P'u-t'ien

Putien English thumb|Map including P'U-T'IEN (HINGHWA) (Army Map Service AMS, 1954) Etymology From the en cmn-wadegiles -en 1972 Shabad Theodore Index China's Changing Map https://archive.org/details/chinaschangingma0000unse/ New York Frederick A. Praeger 71-178868 482667885 345, 360 https://archive.org/details/chinaschangingma0000unse/page/360/ Chinese place names are listed in three common spelling styles:(1) the Post Office system,(2) the Wade-Giles system,shown after the main entry(3) the Chinese Communists' own Pinyin romanization system, which also appears in parenthesesPutien (P’u-t’ien, Putian)en 1998 Blunden Caroline w:Mark Elvin Gazetteer Graham Speake Cultural Atlas of China https://archive.org/details/culturalatlasofc00blun_0/ Revised Facts on File Checkmark Books 0-8160-3814-7 98-34322 43168341 9770589M 232, 235 https://archive.org/details/culturalatlasofc00blun_0/page/235/ Names in italics represent the Wade-Giles equivalent of the preceding Pinyin transcription.Putian/P'u-t'ien 25°32′N 119°02′E, 222 romanization of the en cmn 莆田, Wade-Giles romanization: Pʻu²-tʻien². Proper noun 1 1 en Putian. en https://archive.org/details/MN41766ucmf_10/ 1931 zh:同澤靈傳<t:Lady Fourth Daughter of China> Mary Brewster Hollister Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions Cambridge, Massachusetts 11-12 Every child of Pʻu-tʻien knows that the fertile plain, girdled by mountains and facing the Yellow Sea, was once a great salt marsh, for Pʻu-tʻien means "Salt Grass Fields." It was Lady Fourth Daughter, a Chinese girl of the Sung Dynasty, a thousand years ago, who dreamed of building a dam to hold back the salt tides, and to send the fresh life-giving waters of the River of Playful Fairies into a system of canals threading the plain. Thus would the salt marshes be redeemed into rice fields for the feeding of countless villages. The fair, high-walled county seat came to be named Hing-hwa, "Transformed to Flourishing," because of her gift of Fertile Fields.Being a child of Pʻu-tʻien myself I, too, have always known the lovely legends about Lady Fourth Daughter of the family of Ching. en 1960 Hisayuki Miyakawa The Confucianization of South China w:Arthur F. Wright The Confucian Persuasion Stanford Studies in the Civilizations of Eastern Asia https://archive.org/details/confucianpersuas0000unse/ Stanford, Cali. w:Stanford University Press 382744 37–38 https://archive.org/details/confucianpersuas0000unse/page/37/ According to the Pa-min T’ung-chih, Cheng Lu’s study was located at Hsing-haufu (P’u-t’ien hsien, Fukien) as earilyearly as the Liang and Ch'en periods, and the T’ang Shih-tao Chih ("A T’ang Topography of the Ten Districts") tells us that many "robe and cap" gentry families gathered at Ch’üan-choufu (Chin-chiang hsien, Fukien) when the Chin capital was removed to the south. en 1967 w:Wolfram Eberhard Guilt and Sin in Traditional China https://archive.org/details/guiltsinintradit00eber/ w:University of California Press 67-12297 832966135 58 https://archive.org/details/guiltsinintradit00eber/page/58/ Mu-lien was a pious Buddhist who attempted to save his mother from the punishments in hell, as we heard above (p. 25), and who, according to some traditions, eventually became Ti-tsang.⁷⁵ He, too, had several temples. In our survey, the oldest one was in Hsia-p'u (Fukien), renamed with his name in 954, rebuilt in 972, and for the last time, in 1915. There was still another temple for him in Hsia-p'u, but undated. Otherwise, we have only a 1608 temple for him in P'u-t'ien (Fukien) and an undated temple in Hsiang-shan (Kuangtung). en 1980 Judith A. Berling The Syncretic Religion of Lin Chao-en https://archive.org/details/syncreticreligio0000berl/ New York w:Columbia University Press 0-231-04870-X 79-25606 469873585 62 https://archive.org/details/syncreticreligio0000berl/page/62/ Lin Chao-en was born in 1517 in P'u-t'ien, Fukien, the second son of his father Wan-jen.¹ P'u-t'ien was known for the success of its sons in the government examinations. en 2004 Hugh R. Clark Reinventing the Genealogy: Innovation in Kinship Practice in the Tenth to Eleventh Centuries Thomas H. C. Lee The New and the Multiple: Sung Senses of the Past https://books.google.com/books?id=WMhzF0OfadwC w:Chinese University Press 962-996-096-6 1014774002 9161571M 248 https://books.google.com/books?id=WMhzF0OfadwC&pg=PA248&lpg=PA248 All the cases I will examine come from P'u-t'ien district. Until the early Sung, P'u-t'ien was part of Ch'üan-chou prefecture; in 983 a new prefecture, Hsing-hua Commandery (Hsing-hua chün), was established with P'u-t'ien as the prefectural capital. The district is located on the lower reaches of the Mu-lan River, the principle river system between the Chin River of Ch'üan-chou to the south and the Min River of Fu-chou to the north. No doubt because of their proximity to the latter, which had been the social, cultural, and political heart of Fu-chien for many centuries, most of the elite kin groups in P'u-t'ien claimed to be collateral branches of prominent Fu-chou kin groups who had settled in P'u-t'ien no later than the early T'ang. Collectively the P'u-t'ien elite claimed the most ancient pedigree among the Min-nan elite. It is, therefore, not surprising that they claim the oldest genealogical tradition as well. en Translations Putian References