-는-

는 -는 Korean Alternative forms ko -ㄴ- see Usage notes Etymology From ko okm - -ᄂᆞ- -no-, representing a merger of two independent ko oko - suffixes: oko 飛 *-no- and oko 臥 *-nwu-. It is usually thought that oko 臥 *-nwu-, despite the vowel shift, was closer to the present-tense meaning and that oko 飛 *-no- may have been a continuous aspect-marking suffix.ko:선어말어미 '-內-', '-飛-'와 '-臥-' ko:鄭在永 ko 口訣學會 제21회 共同硏究會 發表論文集 [from the 21st conference of the Society for Kugyol Studies] 63—86 1999ko:선어말어미 ‘-ᄂᆞ-’와 ‘-누-’에 대한 문법사적 고찰: 차자표기 자료와의 관련성을 중심으로 ko:박진호 ko 口訣學會 제54회 共同硏究會 發表論文集 [from the 54th conference of the Society for Kugyol Studies] 1—11 2018 The reduplicated form ko -는- is used since the seventeenth century, except in certain contexts (see below) where the syncopated form ko -ㄴ is used after vowels. Pronunciation Suffix suffix A present tense-marking suffix for verbs; it attaches directly to the stem, including the honorific ko -으시-, and precedes another verbal suffix. ko -었- past-tense -겠- future ko 먹- -는- -다 먹는다 one eats ko 먹- -는- -구나 먹는구나 one is eating! ko 있- -는- -다 있는다 one stays Usage notes This suffix causes stem-final ko ㄹ to drop out. This suffix takes the short form ko -ㄴ- after vowels and before the formal non-polite ending ko -다. In all other cases, the full form is used: ko 알다 안다, not ko *아는다, but ko 알다 아는가, not ko *안가. Derived terms ko -는다 -는구나 -는다지 -는단다 Related terms ko -는가 -는<pos:present-tense adnominal marker> References ko inflectional suffixes