Kardashev scale

English Etymology en Russian astrophysicist Nikolai Kardashev = 1932 2019. Proper noun 1 A scale that measures the technological level of a civilization by the extent of its energy consumption. en 2012 John R. Shook; Liz Stillwaggon Swan Transformers and Philosophy: More than Meets the Mind Open Court 9780812698145 L4WvVaykjHcC 10 Kardashev scale Let us think of an ethical scale for civilizations in the same spirit as the Kardashev scale. I'll modestly call it the Hall scale. en 2014 Ian Douglas Dark Matter (Star Carrier, Book 5) HarperCollins UK 9780007483785 Earth's civilization during the late twentieth century when the Kardashev scale was first proposed, utilizing roughly 15 terawatts globally, would have been defined as approximately K​0.71. Further reading en Energy Futurology Science fiction Technology