-अयति

Sanskrit Alternative scripts Pronunciation 1 Etymology 1 sa causative suffix :inh ine-pro:*-éyeti<id:causative suffix> sa inc-pro *-áyati, from sa iir-pro *-áyati, from sa ine-pro *-éyeti *(o)-éyeti. Cognate with ae -𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌, la -eō -et causative (from itc-pro *-eō *-ēt), gem-pro *-janą *-ī̆þi, and sla-pro *-iti. Suffix -अय॑ति causative suffix Usage notes This suffix was associated with an increase in the gradation of the root vowel to vṛddhi in open syllables. For example, from sa मृ die, there is the present sa मरति to die (in guṇa) and the causative sa मारयति to kill to cause to die (in vṛddhi). An entirely new verbal paradigm could be formed from the causative by basing a seṭ root on sa -अय्-. For example, sa मारयिष्यति will cause to die and sa मिमारयिषति wants to cause to die desiderative of causative. This was particularly common when the causative had developed new senses independent of the root. The periphrastic perfect was used (e.g. sa मारयां चकार), a thematic aorist was formed via reduplication with a prefix typically in -ī- (e.g. sa अमीमरत् ámīmarat), and the past participle dropped the causative marker and took sa -इत in the vṛddhi grade (e.g. sa मारित slain). It was also possible to apply this causative suffix upon other secondary conjugations, like the desiderative ("causes to want to do ...") or intensive ("causes to frequently do ..."). In modern descendant languages, this suffix itself has merged with the regular thematic class, leaving only vestiges, though the usage of the vṛddhi grade to increase valence remains. For example, hi मरना to die (< sa मरति dies) with transitive hi मारना to beat (< sa मारयति slays). It was eclipsed over the course of Middle Indo-Aryan by the related suffix sa -आपयति. Conjugation pres -áyati impf -ayat Derived terms sa See also :Category:Sanskrit class 10 verbs Related terms sa -आ॒पय॑ति -यति॑<pos:denominative> -यते॑<pos:passive> Descendants pi -एति -अयति (see Pali seventh conjugation verbs) inc-ash -𑀏𑀢𑀺 -𑀅𑀬𑀢𑀺 (as in inc-ash 𑀅𑀭𑀥𑁂𑀢𑀺 < sa आराधयति) pra -एइ -एदि See also sa -सति desiderative Etymology 2 sa intransitive suffix sa inc-pro *-áyati, from sa iir-pro *-áyati, from sa ine-pro *-éh₁yeti or ine-pro *-éyeti *(Ø)-éyeti. Suffix -अय॑ति forms present verbs from roots sa कृप् -अय॑ति कृ॒पय॑ति<t:to mourn; to lament> Usage notes Generally added to the unmodified verbal root, and the resulting verbs are often intransitive. Rare in later Sanskrit. References 317