411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
-le
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
Appendix:Variations of "le"
English
Alternative forms
en -elen which etymologies? all?
Pronunciation
en /əl/ /l̩/
Etymology 1
en frequentative :inh enm:-len 1
From en enm -len, enm -elen, from en ang -lian frequentative verbal suffix, from en gmw-pro *-lōn, from en gem-pro *-lōną frequentative verbal suffix.
Cognate with fy -elje, nl -elen, de -eln, da -le, nb -le, nn -la, sv -la, is -la. Compare en -er.
Suffix
en frequentative A frequentative suffix of verbs, indicating repetition or continuousness:
en assle assle, en buzzle buzzle, en crackle crackle, en cuddle cuddle, en dazzle dazzle, en draggle draggle, en drawl drawl, en dribble dribble, en drizzle drizzle, en fumble fumble, en gamble gamble, en grapple grapple, en handle handle, en jostle jostle, en kissle kissle, en maddle maddle, en mingle mingle, en nestle nestle, en nuzzle nuzzle, en prattle prattle, en quibble quibble, en ramble ramble, en rattle rattle, en ripple ripple, en scribble scribble, en sile sile, en sizzle sizzle, en sniffle sniffle, en snuggle snuggle, en startle startle, en stopple stopple, en suckle suckle, en tattle tattle, en tickle tickle, en topple topple, en waggle waggle, en whemmle whemmle, en wiggle wiggle, en wrestle wrestle
Derived terms
en frequentative
Translations
frequentative suffix
Finnish: fi -ella, fi -skella
Galician: gl -exar
Polish: pl -wać impf
Portuguese: pt -ejar
Spanish: es -ear
Swedish: sv -la
Etymology 2
en adjectival :inh enm:-el 1
From en enm -el, enm -le adjectival, from en ang -el, ang -ol, from en gem-pro *-ulaz and gem-pro *-ilaz adjectival adjective suffixes. Cognate with fy -el, nl -el, nds -el, de -el, is -ill.
Suffix
en adjectival Forming adjectives from verbs with the meaning of "prone to", "tending to", "apt to", "capable of"; compare en -ative:
en battle battle, en breakle breakle, en brittle brittle, en fickle fickle, en forgettle forgettle, en little little, en newfangle newfangle, en nimble nimble, en wankle wankle
Etymology 3
en diminutive
en noun
From en enm -el agent suffix agentive, from a combination of two suffixes:
en ang -el, ang -il diminutive suffix, from en gem-pro *-ilaz diminutive suffix.
en ang -el, ang -ol, enm -ul agent suffix, from en gem-pro *-ilaz agent suffix. Cognate with fy -el, nl -el, nds -el, de -el.
Alternative forms
en -el
Suffix
en diminutive suffixes
en diminutive Forming diminutives from other nouns.
en suffixes -cule -ee<id:diminutive> -el -et -ette -icle -ie -kin -let -ling -ole -ule -y prefixes mini- micro- nano-
en dump dimple
en dung dingle
en hatch hatchel
en hose hosel
en howf hovel
en gome gomeral
en corn kernel
en new newel
en nose nozzle
en puck puckle
en turd treddle
Forming agent nouns from verbs:
en beadle beadle, en beetle beetle, en bridle bridle, en bundle bundle, en cripple cripple, en fettle fettle, en girdle girdle, en ladle ladle, en losel losel, en runnel runnel, en shovel shovel, en spindle spindle, en spittle spittle, en steeple steeple, en stile stile, en stopple stopple, en thimble thimble, en tool tool, en towel towel, en trundle trundle
Derived terms
en diminutive
en dottle
en piffle
Derived terms
Terms unsorted by etymology:
en
Anagrams
en el -el EL El el
en unproductive suffixes
Basque
Alternative forms
eu -tzaile see usage notes
Suffix
eu suffix
Forms agent noun from verbs.
eu ikasi study ikasle student
Usage notes
It is used with verbs ending in -i preceded by a sibilant or -r(r)- and verbs ending in -n. If the sibilant is an affricate, it is reduced to a fricative.
eu idatzi write idazle writer
eu irakatsi teach irakasle teacher
eu irakurri read irakurle reader
eu egin do, make egile maker
For other verbs the alternative form eu -tzaile is used.
