-ник

ник Appendix:Variations of "nik" Bulgarian Etymology bg agentive suffix :inh cu:-ьникъ :sla-pro 1 Pronunciation ник Suffix bg suffix m noun-forming suffixes From base concept nouns, forms agent nouns who execute, embark on or embody the referred concept bg път пъ́тник road traveler bg мете́ж мете́жник riot rioter bg ра́бота рабо́тник work worker bg смях смешни́к laughter funnyman, clown bg ум умни́к mind, reason wise man, know-it-all bg затво́р затво́рник jail inmate bg па́кост па́костник mischief mischievous boy From base object nouns, forms derivative object nouns bg свещ све́щник candle candelabrum bg вест ве́стник a piece of news newspaper bg пот по́тник sweat tank top bg сбор сбо́рник sum, aggregate collection, anthology From prepositions, forms subject nouns exhibiting the specified proposition bg проти́в проти́вник against opponent bg над на́дник over, above daily wage dialectal, meaning shifted from "bonus" bg зад за́дник behind ass, butt Derived terms bg Related terms bg -ик bg -еник bg -аник Macedonian Etymology mk sla-pro *-ьnikъ. Pronunciation 1 Suffix mk suffix noun-forming suffixes Suffix appended to nominal stems to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature. Derived terms mk Russian Etymology ru :inh sla-pro:*-ьnikъ ru sla-pro *-ьnikъ, itself originally by nominalization of adjectives in sla-pro *-ьnъ with the suffix sla-pro *-ikъ (whence ru -ик). The suffix originates from the ru ine-bsl-pro - period; compare dialectal Lithuanian lt laukinykas lauk-inykas peasant, farmer (from lt laukas laũkas field) and Old Prussian prg laukinikis lauk-inikis vassal. Suffix ru suffix -ник -ни́к noun-forming suffixes Suffix appended to nominal stems to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a professional, performer, adherent, place, object, tool or a feature. ru лы́жа ski лы́жник skier ru путь way, path, road пу́тник traveler ru бюдже́т budget бюдже́тник government employee colloquial ru кни́га book кни́жник bookseller; book lover; scribe colloquial ru двор yard, courtyard дво́рник janitor; street cleaner ru бума́га paper, document бума́жник wallet; papermaker ru пар vapor парни́к greenhouse ru учёба studies, learning уче́бник textbook; manual Usage notes The suffix has the same properties as ru -ный: A velar (as well as ru ц) normally turns into a palatal as a result of the Slavic first palatalization. ru сапо́г shoe → ru сапо́жник cobbler ru скворе́ц starling → ru скворе́чник birdhouse, nestbox skvoréšnik, skvoréčnik A stem ending in ru -л turns into ru -ль before the suffix; contrariwise, all other stems ending in ru -ь lose this. ru шко́ла school → ru шко́льник schoolboy ru ла́герь camp → ru ла́герник prisoner (in a labor camp or concentration camp) With reducible nouns, the stem assumes its non-reduced form before the suffix. With feminine and neuter nouns, this form is found only in the genitive plural. This applies even to nouns with no plural. ru яйцо́ egg, genitive plural ru яи́ц → ru яи́чник ovary jaíšnik, jaíčnik ru се́рдце heart, genitive plural ru серде́ц → ru серде́чник core, inner part of a machine ru ядро́ nucleus, genitive plural ru я́дер → ru я́дерник nuclear physicist ru ружьё gun, genitive plural ru ру́жей → ru руже́йник gunsmith ru ё may turn back into ru е before the suffix. ru лёд ice → ru ледни́к icehouse, icebox The stress is sometimes (but not always) drawn onto the preceding syllable. ru ружьё gun, genitive plural ru ру́жей → ru руже́йник gunsmith Foreign nouns ending in invariant ru -е change this to stressed ru -е́й before the suffix. ru ко́фе coffee → ru кофе́йник coffee pot ru шоссе́ šossɛ́ highway → ru шоссе́йник šossɛ́jnik racing bicycle, racing cyclist Some adjectives in ru -ия, ru -ие change this to stressed ru -е́й before the suffix (as if they ended in ru -ья, ru -ье/ru -ьё). ru ору́жие weapon, arms → ru оруже́йник weapons maker, armorer, gunsmith Additional properties: Nouns in ru -ник may be formed directly from adjectives in ru -ный when no base