Durendal

English Alternative forms en Durandal Etymology en fro Durendal, of debated origin. See there for more. Pronunciation en /ˈdɜ.ɹɛnˌdɒl/ /dəˈɹɛn.dəl/ RP en /ˈdɝ.ənˌdɑl/ /dəˈɹɛn.dəl/ GA Proper noun s en mythology In the Matter of France, the legendary sword of the paladin Roland, said to be indestructible. Coordinate terms legendary French swords en Almace en Cortana en Hauteclere en Joyeuse en Précieuse en Weapons French Alternative forms en Durandal en Durandart en Durandarde Etymology fr fro Durendal, of debated origin. Pronunciation Proper noun f fr mythology en Durendal legendary sword of Roland Coordinate terms legendary French swords en Almace en Courtain en Hauteclere en Joyeuse en Precieuse fr Weapons Old French Alternative forms fro Durandal fro Durindal fro Durandart fro Dirondart fro Durendard Etymology Uncertain. The first syllable is likely derived from, or cognate with, fro dur hard, harsh. Linguist Gerhard Rohlfs believes Durendart to be the original form, and interprets it as a phrase, fro dur hard + end ("out of," cf. Latin la ex-) + fro ardoir art it burns, "hard it burns out" or "a terrible flame bursts from it." Gustav Beckmann agrees with the identification of Durendart, further claiming the change in suffix was motivated by poetic words for "sword" becoming feminine, but instead suggests a derivation from the personal name fro Durand ("enduring," from Latin la duro) + art ("name-forming suffix"), which he credits to French onomastician Albert Dauzat. Non-French origins have also been proposed. Quranic scholar James A. Bellamy and Spanish dialectologist Álvaro Galmés de Fuentes both suggest similar derivations from Arabic language Arabic: ذُو الْجَنْدَل (ḏū l-jandal, "master of stone") and ذُو اَلْأَنْضَر (ḏū l-ʔanḍar, "possessor of brilliance") respectively. These are based on the particle ar ذو ذُو possessor, owner which occurs in many Arabic epithets, including the sword Zulfiqar. Pronunciation fro /dy.rɛn.dal/ early fro /dy.rã.dal/ late Proper noun fro pn m,f fro mythology en Durendal legendary sword of Roland fro La chanson de Rollant The Song of Roland Bodelian Library, MS. Digby 23, part 2 author unknown Oxford University of Oxford c. 1125 20 recto 75 1074-1082 https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/79097275-ef1d-4107-85d3-e8402120f365/ "Ne placet Deu," ço li respunt Rollant"Que ço seit dit de nul hume vivant,Ne pur paien, que ja seie cornant!Ja n’en avrunt reproece mi parent!Quant jo serai en la bataille grantE jo ferrai e mil colps e cenz,De Durendal verrez l’acer sanglent.Franceis sunt bon, si ferrunt vassalment,Ja cil d’Espaigne n’avrunt de mort guarant." "God forbid," responded Roland to him"Let it be said by no living manThat it was for pagans I blew my horn!I will not bring dishonor upon my kin!When I am in the great battleI shall strike hundreds and thousands of blowsOf Durendal you will see its bloodied blade.The French are good men, they will fight as vassalsThese Spaniards will not be stayed from death." Usage notes Chiefly feminine (probably by comparison with fro espee), such as in the Oxford manuscript, but otherwise of ambiguous gender due to its nonstandard suffix. References en 2023 Onomastics of the "Chanson de Roland": Or: Why Gaston Paris and Joseph Bédier were both right Gustav A. Beckmann Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG Linda Archibald https://books.google.com/books?id=HXPEEAAAQBAJ 9783110764468 fro Weapons