411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
'n
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
ʼn Appendix:Variations of "n"
English
Pronunciation
en /n/ [n̩]
Etymology 1
en and.
Conjunction
conj
en 'n'.
fish n chips
rock n roll
en Arthur D[ouglas] Howden Smith The Ferryman Commodore Vanderbilt: An Epic of American Achievement New York, N.Y. Robert M[edill] McBride & Company 1927 III 50–51 https://archive.org/details/commodorevanderb00smit/page/50/mode/1up “Might think we was brother n sister, to hear ye, Ma! Damn me to glory, don't ye know thar's fust cousins marryin' every week? And no harm come of it.” “Oh, son, not in the face of Pa n me that love you, whatever you think! We're only tryin' to figger for your own good.”
Etymology 2
Conjunction
conj
en than.
en 1865 Mark Twain The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County The feller took the box again, and took another long, particular look, and give it back to Smiley, and says, very deliberate, "Well, I don't see no p'ints about that frog that's any bettern any other frog."
en 1969 Anne Warner Susan Clegg and her friend Mrs. Lathrop 87 She says you may laugh 'f you feel so inclined, but there ain't no such big difference between your leg 'n' a dead rat but what it 'll pay you to mark her words. She says 'f it don't do no more n eat the skin off it 'll still be pretty hard for you to lay there without no skin 'n' feel the plaster goin' in more 'n' more.
en 2004 w:Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door Intelligent Systems Nintendo GameCube Glitzville Nintendo of America lock this room up tighter n a peanut butter jar at a squirrel convention
en 2010 Arnan Heyden Daughters of Agendale 228 What I can give ya is this bit o' knowledge: there be things in this world that no one can explain. There are things bigger n mountains, bigger 'n oceans, bigger 'n fields an' night skies filled with stars, bigger 'n kings, or queens…
Etymology 3
Conjunction
conj
en archaic en when as found in en if'n.
Etymology 4
Noun
en colloquial en 'un one, a thing.
en 2009 Mariella Glenn Hartsfield Tall Betsy and Dunce Baby: South Georgia Folktales 104 The other said, "Alright, I'm gonna do it like this: you take thisn, I'll take thatn; you take thisn, I'll take thatn;
en 2012 Liza Cody Musclebound 15 Which really did turn into a headache when I woke up — a badn.
Etymology 5
Preposition
en preposition
en archaic en in as found in en where'n.
See also
en off'n
en clitics apheretic forms
Afrikaans
ʼn
Etymology
From af nl een een, 'n.
Pronunciation
af /ə/
af LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-'n.wav
Article
af article indefinite
af indefinite article en a, en an
Usage notes
This word is not capitalized at the beginning of a sentence and the following word is capitalized instead.
Asturian
Preposition
ast preposition
ast superseded ast en
ast Toi viviendon Cangues I'm living in Cangues
Usage notes
While this contraction still reflects the elision that often occurs in en when it is between a word ending in a vowel and a word beginning in a consonant, this spelling was dropped by the Academy of the Asturian Language in 1990. Thus, the normative spelling of the above example is now Toi viviendo en Cangues.
See also
ast n'
ast 'l
Bavarian
Etymology 1
Merged unstressed form of bar an and bar en or bar den.
Article
bar article m
a accusative
the accusative
See also
Etymology 2
Unstressed form of bar eam.
Pronoun
bar pronoun personal pronouns
him
it dative
See also
Catalan
Pronoun
ca ne
Usage notes
reduced
Declension
Cornish
Etymology 1
Determiner
kw det
en his
Pronoun
kw pron
en him
kw Hi a'n kwelas. She saw him.
Etymology 2
From kw 'gan.
Pronoun
kw pron
Reduced form of kw 'gan
See also
Dutch
Pronunciation
nl /ən/
nl Nl-'n.ogg
Article
nl article
nl een
Usage notes
If n begins a sentence, the first letter of the following word is capitalised instead.
Franco-Provençal
Determiner
frp determiner form
frp un
German
Alternative forms
de n non-standard
Pronunciation
de /n̩/ /ən/
de /m̩/ often before a labial /ŋ̍/ often before a velar
Etymology 1
de ein. Like virtually all traditional German dialects, colloquial standard German distinguishes the indefinite article from the numeral for "one". The specific form de 'n has spread from the North southward and is thus of chiefly de nds - origin. Most High German dialects use forms without the final -n, such as [ə] or [a], at least for the basic form (i.e. the masculine and neuter nominative). These pronunciations are sometimes heard in colloquial standard German as well, but de 'n is clearly the commonest form.
Article
de article
de colloquial de ein a, an
de colloquial de einen a, an
Declension
de 'nem
de 'nen
de 'ne
de 'ner
Derived terms
de so'n
Etymology 2
Contraction of de denn.
Adverb
de colloquial short for de denn (used for general emphasis)
de Wann wärstn hier? So, when would you be here?
Italian
Etymology 1
Preposition
it preposition
it literary it in
it colloquial it in
Etymology 2
Article
it article m
it colloquial it un
Numeral
it numeral m
it colloquial it un
Etymology 3
Adverb
it it colloquial it non
Ligurian
Etymology
Apheresis of lij un a, an article.
Pronunciation
lij /ŋ/ when followed by a consonant
lij /n/ when followed by a vowel
Article
lij article m feminine 'na, 'n'
a, an male
Low German
Article
nds article
nds den
Pronoun
nds pronoun
nds en
North Frisian
Pronoun
frr pronoun
frr Föhr-Amrum Mooring frr Reduced form ham him
frr Sylt frr Reduced form höm him
See also
Sicilian
Etymology
Apheresis of scn in, from scn la in.
Pronunciation
scn /ŋ/ when followed by a consonant
scn /n/ when followed by a vowel
Preposition
scn preposition
in
Welsh
Pronunciation
cy /n/
Etymology 1
Particle
cy particle
cy yn used after a vowel
cy Mae hin darllen. She is reading. 1
cy Mae hin gysglyd. She is sleepy. 1
cy Mae hin ferch. She is a girl. 1
Etymology 2
cy ein our.
Determiner
cy determiner possessive determiners triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel
our used after vowels.
cy Dynan harian ni. That's our money.
Pronoun
cy pronoun personal pronouns triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel
us as the direct object of a verbal noun or verb
cy Mae e yma in harfarnu. He's here to appraise us.
cy Fen magwyd yng ngefn gwlad. We were brought up (lit. One brought us up) in the countryside.
Usage notes
In formal Welsh, the contraction cy 'n is a valid form of cy ein found after mostly functional vowel-final words. In colloquial Welsh, cy ein is often contracted to cy 'n after almost any vowel-final word.
Pronomial cy 'n (and cy ein) can occur before any verbal noun. Before verbal, pronomial cy 'n is found only in formal language after certain vowel-final preverbal particles, such as cy fe, cy a, cy ni, cy na, cy oni and cy pe.
Further reading
Zealandic
Etymology
An unstressed variety of zea eên.
Determiner
zea determiner
a (indefinite article)