Derived terms
eu
Cimbrian
Etymology
From a reduced form of cim gmh -līn. Compare yi ־ל.
Suffix
cim suffix diminutive suffixes
forms diminutives
Derived terms
cim
Finnish
Etymology 1
fi diminutive
fi -la -l(a) diminutive -e
Pronunciation
*
Suffix
nounfi diminutive suffixes
Forms diminutive nouns.
Declension
-l a
-l ä
Derived terms
fi diminutive
References
Etymology 2
See the main entry.
Pronunciation
*
Suffix
noun adjective fi dialectal
fi -lle
fi Kertomuksia Suomen Historiasta J. Krohn 1878 9789525774023 Keisarilainen sotawoima riensi kaupungile awuksi ja ankara tappelu syttyi sen likellä. The imperial military came in haste to aid the town, and violent combat erupted near it.
fi Kreisland Rosa Liksom 1996 9789510360163 Siinä nirppanokkanen kotifrouva istu kiitävässä avoautossa ja sano J. Edgar Hooverin näkselle miehele: »Tämä on unta.» There sat a stuck up housewife in a dashing convertible and said to a man that looked like J. Edgar Hoover: "This is a dream."
German
Etymology
From de gmh -elīn, gmh -līn, from de goh -ilī, goh -ilīn.
Pronunciation
de [lə]
de LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--le.wav
de De--le.ogg <<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>)
Suffix
de noun-forming suffixes suffix diminutive suffixes
de chiefly dialectal suffix used to create a diminutive form; e.g., Haus → Häusle
Derived terms
de Brünnele Häusle Kätzle Krämle Ländle Mädle Säckle Späßle Spätzle<g:p>
See also
de -i
de -chen
de -lein
Ingrian
Pronunciation
-l'e
Particle
izh particle clitics
izh -lee
Italian
Pronoun
it pronoun it enclitic
it le
it dare to give → it darsi darle to give them; to give for her
it vendere to sell → it vendersi venderle to sell them; to sell to her
it servire to serve → it servirsi servirle to serve them; to serve to her
it Old Italian only in -gliele it lo//la//li//le
2 8 se monsignor lo revolesse del tuo amore alcun piacere, negherestigliele tu?
Usage notes
Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive accusative forms when the object is third plural feminine person and the dative form when the object is third singular feminine person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
it -are → it -arle
it -ere → it -erle
it -ire → it -irle
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
it introdurre to introduce → it introdurre introdurle to introduce them; to insert in her
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -le.
In older Italian, by assimilation, the m preceding the ⟨l⟩ of the enclitic may become dental (m → n) in the apocopic first person plural: lasciam(o)le → lascianle. Compare it sommi contraction.
Anagrams
it el el
Latin
Suffix
la suffix form
la -lus voc m s
Malay
Pronunciation
Suffix
ms colloquial ms -lah
ms 31-7-2024 IkanBaracudda 1818660506259144725 https://archive.ph/HkRiO#selection-523.0-523.94 7-2-2026 Benda jadi kes mahkamah dik. Biarle mahkamah buat keje, takkan nak suh menteri jadi hakim plk. The thing is it becomes a court case, kid. Let the court do its job, you don't want to ask the ministers to be the judge, do you?
Middle English
Etymology 1
Suffix
enm suffix 1
enm -el adjectival suffix adjectival
Etymology 2
Suffix
enm suffix 1
enm -el agentive suffix agentive
Etymology 3
Suffix
enm suffix 1
enm -el diminutive suffix diminutive
Etymology 4
Suffix
enm suffix 1
enm -ly adjectival adjectival suffix
Etymology 5
Suffix
enm suffix 1
enm -ly adverbial adverbial suffix
Mwan
Suffix
moa suffix
nominalising suffix
Old English
Pronunciation
-le
Suffix
ang suffix form
ang -el dat sg
Romanian
Pronunciation
ro /le/
Etymology 1
ro la -a -ae first-declension ending, with intrusive l.
