Indo-European

Indoeuropean English Alternative forms en Indoeuropean en IE IE. initialism Etymology en Q25820 1813, from en Indo- European, relating to the geographical extremes in India and Europe (which was valid before the discovery of Tocharian languages in the early 20th century). Pronunciation en /ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/ en LL-Q1860 (eng)-PerfectSoundWhatever-Indo-European.wav CA Proper noun A major language family which includes many of the native languages of Europe, Western Asia and India, with notable Indic, Iranian and European sub-branches. Proto-Indo-European: the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family. Synonyms en Indo-Germanic now uncommon Derived terms en Indo-Europeanism Indo-Europeanist Indo-Hittite non-Indo-European pre-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European Related terms en PIE Translations language family Arabic: ar هِنْدُوأُورُوبِّيَّة f Chinese: Mandarin: cmn 印歐語系 yìn'ōuyǔxì Dutch: nl Indo-Europees n French: fr indo-européen m Georgian: ka ინდოევროპული, ka ინდოევროპული ენები German: de Indogermanisch n Hindi: hi भारोपीय, hi हिन्द-यूरोपीय Japanese: ja インド・ヨーロッパ語族 Indo-Yōroppa-gozoku, ja 印欧語族 in'ō gozoku Korean: ko 인도유럽어족, ko 인구어계(印歐語系) Persian: Iranian Persian: fa-ira هندواروپایی hendo-orupâyi Polish: pl języki indoeuropejskie nv-p Tajik: tg ҳиндуаврупоӣ Urdu: ur ہِنْد یُورَپِی hind-yūrapī proto-language Catalan: ca indoeuropeu m French: fr indo-européen m Georgian: ka პროტოინდოევროპული, ka პროტოინდოევროპული ენა, ka წინარეინდოევროპული, ka წინარეინდოევროპული ენა German: de Indogermanisch n, de Urindogermanisch n Hindi: hi आदिम-भारोपीय f, hi आदिम-हिन्द-यूरोपीय f Norwegian: no Indoeuropeisk Polish: pl język indoeuropejski m-in Urdu: ur اَوَّلِی ہِنْد یُورَپِی avvalī-hind-yūrapī Welsh: cy Indo-Ewropeg f See also :Category:Terms derived from Indo-European languages by language Further reading 1 ine Noun en anthropology archaeology linguistics A member of the original ethnolinguistic group hypothesized to have spoken Proto-Indo-European and thus to have been the ancestor for most of India and Western Eurasia. en Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European speaker en 1992 R.R. Sokal N.L. Oden B.A. Thomson Origins of the Indo-Europeans: genetic evidence Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89 10.1073/pnas.89.16.7669 1502181 Two theories of the origins of the Indo-Europeans currently compete. M. Gimbutas believes that early Indo-Europeans entered southeastern Europe from the Pontic Steppes starting ca. 4500 B.C. and spread from there. C. Renfrew equates early Indo-Europeans with early farmers who entered southeastern Europe from Asia Minor ca. 7000 BC and spread through the continent. en 1997 J. P. Mallory Douglas Q. Adams Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture London, Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers 978-1-884964-98-5 ALDER 12 Thus, although at least one term for ‘alder’ can be reconstructed to PIE, the wide distribution of this tree prevents it from being diagnostic of the earlier location of the Indo-Europeans. en History A speaker of any Indo-European language (though especially an ancient one), or a member of an Indo-European culture, who is regarded as a continuation of the Proto-Indo-Europeans in terms of language, ancestry, or cultural affinity. en 1988 1990 Thomas V. Gamkrelidze T.L. Markey and John A.C. Greppin When Worlds Collide: The Indo-Europeans and the Pre-Indo-Europeans On the problem of an Asiatic original homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans Ann Arbor Karoma Publishers, Inc. 0-89720-090-X 6 To the same direction points a recent revelation made by Professor Henning who identifies the Gutians or Kutians and Tukres of the ancient Near East that occur in the cuneiform inscriptions of the end of the 3rd millennium B.C. with historical Kuchi-Tocharians, this being the earliest appearance of the Indo-Europeans in history (cf. W. Henning, the first Indo-Europeans in history, "Society and History." […]). en 2015-12-18 Mark Damen The Indo-European Dual TEDxUSU video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gYvy71C-SA We Indo-Europeans are crazy about three! We see the world as earth, sky, water. We see things as having a beginning, a middle, and an end. Do you want a third example? Sure you do—you're Indo-European! en rare A European living in India or the Indies. en 2020 Sujit Sivasandaram Waves Across the South William Collins 2021 236 The sale of looted items persisted for a month, and quick profits were made by burghers and Indo-Europeans. en loosely uncommon A person of mixed European and Indian or Indonesian ancestry. Usage notes The anthropological senses are an extension of the definition in linguistics. In older sources, often little distinction was made between the earliest Indo-Europeans (i.e. Proto-Indo-Europeans) and their descendants, as the Indo-European expansions were commonly regarded as part of a continuous whole “invasion” or similar replacement event, during which Indo-European–speaking peoples remained ethnoculturally similar long after