Svalbard

Svalbarð English thumb|right|300px Etymology en non Svalbarð n probably through Norwegian. From non svalr barð cool edge, brim 1, thus roughly meaning cold shore, probably alluding to the treeless landscape mostly covered with grass. The name was first attested in annales referring to year 1194, but it’s uncertain whether it referred to the modern archipelago. 2020 L. Chekin Svalbarðs fundr : The Place Name Svalbard and Its Connotations in Medieval and Modern Literature and Cartography https://doi.org/10.7557/13.5025 1925 R. Hennig Von rätselhaften Ländern : Versunkene Stätten der Geschichte Cognate with fo Svalbarð, is Svalbarði and no - nn Svalbard. Pronunciation en /ˈsvɑlbɑɹ/ anglicized /ˈsvɑlbɑɹd/ GA en /ˈsvælbɑː/ anglicized /ˈsvælbɑːd/ RP sväl′bärdSval·bard 745 1 en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Svalbard.wav Southern England /ˈsvælbɑːd/ Proper noun en Q25231en archipelago/territory/and/unincorporated area c/Norway *northeast of Greenland, in the Arctic Ocean. en Linda Geddes The dark town that built a giant mirror to deflect the Sun w:BBC https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170314-the-town-that-built-a-mirror-to-catch-the-sun 2017-03-13 Together with Vitterso, she devised a ‘winter mindset questionnaire’ to assess people’s attitudes to winter in Tromso, the Svalbard archipelago and the Oslo area. https://web.archive.org/web/20210813085952/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170314-the-town-that-built-a-mirror-to-catch-the-sun Synonyms en Spitsbergen, en Spitzbergen both dated en Greenland obsolete en Grumant dated Derived terms en Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands en Svalbard reindeer en Svalbardian Translations islands north east of Greenland Arabic: ar سْفَالْبَارْد m sfalbard Armenian: hy Սվալբարդ Belarusian: be Шпіцбе́рген m, be Шпіцбэ́рген m taraškievica Bulgarian: bg Сва́лбард, bg Шпицбе́рген (dated) Chinese: Mandarin: cmn 斯瓦爾巴 Sīwǎ'ěrbā Czech: cs Špicberky p Danish: da Svalbard Dutch: nl Spitsbergen n Esperanto: eo Svalbardo Faroese: fo Svalbarð n Finnish: fi Huippuvuoret p French: fr Svalbard m Georgian: ka შპიცბერგენი, ka სვალბარდი German: de Spitzbergen n remains predominant; de Svalbard n chiefly official Greek: el Σφάλμπαρ m, el Σβάλμπαρντ m Icelandic: is Svalbarði m Italian: it Svalbard Japanese: ja スバールバル Subārubaru, ja スヴァールバル諸島 Suvārubaru shotō Korean: ko ^스발바르 Latin: la Svalbardum Norwegian: Bokmål: nb Svalbard Nynorsk: nn Svalbard Polish: pl Svalbard m-in Portuguese: pt Esvalbarda f Romanian: ro Svalbard n Russian: ru Сва́льбард m, ru Шпицбе́рген m Slovak: sk Špicbergy m-p Spanish: es Svalbard m Swedish: sv Svalbard Turkish: tr Svalbard References Further reading en CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Svalbard Svalbard, CIA World Fact Book 2004 Spitsbergen Spitzbergen German Pronunciation de /ˈsvaːlˌbart/ [ˈsʋaːlˌbaʁt] [-ˌbaɐ̯t] [-ˌbaːt] de De-Svalbard.ogg <<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>) Proper noun toponym de especially official use de Svalbard Q25231 de Spitzbergen<q:remains predominant> Norwegian Bokmål no thumb|The location of Svalbard within Norway and Europe. thumb|An aerial view of Longyearbyen on Spitsbergen. thumb|Nathorstbreen in Svalbard under the midnight sun. Etymology nb ine-pro *swel- nb bʰardʰéh₂ nb non Svalbarð, officially adopted as the Norwegian name of the archipelago in 1925. Before then, nb Spitsbergen was used for both the archipelago and its largest island. The medieval name is recorded in Icelandic annals under the year 1194 in forms such as non Svalbarðs fundr (“discovery of Svalbard”) and non Svalbarði fundinn (“Svalbard found”). Landnámabók likewise mentions non Svalbarði, describing it as lying several days' sailing north of Langanes in Iceland. It is uncertain whether the land referred to in these medieval sources was any part of the modern Svalbard archipelago. The traditional interpretation analyses the name as Old Norse