-ter

Appendix:Variations of "ter" Cornish Etymology Variant of kw -der. From kw cel-pro *-teros, from kw ine-pro *-teros. Compare cy -ter. Suffix m ~ r Forms abstract nouns kw gwag empty gwakter vacuum kw bras large braster size Derived terms kw Latin Alternative forms la -iter, la -er Etymology la :inh ine-pro:*-teros<unc> adverb suffix Perhaps ultimately from the nominative masculine singular of contrastive adjectives in la ine-pro *-teros, later used more generally; perhaps extended from the suffix in prepositions like la inter, la praeter. Cognate with grc -τερος. Pronunciation Suffix -ter -ly; used to form adverbs from adjectives. Usage notes The suffix -ter forms an adverb of manner from a positive adjective or participle—in most cases, one belonging to the third declension. It is not used in comparative or superlative adverbs. Comparative adverbs are formed directly from comparative adjectives by using the neuter accusative singular form ending in la -ius as an adverbial accusative. Superlative adverbs are formed directly from superlative adjectives by adding the suffix la -ē (which usually but not always produces a form ending in la -issimē). Adjectives with a nominative singular in -ns and genitive singular in -ntis form adverbs in -nter rather than in *-ntiter, such as la prūdenter intelligently, wisely, from la prūdēns knowing, experienced: this can be considered a form of haplology. Otherwise, third-declension adjectives generally form adverbs in -iter, such as la celeriter swiftly, immediately from la celer fast, swift. The -i- before the -ter can be analyzed either as part of the suffix (dividing the word as celer-iter, where -iter is an allomorph of -ter) or as part of the adjective's stem (dividing the word as celeri-ter, where -i- is the stem-final vowel seen also in some inflected forms like the neuter nominative/accusative plural celeri-a). Alternatively, -i- in this context can be analyzed as a connecting vowel that comes between the stem and the suffix.A Grammar of the Latin Language by C. G. Zumpt, translated by Leonhard Schmitz, Fourth Ed., 1855, page 223 "Adverbs in ter"Latin Suffixes, by John Tahourdin White, 1858, page 138 Further examples of regularly formed adverbs: la dissimulanter dissemblingly, secretly, from la dissimulāns, present active participle of la dissimulō dissemble, conceal la adverbiāliter adverbially, from la adverbiālis adverbial la fortiter strongly, powerfully, from la fortis strong, powerful la nātūrāliter naturally, from la natura nātūrālis natural There are only a few adverbs formed without -i- from adjectives not ending in -ns, -ntis: la audācter boldly, audaciously, fearlessly, from la audāx bold, audacious, daring la simulter, from la similis la faculter, la difficulter, la indifficulter, from la facilis, la difficilis la sollerter, la sōlerter, from la sollers, la sōlers la inerter, from la iners The suffix -iter was sometimes added to a second-declension stem, although la -ē and la -ō were more commonly used in such situations. Examples: la avāriter greedily, from la avārus greedy la circiter round about, from la circus circle la dūriter roughly, harshly, from la dūrus rough, harsh Synonyms -ly la -ē, la -ō Descendants pro -tre (possibly) See also la References Welsh Alternative forms cy -der Etymology From cy cel-pro *-teros comparative suffix143 iii (9), from cy ine-pro *-teros. Cognate with kw -ter. Pronunciation cy /tɛr/ /dɛr/ cy-N,standard,colloquial cy /tar/ /dar/ cy-N,colloquial cy /tɛr/ /dɛr/ cy-S Usage notes /tɛr/ and /dɛr/ are variants of the same suffix. /tɛr/ (phonetically [tʰɛr]) is always spelt cy -ter whereas /dɛr/ is represented by cy -ter after an unvoiced fricative (phonetically [tɛr]) and by cy -der after other voiced sounds (phonetically [dɛr]). Suffix cy suffix m plural -terau forming abstract nouns, -ness, -ment cy craff observant, astute craffter astuteness cy gwag empty gwacter emptiness cy pell far pellter distance Derived terms cy References Further reading