-нуть

Appendix:Variations of "nut" Russian Etymology ru sla-pro *-nǫti. Pronunciation -нуть y -ну́ть y Suffix ru suffix -нуть -ну́ть verb-forming suffixes suffix used to create primary imperfective intransitive verbs suffix used to create derived perfective verbs, most of which are semelfactive Usage notes There are two related verbal suffixes. One variant suffix forms primary verbs (i.e. verbs formed directly from a root), and the other variant forms secondary verbs (i.e. verbs originally derived from other terms, although this may no be longer be obvious), usually with a semelfactive meaning, i.e. with the meaning "to do something once". The properties and conjugations of the two variants are distinct: The primary (type-1) suffix is always unstressed. It forms verbs that are imperfective when unprefixed (perfective when prefixed, as usual), and are usually intransitive. The ru -н of the suffix tends to disappear in the past tense. Examples: ru ги́бнуть to die, to perish ru мёрзнуть to freeze ru блёкнуть to fade, to pale ru ли́пнуть to stick ru сты́нуть to wither, to cool down ru -ве́ргнуть to throw (only prefixed) The secondary (type-2) suffix may be stressed or unstressed. It forms intransitive and transitive verbs, which are perfective when unprefixed. The ru -н of the suffix is present in all tenses. Examples: ru дви́нуть to move (something) ru тяну́ть to pull ru хлебну́ть to swallow a mouthful of (something) Note, for example, the following contrasts: type 1 past masc past fem type 2 past masc past fem imperfective ru дро́гнуть to freeze, to feel cold ru дрог/ru дро́гнул ru дро́гла perfective ru дро́гнуть to shiver, to shake ru дро́гнул ru дро́гнула imperfective ru па́хнуть to smell (of), to have a smell ru пах/ru па́хнул ru па́хла perfective ru пахну́ть to puff, to blow ru пахну́л ru пахну́ла prefixed perfective ru промо́кнуть to get wet, to get soaked ru промо́к ru промо́кла prefixed perfective ru промокну́ть to blot (paper) ru промокну́л ru промокну́ла Conjugation primary: impf-intr 3°a -нуть secondary (often semelfactive): pf 3a+p -нуть or 3b+p -ну́ть Derived terms ru