Pei-p'ing

Peiping English thumb|PEI-P’ING (PEIPING) zh 北平 (1954) Alternative forms en Peiping also from _ Wade-Giles en Beiping also from _ Pinyin Etymology From en cmn-wadegiles - romanization of en cmn 北平 Pei³-pʻing².en Brian Hook 1982 Selected Glossary The Cambridge Encyclopedia of China https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo00hook/ Cambridge University Press 0521230993 81-9927 781411242 476, 483 https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo00hook/page/483/ The glossary includes a selection of names and terms from the text in the Wade-Giles transliteration, followed by Pinyin,Pei-p'ing (Beiping) zh 北平en 2017 Languages Other than English The Chicago Manual of Style Seventeenth https://archive.org/details/chicagomanualofs0017unse/ University of Chicago Press 10.7208/cmos17 2017020712 988171830 652 https://archive.org/details/chicagomanualofs0017unse/page/652/ Wade-Giles Postal atlas PinyinPei-ching (Pei-p’ing) Peking (Peiping) Beijing Proper noun 1 1 en Peiping. en 1935 L. C. Arlington Introduction In Search of Old Peking https://archive.org/details/insearchofoldpek0000arli/ 2015 9781927077214 907565890 xii https://archive.org/details/insearchofoldpek0000arli/page/n19/ In 1928, when the Nationalist Government removed the capital to Nanking, Peking once more became merely a provincial town under the name Pei-p’ing, as in the first Ming period. en https://archive.org/details/china20wenl/ 1944 China A. G. Wenley; John A. Pope Lord Baltimore Press 6 https://archive.org/details/china20wenl/page/6/ Pei-p'ing (Peking) has many times been the capital of China and in recent centuries has been the center of intellectual and cultural activities. en https://archive.org/details/atlasofmanhiswor0000carp/ 1979 Shirley Carpenter Atlas of Man and His World Aldus Books 0 87196 412 0 124 https://archive.org/details/atlasofmanhiswor0000carp/page/124/ The capital, Ulan Bator, has been linked by rail with the Trans-Siberian Railway at Ulan-Ude and with Pei-p'ing (Peking) in the south. en 2005 w:Lothar Ledderose Dong Qichang Tung Ch’i-ch’ang’s Treasure Trove 董其昌的寶藏 故宮學術季刊 https://web.archive.org/web/20230329104546/https://www.npm.gov.tw/NewChineseArtDownload.ashx?bid=3705 29 March 2023 23 1 1011-9094 11409618 416 In Berlin Kümmel avidly collected the pertinent new literature published in Shanghai and by the Palace Museum in Pei-p’ing after its foundation in 1925. en 2007 Lahui Ako Beijing Sheng Into the 21st Century Lahui Ako's Upstream Through Endless Sands of Blessings https://archive.org/details/lahuiakosupstrea0000akol/ CBS Publishers & Distributors 81-239-1444-X 191030687 508 https://archive.org/details/lahuiakosupstrea0000akol/page/508/ Later on during the reigns of the first two emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) Nanjing became their capital, and the old Mongol capital in the north was renamed Pei-p’ing (Northern peace). The third Ming emperor, however, restored it as the imperial seat of the dynasty and gave it a new name “Beijing” (northern capital).Since then, Beijing has remained the capital of China except for a brief period between 1928 and 1949 when Chiang Kai Shek’s Nationalist government moved the capital down to Nanjing again (although the capital was again relocated to Chungqing during WWII). During that time, Beijing again assumed the old name of Pei-p’ing which, ironically, is still used by the Nationalist government in Taiwan when referring to this city. en 2011 R. Conrad Stein World War II in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Nagasaki https://archive.org/details/worldwariiinpaci0000stei/ w:Enslow Publishers 978-0-7660-3640-6 2009053659 496595580 17 https://archive.org/details/worldwariiinpaci0000stei/page/17/ In 1937, an ancient stone bridge, named after the explorer Marco Polo, that spanned a river near the Chinese city of Pei-p’ing (now Beijing) became part of history. en August 06, 2012 w:James Fallows Chas W. Freeman Jr. Chas Freeman Chas Freeman on Why People Say 'Beizhing' https://web.archive.org/web/20120807002846/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/08/chas-freeman-on-why-people-say-beizhing/260724/ 07 August 2012 w:The Atlantic At the conclusion of the 1926 - 28 "northern expedition," Chiang proclaimed victory and renamed Beijng as "Beiping" ("northern peace"). In the Wade-Giles orthography that prevailed at the time, this was written "Pei-p'ing." Westerners naturally pronounced that as "Pay Ping." John Foster Dulles and others, having been influenced by the "China Lobby," (some of which understood the political subtleties of the Chinese language involved) adamantly enforced the use of Pei-p'ing as the name of the (bogus) capital of the (Soviet puppet) People's Republic of China on pain of political chastisement. Saying "Peking" was career-threatening.When I joined the Foreign Service in 1965, I was duly counseled to avoid the use of Peking and to say Pei-p'ing instead. References en Beijing