term (such as a word, phrase, or sentence) to show that it is grammatically incorrect, or in some other way ill-formed.
mul :** ill-formed
en English prepositions come before the associated noun: we say She lives in Rome, not *She lives Rome in.
en Roots like *bep- were not allowed in Proto-Indo-European.
mul historical _ linguistics Used before or after a term to denote that it is only hypothesized and not actually attested.
mul hypothesized When used before a term: that the term has been reconstructed by a linguist, on the basis of comparative method or by comparing other reconstructed terms, as the plausible ancestral form of an existing, attested term in one or more languages.
mul :** invented
en It is posited that Proto-Indo-European *sneygʷʰos is the etymon of both Latin la nix and English en snow.
en His theory of the Proto-Slavic *kъniga being ultimately derived from Chinese, via the middle form *kūinig, reflecting ancient routes of cultural influx from the East, has not gained a firm ground in the Slavicist circles in the last century.
When used after a term: that the term is actually attested, but not in the specific inflectional form being mentioned (typically the citation form).
en PIE *ḱonk- yielded Vedic śaṅk-ate “worries, hesitates”, as well as pre-Germanic *kank-, whence also Gothic hāhan* “to hang”.
When used before a symbol representing a phoneme: that the phoneme is reconstructed on the basis of comparative method.
en Proto-Germanic had three unvoiced fricatives: */f/, */þ/, and */h/.
When used before a symbol representing a sound value: that the sound value is hypothesized.
en Proto-Germanic had three unvoiced fricatives, possibly representing *[ɸ], *[θ], and *[x].
mul music A pointing mark in Anglican chant, which marks a place in the text where an extra breath should be taken, resulting in a brief pause.
mul ' : ⋅ — ‖ †
Synonyms
multiplication symbol mul ×, mul x, mul ·
Antonyms
multiplication symbol mul :, mul /, mul ÷
Coordinate terms
multiplication symbol mul +, mul -, mul /, mul %, mul ^, mul :**
Derived terms
mul :* * encloses text for emphasis
astronomy en V*, en Cl*
multiplication symbol mul :**
wildcard mul :*.*
linguistics mul :**
Punctuation mark
Used to censor sections of obscene or profane words.
en Fuck You (CeeLo Green song) F**k You!
mul internet slang Used to censor non-offensive words to treat them as insulting or profane.
en T*rks, K*rds
en wh*te "people"
Used in a dictionary or similar work to indicate a cross-reference to another entry.
en mul The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar 2nd Oxford w:Oxford University Press 2014 25 https://books.google.com/books?id=1awJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25 978-0-19-965823-7 analysis The process of breaking up *words, *phrases, *clauses, *sentences, *constructions, etc. into their *constituent parts.
Used at the beginning of a footnote, especially if it is the only one on the page, and after a word, phrase, or sentence that this footnote relates to.
mul by extension Used at the beginning of a clarifying statement or disclaimer, especially if it is the only one on the page.
en https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/us-map.html [United States] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Total confirmed monkeypox/orthopoxvirus cases: 7,102 *One Florida case is listed here but included in the United Kingdom case counts because the individual was tested while in the UK. Monkeypox 2022 U.S. Map & Case Count 2022-08-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20220805053419/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/us-map.html 2022-08-05 2022-08-05
mul cricket Used to marks a score or statistic that is incomplete, such as the score of a batsman who is (or was) not out.
mul chiefly computing Uses especially in computing.
Used as a wildcard to denote zero or more characters.
en trans* transgender or transsexual
mul Internet Used to indicate a field of a form that must be filled out.
mul software Placed after a filename to indicate that the file's contents have been modified but not saved.
mul Internet slang Used before or after a word to show a correction has been made, chiefly by the same participant.
en I'm our of time. / *out
mul genealogy Used before a date to denote that it is a birthdate.
Used to indicate emphasis, see * *.
Used to form a dinkus, * * *, or asterism, ⁂.
Usage notes
The English names of the mark are en asterisk and en star.
In Internet slang, when two or more corrections are made, one may add a * with each correction.
en I just got back from Sarcamento / *Sacarmento / **Sacramento
Synonyms
in censoring mul ■, mul —
footnote mul †, ‡, §, ‖, ¶
as wildcard mul %
genealogy mul °
Antonyms
genealogy mul † / ✝ / + (French)
Coordinate terms
beginning a footnote mul †, mul ‡, mul **, [numbers]
as wildcard mul ?
genealogy mul ⚭ / ✕, ⚮, ⚵ (German)
grammatically incorrect mul ?
in censoring zh × (Chinese), ja ○ (Japanese)
*
English
Symbol
en symbol
A star.
en ur a *! You’re a star!
en text messaging Used to replace the sounds /stɑː(ɹ)/ (star) in any word that has this pronunciation or similar.
en *t start
en *fish starfish
en *g8 stargate
en text messaging Used to replace censor profanities.
en f**k fuck
en sh*t shit
German
Symbol
de symbol
de nonstandard the de Gendersternchen; Used to separate multiple gendered inflections in gender-neutral writing.
de Freund*innen; ein*e Beamt*er*in; Witwe*r friends (of any gender); an officer (of any gender); widow(er) (of any gender)
de Alexander Diehl Hamburger Küche: Aal kann – muss aber nicht Die Tageszeitung: taz 2020-02-23 https://taz.de/!5663125/ 0931-9085 Aber genauer besehen sind sie in Hamburg ja Lutheraner*innen, und Luther war das Leibliche so fern nun wieder nicht. But on closer inspection, those in Hamburg are in fact Lutherans [of all genders], and the bodily was not so distant from Luther after all.
Usage notes
In speech either expanded (de Spieler*in → de Spieler oder Spielerin), or realized with a glottal stop /ˈʃpiːləʁʔɪn/.
Issues can arise with some forms, compare:
de Freund Freunde m-p, de Freundin Freundinnen f-p → Freund*innen, where the e of the masculine term is dropped and it's not Freunde*innen
de Arzt m, de Ärztin f → Ärzt*in, where the umlaut-less A is not present
de ein Abgeordneter m, de eine Abgeordnete f → ein*e Abgeordnete*r, where the feminine-like ein*e occurs together with the masculine-like Abgeordnete*r
Synonyms
de : as in Freund:innen; nonstandard, rare
de _ as in Freund_innen; nonstandard
de / as in Freund/innen; nonstandard, proscribed
de /- as in Mitarbeiter/-innen
de () as in Mitarbeiter(innen)
(m/w/d) as in Mitarbeiter (m/w/d)
capital I in de -in feminine suffix as in FreundInnen; nonstandard, proscribed
"gender-neutral", but binary only:
de und as in Freunde und Freundinnen
de männlich und weiblich as in männliche und weibliche Freunde
de beiderlei Geschlechts as in Freunde beiderlei Geschlechts
(m/w) as in Freund (m/w)