non svalr cool, cold + non barð edge, rim; coast, literally “cold edge” or “cold coast”. non svalr Svalr is from nb gem-pro *swalaz cool; burningly cold, from nb gem-pro *swelaną to burn slowly; create a burningly cold sensation, ultimately from nb ine-pro *swel- to shine, warm up, burn. non barð is from nb gem-pro *bardą, a neuter variant of gem-pro *bardaz beard, ultimately from nb ine-pro *bʰardʰéh₂ beard; in Old Norse, non barð also developed geographical senses referring to an edge, ridge or coast. A different interpretation has been proposed by Leonid S. Chekin, who notes that there were already Icelandic farmsteads named is Svalbarð near the region from which Landnámabók describes the voyage northward. He suggests that the newly encountered Arctic land may have been named after one of these farmsteads rather than independently coined as “cold coast”. Under this interpretation, the traditional analysis of the elements still explains the older Icelandic place name, but not necessarily the motivation for naming the Arctic land. Compare is Svalbarði. Faroese fo Svalbarð is probably a learned borrowing ultimately based on the same Old Norse name, possibly through Norwegian. Pronunciation nb /²sʋɑːl.bar/ [ˈsʋɑ̂ːl.bar] nb ɑːlbar 2 nb Sval bard Proper noun nb proper noun Svalbard; nb archipelago/territory/unincorporated area c/Norway sea/Arctic Ocean Svalbard, north of mainland Norway and east of Greenland, with Longyearbyen as its administrative centre. nb Mange forskere arbeider på Svalbard gjennom vinteren. Many researchers work on Svalbard throughout the winter. nb 17 July 1925 Lov om Svalbard [Svalbardloven] Lovdata https://lovdata.no/lov/1925-07-17-11 Svalbard er en del av kongeriket Norge. Svalbard is part of the Kingdom of Norway. Usage notes nb Spitsbergen was the usual name for the entire archipelago before 1925. Since 1925, nb Svalbard has been the official name of the archipelago, while nb Spitsbergen denotes its largest island. Derived terms nb Svalbardloven Svalbard Act nb svalbardrein Svalbard reindeer nb svalbardrype Svalbard rock ptarmigan nb svalbardsildre Svalbard saxifrage nb Svalbardtraktaten Svalbard Treaty nb svalbardvalmue Svalbard poppy Descendants pl Svalbard 1 pt Svalbard 1 ru Сва́льбард 1 References https://data.npolar.no/placename/08100323-43fd-5a63-bf80-2d151251937a Svalbard Place names in Norwegian polar areas Norwegian Polar Institute en 15 September 2026 Leonid S. Chekin (2020), “Svalbarðs fundr: The Place Name Svalbard and Its Connotations in Medieval and Modern Literature and Cartography”, Nordlit, 45, pages 18–38, 10.7557/13.5025. Norwegian Nynorsk nn: thumb|alt=Longyearbyen with coal power plant and industrial buildings in the foreground with the fjord and bare mountains behind. |Longyearbyen på Svalbard. Etymology nn non Svalbarð n or non Svalbarðr m, from non svalr barð cool edge, brim 1, thus roughly meaning cold shore. See en Svalbard the English entry for more information. Pronunciation nn /²svaːlbaːr/ /²svaːɽbaːɽ/ Proper noun nn proper noun n nn Svalbard Q25231 Derived terms nn svalbardgås<t:pink-footed goose> svalbarding<t:someone from Svalbard> svalbardkol svalbardlaks<t:arctic char><lit:Svalbard salmon> svalbardlomvi<t:thick-billed murre> Svalbardlova<t:the Svalbard Act> svalbardløn svalbardrein<t:Svalbard reindeer> Svalbardrådet svalbardteiste,svalbardteist<t:Cepphus grylle mandtii> Svalbardtraktaten<t:the Svalbard Treaty> svalbardull,svalbardmyrull<t:Eriophorum sorensenii> svalbardvalmue<t:Papaver dahlianum> Related terms nn bard<t:edge> Grumant<ll:dated> Spitsbergen sval<t:cool> Vestspitsbergen Polish pl: thumb|Svalbard Etymology pl :ubor no:Svalbard + 1 Pronunciation LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-Svalbard.wav Proper noun m-in svalbardzki pl Svalbard Q25231 Declension <m.inan.sg> Further reading Portuguese Etymology pt :ubor no:Svalbard + 1 Pronunciation + Proper noun f pt sometimes proscribed pt Esvalbarda Usage notes Esvalbarda Esvalbarde