-이-

이 -이 Korean Etymology 1 causativeko causative/passive From ko okm -이〮- -í-, an allomorph of -기〮- -kí- causative/passive-deriving suffix formed by lenition of the initial consonant /k-/ in intervocalic environments. Beyond Middle Korean, the causative is the original meaning as attested in Old Korean, and the passive is a later development from the causative first attested in the written language some time between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries.Vovin Alexander Alexander Vovin Koreo-Japonica: A Re-evaluation of a Genetic Origin University of Hawaii Press 2010 978-0-8248-3278-0 6ko:고대국어의 파생접미사 연구 A study of Old Korean derivational suffixes ko:장윤희 Gugyeol yeon'gu 47 2006 91—144 Pronunciation after vowels: usually a change in vowel quality ko /a/ to /ɛ~e/ ko /ʌ/ to /e/ ko /o/ to /ø~we/ ko /u/ to /y~wi/ Suffix A verbal suffix deriving the stems of causative verbs, attaching to verb or adjective stems which end in a vowel, an aspirate consonant, ko ㄱ, or ko ㄹ. No longer productive. ko -히- -리- -기- -우- -구- -추- ko 먹다 -이- 먹이다 to eat to feed y ko 높다 -이- 높이다 to be high to heighten y ko 나다 -이- 내다 to exit to take out y A verbal suffix deriving the stems of passive verbs, mainly attaching to verb stems ending in a vowel or in an aspirate consonant. No longer productive. ko -히- -리- -기- ko 놓다 -이- 놓이다 to place to be placed y ko 보다 -이- 보이다 to see to be seen y ko 바꾸다 -이- 바뀌다 to change transitive to change, to be changed y Usage notes Although still very common in Korean, the causative/passive suffixes are no longer productive for forming new verbs. Verbs that do not already have a morphological causative or passive must employ auxiliaries: ko -게 하다 for causatives ko -어지다 for passives The causative/passive suffixes ko -이-, ko -히-, ko -리-, and ko -기- all stem from the same etymon, and are fairly complementary in distribution. ko 이 attaches to verb stems which end in a vowel or an aspirate consonant, and (in the case of causative verbs only) to stems ending in ko ㄱ and some of those ending in ko ㄹ. Etymology 2 From ko okm - -ᅌᅵ- -ngì- deferential/self-humbling suffix. See the main entry for more. Suffix ko -으이- polite deferential suffix Post-vowel and post-liquid allomorphic References Middle Korean Alternative forms okm -이〮- -Gí- following okm ㄹ, ㅿ. okm -기〮- following okm ㄴ, ㅁ, ㅅ. okm -히〮- following okm ㄷ, ㅂ. okm -ㅣ이〮- -yí- following okm ㅡ, ㆍ. okm -이〮- -í- in other environments. Etymology 1 okm pure vowel causative suffix okm Pronunciation -이- H Suffix okm suffix -이〮- a verbal suffix deriving causative verbs. okm 먹-다〮 -이〮- 머기〮-다〮 to eat to feed y okm 마ᇨ-다〮 -이〮- 맛디〮-다〮 to take charge to entrust y okm 나-다 -이〮- 내〯-다 to appear to bring forth y okm 들〮-다 -이〮- 드〮리-다〮 to enter to let in y Descendants ko -이- Etymology 2 okm velar causative suffix okm Pronunciation -g이- H Suffix okm suffix -g이〮- a verbal suffix deriving causative verbs. okm 살〯-다〮 -이〮- 살g이〮-다〮 to live to let live y Descendants ko -리- -이-