Suffix
ro suffix
ro in the plural -s ro feminine/neuter
Usage notes
This form of the plural is indefinite, and used for feminine nouns in the nominative/accusative and genitive/dative cases which end in a stressed vowel, or is monosyllabic:
zile, from zi, fem.
basmale, from basma, fem.
cafele, from cafe, fem.
Alternative forms
ro -e
Etymology 2
ro :inh la:ille + 1
Suffix
ro suffix
ro variant -l: the definite article
Usage notes
This form of the definite article is used for both masculine and neuter singular nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which end in -e, whom earlier in Latin were third declension nouns:
ro fratele, from ro frate, from ro la frāter frātrem, masc.
ro numele, from ro nume, from ro la nōmen, neut.
ro muntele, from ro munte, from ro la mōns mōntem, masc.
Etymology 3
ro la illae, nominative feminine plural of la ille.
Suffix
ro suffix
definite article the ro feminine/neuter plural, nominative and accusative
Usage notes
This form of the definite article is used for both feminine and neuter plural nouns in the nominative and accusative cases
amintirile, from amintiri, fem.
visurile, from visuri, neut.
Note that this suffix is also added to indefinite feminine plurals in ro -le:
zilele, from zile, fem.
basmalele, from basmale, fem.
cafelele, from cafele, fem.
The suffix is also used with feminine plural adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies:
caldele plăcinte, from plăcintele calde (both meaning, "the warm pies")
Related terms
ro 0 -l<qq:masculine/neuter singular nominative and accusative> -a<qq:feminine singular nominative and accusative> -i<qq:masculine/neuter plural nominative and accusative> -lui<qq:masculine/neuter singular genitive and dative> -ei<qq:feminine singular genitive and dative> -lor<qq:plural genitive and dative>
Scots
Pronunciation
sco [ʌl] [əl] [l]
Etymology 1
From sco enm -el, enm -le, from sco ang -el, ang -ol adjective suffix, from sco gem-pro *-ulaz adjective suffix.
Suffix
sco suffix
used for forming adjectives signifying 'having a tendency to' or 'able to'; e.g. sco forgettle, sco smittle, sco fodgle
Etymology 2
Suffix
sco suffix
a contracted form of sco full; e.g. sco cairtle cartful, cart-load, sco cogle bowlful
Etymology 3
sco frequentative :inh enm:-elen<id:frequentative> 1
From sco enm -elen, enm -len, enm -lien, from sco ang -lian frequentative verbal suffix, from sco gem-pro *-lōną frequentative verbal suffix.
Suffix
sco suffix diminutive suffixes
frequentative or diminutive suffix, added to verbs
forms adverbs implying direction towards
Spanish
Pronunciation
Suffix
es suffix
Used in interjections.
es concha cónchale
Derived terms
es
Swabian
Etymology
From a reduced form of swg gmh -līn. Compare yi ־ל.
Suffix
swg suffix n
Used to form diminutives.
Turkish
Etymology 1
tr :inh trk-pro:*-le verbalizer
tr trk-pro *-le suffix forming denominal verbs. Possibly related to xgn-pro *-le and tuw-pro *-le.
Pronunciation
tr /ˈle/
Suffix
la le
tr suffix form
Suffix appended to nouns to derive verbs with various meanings.
tr alkış la alkışlamak applause to applaud
tr temiz temizlemek clean to clean
Derived terms
tr verb
Etymology 2
tr :from ile with
From tr ile.
Pronunciation
tr /le/
Suffix
la le y
tr suffix form inflectional
with, shortened form of tr ile
annemle okula gidiyorum
I am going to school with my mother
by, shortened form of tr ile
Okula otobüsle gidiyorum
I am going to school by bus
Usage notes
If it's added to a proper noun, it must be used with an apostrophe.
Zafer'le - with Zafer.
Emre'yle'' - with Emre.
Unlike most Turkish suffixes, this suffix is always unstressed; the stress in the combined word remains where it was in the word before suffixing.
Derived terms
tr