-더

더 -더- Korean Etymology Shortened from ko -이더, variant pronunciation of ko -이다 politeness-attaching particle, grammaticalized from the copula ko -이다 to be. Pronunciation ko [dɤ~də] Particle particle ko Changwon _ Gyeongsang A vocative case marker showing respect for the addressee without conceding one's own social status. ko -아 self-assertive -이더 self-humbling ko ^김-서방-더, 오데 가-요? Mr. Kim, where are you going? (from Lee 2005, p. 225) References ko ko:국어 방언의 조사 체계 The particle systems of Korean dialects 2000 Eoneohak 27 201—233 ko 이기갑 (Yi Ki-gap)