their dispersal, a view that is now outdated. Also, the prefix en proto- Proto- only gradually became standard throughout the 20th century, leaving “Indo-European” as a somewhat dated relic from a time before the prefix. In modern academic settings, the use of Indo-European as a countable noun is less common and discouraged for these reasons. Translations member of Proto-Indo-European ethnolinguistic group Armenian: hy հնդեվրոպացի Catalan: ca indoeuropeu m, ca indoeuropea f Danish: da indoeuropæisk Faroese: fo indoevropeari m Finnish: fi indoeurooppalainen French: fr indo-européen Galician: gl indoeuropeo m Georgian: ka ინდოევროპელი, ka ინდო-ევროპელი German: de Indogermane m, de Indoeuropäer m; female de Indogermanin f, de Indoeuropäerin f Hebrew: he הודו־אירופי הודו-אירופי Hindi: hi हिन्द-यूरोपीय m, hi भारोपीय Hungarian: hu indogermán, hu indoeurópai Indonesian: id Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa, id Rumpun bahasa India-Eropa Irish: ga Ind-Eorpach m Japanese: ja インド・ヨーロッパ語族 Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: kmr hîndûewropî Latvian: lv indoeiropietis m, lv indoeiropiete f Malay: ms Bahasa Indo-Eropah Persian: Iranian Persian: fa-ira هندواروپایی hendo-orupâyi Polish: pl Indoeuropejczyk m-pr, pl Indoeuropejka f Portuguese: pt indo-europeu m Romanian: ro indo-european Russian: ru индоевропе́ец m, ru индоевропе́йка f Swedish: sv indoeuropé c Tajik: tg ҳиндуаврупоӣ Ukrainian: uk індоєвропе́єць m, uk індоєвропе́йка f Urdu: ur ہند یورپی hind yorapī Adjective Of or relating to the family of languages originally spoken in Europe and Western Asia. 1st Introduction xi Of the great Indo-European family of languages the general principal was also that of one name for each individual, the majority of names being compounded of two elements chosen from a stock of special name-words. Of or relating to the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family. en Proto-Indo-European PIE abbreviation Of or relating to the hypothetical group of peoples that spread early Indo-European languages. en Beekes Robert S. P. Robert S. P. Beekes 2010 Etymological Dictionary of Greek Leiden, Boston Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10 with the assistance of Lucien van Beek Brill 9789004174207 690 I grc κηρός As there is no evidence for Indo-European apiculture, we have to reckon with foreign origin for κηρός […]. en loosely uncommon Of or relating to persons of mixed European and Indian or Indonesian ancestry. Translations of or relating to languages originally spoken in Europe and Western Asia Arabic: ar هِنْدِيّ-أُورُوبِيّ hindiyy-ʔurūbiyy Armenian: hy հնդեվրոպական Belarusian: be індаеўрапе́йскі Catalan: ca indoeuropeu Chinese: Cantonese: yue 印歐 Mandarin: cmn 印歐 Czech: cs indoevropský Danish: da indoeuropæisk Dutch: nl Indo-Europees Faroese: fo indoevropeiskur Finnish: fi indoeurooppalainen French: fr indoeuropéen m Galician: gl indoeuropeo m Georgian: ka ინდოევროპული, ka ინდო-ევროპული, ka ინდოგერმანული, ka ინდო-გერმანული German: de indogermanisch, de indoeuropäisch Greek: el ινδοευρωπαϊκός Hebrew: he הודו־אירופי Hindi: hi भारत-यूरोपीय, hi भारोपीय, hi हिंद-यूरोपीय Hungarian: hu indoeurópai Icelandic: is indóevrópskur Irish: ga Ind-Eorpach, ga Ind-Eorpaise Italian: it indoeuropeo m Japanese: ja インドヨーロッパ Indoyōroppa Kazakh: kk үндіеуропалық Korean: ko 인도유럽 ^인도유럽-의 Latin: la Indo-Europaeus m Latvian: lv indoeiropiešu, lv indoeiropeisks Norwegian: Bokmål: nb indoeuropeisk Nynorsk: nn indoeuropeisk Persian: Iranian Persian: fa-ira هِنْدواُروپایی hendo-orupâyi Polish: pl indoeuropejski Portuguese: pt indo-europeu Russian: ru индоевропе́йский Slovak: sk indoeurópsky Spanish: es indoeuropeo Swedish: sv indoeuropeisk Tajik: tg ҳиндуаврупоӣ Turkish: tr Hint-Avrupa Ukrainian: uk індоєвропе́йський of or relating to hypothetical parent language of Indo-European language family Proto-Indo-European Armenian: hy հնդեվրոպական Catalan: ca indoeuropeu Esperanto: eo hindeŭropa Faroese: fo indoevropeiskur Finnish: fi indoeurooppalainen French: fr indoeuropéen m Georgian: ka ინდოევროპული ენა, ka ინდოგერმანული ენა German: de indogermanisch, de urindogermanisch, de indoeuropäisch Icelandic: is indóevrópskur Irish: ga Ind-Eorpach, ga Ind-Eorpaise Latin: la indogermanicus Latvian: lv indoeiropiešu, lv indoeiropeisks Norwegian: Bokmål: nb urindoeuropeisk Nynorsk: nn urindoeuropeisk Polish: pl indoeuropejski Portuguese: pt indo-europeu Swedish: sv indoeuropeisk, sv urindoeuropeisk of or relating to hypothetical group of peoples having spread Indo-European languages Armenian: hy հնդեվրոպական Catalan: ca indoeuropeu Esperanto: eo hindeŭropa Faroese: fo indoevropeiskur Finnish: fi indoeurooppalainen French: fr indoeuropéen Georgian: ka ინდოევროპული, ka ინდოგერმანული German: de indogermanisch, de indoeuropäisch Icelandic: is indóevrópskur Irish: ga Ind-Eorpach Latvian: lv indoeiropiešu, lv indoeiropeisks Norwegian: Bokmål: nb indoeuropeisk Nynorsk: nn indoeuropeisk Polish: pl indoeuropejski Portuguese: pt indo-europeu Swedish: sv indoeuropeisk See also en Aryan Further reading Indo-European en relational adjectives en Language families Indo-European studies