-ие

Bulgarian Alternative forms bg -е reduced bg -ье obsolete Etymology bg nominal :inh cu:-иѥ<ety:inh<sla-pro:*-ьje>> 1 :sla-pro Often, it is unclear whether words are inherited, borrowed from Russian language Russian or Old Church Slavonic, or modern formations modeled on them. Pronunciation [KK] The stress of words with this suffix vary. In some the suffix is stressed, in others – the stem, there are even words that fall under both categories. Suffix bg suffix n Deverbal, forming action or result nouns: -tion, -ance, -ing bg вям to be aware archaic obsolete → bg ведие knowledge obsolete → bg езиковедие linguistics bg въстана to revel → bg въстание uprising bg нарека to call → bg наречие adverb bg примиря се to put up with → bg примирие truce bg участвам to participate → bg участие participation bg допирам to touch, to contact → bg допирие contact, incidence dialectal Derived terms bg -тие bg -ние bg -ствие Suffix bg suffix n Denominal, forming abstract nouns or nouns expressing capacity, state: -th, -ness, -ing From adjectives: bg здрав healthy → bg здраве health bg висок high → bg височие highness bg велик great → bg величие greatness bg цял whole + bg мъдър wise → bg целомъдрие chastity From action, result nouns: bg услов term, claim obsolete → bg условие condition bg зло evil + bg воня odor, stink → bg зловоние stench bg бог god + bg хула insult → bg богохулие blasphemy bg човек human + bg любов love → bg човеколюбие philanthropy From quality, property nouns: bg с- + bg част part → bg щастие fortune bg добро good + bg душа soul → bg добродушие fortune bg благо virtue + bg прилика similarity → bg благоприличие decency bg лихо excess + bg мисъл thought → bg лихомислие fault thinking obsolete From adverbs: bg налице in presence → bg наличие presence, availability bg насила forcefully → bg насилие violence Denominal, forming nouns expressing relationship, way, outcome: -th, -ness, -ing From base words: bg уста mouth → bg устие estuary bg стъбло stem → bg стъблие stemming, branching dialectal Prefixed with bg из- out of: bg из- + bg дело deed → bg изделие product bg из- + bg чедо child → bg изчадие abomination originally meaning “spawn” Prefixed with bg за- trans-, for: bg за- + bg гора forest → bg загорие transylvan area bg за- + bg глава head → bg заглавие chapter, header Prefixed with bg до- to, near: bg до- + bg вяра faith → bg доверие trust, confidence bg до- + bg год year dated → bg догодие remainder of the year dialectal Prefixed with bg с-, bg съ- with: bg съ- + bg звук sound → bg съзвучие consonance bg с- + bg полука reached target, goal dialectal → bg сполучие prosperity Prefixed with bg о-/bg об- about, around: bg о- + bg гърло neck → bg огърлие necklace bg об- + bg ход walk → bg обходие side way obsolete Prefixed with bg на- on, ad-, bg над- above, over: bg на- + bg вечер eve → bg навечерие evening bg над- + bg вес hanging, curtain → bg надвесие arch, dome obsolete Prefixed with bg под- under: bg под- + bg земя earth → bg подземие dungeon bg под- + bg нога foot → bg подножие foothold Prefixed with bg по- by, of: bg по- + bg доба proper time, place → bg подобие resemblance bg по- + bg кор reproach, reprimand archaic → bg покорие submissiveness obsolete Prefixed with bg по- at: bg по- + bg река river → bg поречие riverside area bg по- + bg море river → bg поморие seaside area Prefixed with bg край- nearby bg край- + bg бряг forest → bg крайбрежие coastal area bg край- + bg лес wood → bg крайлесие woodside area Prefixed with bg при- at, bg пре- per, bg про- for: bg при- + bg глас voice → bg пригласие ovation, supporting chatter obsolete bg пре- + bg межда boundary, medium → bg премеждие obstacle, misadventure Forms instrumental nouns (usually tools and weapons) expressing purpose, functionality: From verbal stems: bg копая to ditch → bg копие spear From instrumental nouns: bg пособ mean → bg пособие resource for self-education