-енный

Russian Etymology 1 ru cu -еньнъ, from cu енъ + cu ьнъ. Originally used to form adjectives from past passive participles in Old Church Slavonic, later reinterpreted as a past passive participle suffix within the Russian literary language. Compare the native past participle suffix ru -еный 1, which developed into an adjective suffix. For the same development compare ru -ячий. Alternative forms ru -ённый when stressed Pronunciation opt Suffix ru suffix adjective-forming suffixes used to form past passive participles from verbs in ru -ить and ru -еть, which are frequently lexicalized into adjectives ru просла́вить to celebrate просла́вленный celebrated Usage notes As a means of forming past passive participles, the suffix as written occurs only unstressed; when stressed, it assumes the form ru -ённый. Generally, this suffix occurs with accent-a verbs (stem-stressed verbs ending in unstressed ru -ить and ru -еть) and accent-c verbs (ending-stressed verbs in ru -и́ть and ru -е́ть, where the present and synthetic future tense, except for the first person singular, are stem-stressed, for example ru води́ть with present tense ru вожу́, ru во́дишь, ru во́дит, etc.). It does not normally occur with accent-b verbs (ending-stressed verbs where the entire present and synthetic future tense is ending-stressed, for example ru вини́ть with present tense ru виню́, ru вини́шь, ru вини́т, etc.), which instead use ru -ённый. However, there are exceptions in both directions, e.g. accent-c ru дели́ть (present tense ru делю́, ru де́лишь) with past passive participle ru делённый and accent-b ru крои́ть (present tense ru крою́, ru крои́шь) with past passive participle ru кро́енный. This suffix triggers iotation (unlike the homophonous adjective-forming suffix below). Related terms ru -анный ru -янный ru -нный See also ru -тый Etymology 2 Pronunciation opt y -е́нный y y Suffix ru suffix -енный -е́нный adjective-forming suffixes used to form adjectives from nouns, with the meaning "having the property of X" ru простра́нство space простра́нственный spatial ru целому́дрие chastity целому́дренный chaste ru ма́лый small число́ number малочи́сленный scanty, few used to form adjectives from other adjectives, with the colloquial meaning "very X" ru высо́кий high, tall -е́нный высоче́нный very high, very tall colloquial ru здоро́вый healthy; strong; big -е́нный здорове́нный very strong, very muscular; huge, enormous colloquial Usage notes This suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of velars, but does not trigger iotation (unlike the homophonous past-participle-forming suffix above). In the colloquial meaning "very X", the suffix is normally stressed, while in the meaning "having the property of X" it is normally unstressed. Derived terms ru