noun exists or has a different meaning: ru поля́рный polar (formed from a foreign word, e.g. de polar) → ru поля́рник polar explorer ru ча́стный private (formed from ru часть part, share) → ru ча́стник colloquial private owner, private entrepreneur Not all nouns ending in ru -ник contain this suffix. Some contain ru -ик, e.g. ru чле́ник anatomy segment from ru член limb. In some nouns, the suffix is stressed, in which case it declines according to accent pattern b (always end-stressed). ru ледни́к glacier, genitive singular ru ледника́, nominative plural ru ледники́ Note in particular that nouns in ru -ка, ru -ко have corresponding derived nouns in unstressed ru -очник or ru -ечник. Declension -ник or b -ни́к bi Derived terms ru Related terms ru -ик ru -ика ru -ица ru -ница ru -шник Descendants en -nik 1 izh -nikka 1 fi -niekka 1 Serbo-Croatian Etymology sh sla-pro *-(ь)nikъ, itself originally by nominalization of adjectives in *-ьnъ with the suffix *-ikъ (whence sh -ик). The suffix originates from the sh ine-bsl-pro - period; compare with dialectal Lithuanian lt laukinykas lauk-inykas peasant, farmer (from lt laukas laũkas field) and Old Prussian prg laukinikis lauk-inikis vassal. Suffix Suffix appended to nominal stems to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature. Derived terms sh -еник sh -овник sh -евник Related terms sh -ик sh -ица Ukrainian Etymology uk agent :inh sla-pro:*-ьnikъ<id:agentive suffix> 1 Parallel to sla-pro *-ьnica f for derivatives in feminine gender, uk sla-pro *-ьnikъ 1, itself originally by nominalization of adjectives in sla-pro *-ьnъ with the suffix sla-pro *-ikъ (whence uk -ик). The suffix originates from the uk ine-bsl-pro - period; compare dialectal Lithuanian lt laukinykas lauk-inykas peasant, farmer (from lt laukas laũkas field) and Old Prussian prg laukinikis lauk-inikis vassal. Pronunciation -ник Suffix uk suffix noun-forming suffixes m-pr m-in feminine -ниця forms masculine agent nouns, denoting profession, occupation or relation; uk видава́ти to publish, to issue видавни́к publisher, issuer uk ви́робити to produce, to manufacture виробни́к producer, manufacturer uk предста́вити to represent представни́к representative uk рятува́ти to save, to rescue рятівни́к rescuer, savior uk дві́йка two дві́єчник pupil who performs poorly in school ("two" was the lowest grade in the Soviet five-point grading system) uk ли́жа ski ли́жник skier uk ліс forest, woods лісни́к ranger, forest ranger uk та́нець dance -ов танцівни́к dancer forms abstract masculine agent nouns; uk діли́ти to divide дільни́к divisor uk мно́жити to multiply мно́жник multiplier uk розчини́ти to dilute, to dissolve розчи́нник dissolvent, solvent, thinner, diluent uk загусти́ти to thicken загу́сник thickener forms masculine nouns, denoting tools, equipment, mechanisms; uk рука́ hand ручни́к hand brake, stickshift uk ви́міряти to measure вимі́рник meter uk вого́нь fire гаси́ти to extinguish вогнега́сник fire extinguisher uk пла́вати to swim плавни́к fin forms masculine nouns, denoting place; uk кві́тка квіт flower квітни́к flower-garden, parterre uk журавли́на cranberry журавли́нник cranberry field uk ку́ри chickens ку́рник chicken coop uk мура́ха ant мура́шник anthill, ant nest uk яйце́ ovum, egg яє́чник ovary, ovarium uk сі́м'я seed, sperm сім'яни́к testicle forms masculine nouns, denoting plants; uk борщ borscht, hogweed -ов борщівни́к hogweed uk жа́ба frog жабни́к cudweed, cottonrose uk по by доро́га road, way подоро́жник plantain Usage notes Just like uk -ний, this suffix triggers Slavic first palatalization. Some words featuring uk -ник are actually derived from adjectives suffixed with uk -ний and uk -ик, however sometimes they are difficult to tell apart. Words such as uk пусте́льник hermit, ascetic can both derive from uk пусте́ля + uk -ник and uk пусте́льний -ик. Stems ending in uk -л turns into uk -ль before the suffix uk діли́ти to divide дільни́к divisor Declension -ни́к<> -́ник<pr> Derived terms uk