Prefixes with об-/о-: bg о- + sla-pro *rǫdъ prickly, thorny, shaggy → bg оръдие cannon, instrument bg о- + sla-pro *rǫgъ offense, assault → bg оръжие weaponry Usage notes Often, bg -ие is used in combination with the prefix bg без- without to form abstract concepts expressing lack, non-presence, or shortage: From action nouns: bg власт authority, rule → bg безвластие anarchy bg смърт death → bg безсмъртие immortality bg дело deed, case → bg безделие idleness bg мълва rumour → bg безмълвие muteness From spatial/temporal concepts: bg ред order, array → bg безредие disarray bg хармония harmony → bg безхармоние disharmony bg време time → bg безвремие timelessness bg срок term, deadline → bg безсрочие without deadline From gauge/measurement nouns: bg разлика difference → bg безразличие indifference bg тегло weight → bg безтегловие weightlessness From task/capacity nouns: bg грижа concern → bg безгрижие carelessness bg сила force → bg безсилие impotence, helplessness From substance/phenomenon nouns: bg вода water → bg безводие aridity bg вятър death → bg безветрие windlessness From abstract nouns: bg право right → bg безправие lawlessness bg дар gift, talent → bg бездарие lack of talent From objectifying concepts: bg образ image, form → bg безобразие disgrace bg предмет subject, topic → bg безпредметие lack of topic/reason From perception nouns: bg срам shame → bg безсрамие shamelessness bg страх fear → bg безстрашие fearlessness bg чувство feeling → bg безчувствие numbness bg вкус taste → bg безвкусие tastelessness From perceptive nouns: bg око eye → bg безочие impudence bg ум mind → bg безумие madness, folly bg душа soul → bg бездушие soullessness bg сърце heart → bg безсърдечие heartlessness Related terms bg -ия bg -ей Suffix bg suffix n Forms collective plurals: Of creatures: bg люд person, folk dated obsolete → bg люде people bg нав undead obsolete → bg наве dead spirits obsolete Of natural elements: bg камък stone → bg камъне rocks poetic bg дърво tree → bg дърве trees, wood poetic Forms collective nouns expressing aggregation or clustering: From a plain word: bg грозд grape → bg грозде grape collective bg цвят blossom → bg цвете flower Prefixed with съ-: bg съ- + bg звезда star → bg съзвездие constellation bg съ- + bg цвят blossom → bg съцветие inflorescence Prefixes with об-/о-: bg об- + sla-pro *vilo winding → bg обилие abundance literally: “enveloping → endlessness” bg о- + bg коло wheel obsolete → bg околие surroundings literally: “that is encircled” Prefixed with a numeric term: bg дву- bi- + bg лице face → bg двуличие hypocrisy literally: “two-facedness” bg сто- centi- + bg лято summer → bg столетие century literally: “100 summers” Forms collective nouns expressing extension, span: Derived terms bg -ие bg -е Old East Slavic Etymology orv nom :inh sla-pro:*-ьje<id:nominal> 1 orv sla-pro *-ьje. Cognate with cu -иѥ. Suffix orv suffix Used to form abstract nouns from verbs. orv избити to massacre избитие massacre Declension - и Derived terms orv Descendants zle-ort be -а -е rue -я -а uk -я<id:neuter o-stem> ru -ие -ье -ьё Russian Alternative forms ru -ье Etymology ru :inh orv:-ие ru orv -ие, from ru sla-pro *-ьje. Pronunciation n Suffix ru suffix Abstract noun suffix; forms part of larger suffixes such as ru -е́ние, ru -а́ние, ru -тие, and exists on its own especially as a suffix added to compound words. ru много- many о́браз image многообра́зие variety, diversity ru ма́лый ма́ло- little дух courage малоду́шие cowardice ru плоский пло́ско- flat стопа́ foot плоскосто́пие flatfoot medical condition ru само- self люби́ть to love самолю́бие self-esteem, self-respect ru со- con- звезда́ star созве́здие constellation Usage notes The stress is drawn onto the preceding syllable (as in ru многообра́зие vs. ru о́браз). A velar may turn into a palatal as a result of the Slavic first palatalization (as in ru малоду́шие). Declension -ие Derived terms ru