-ere

Appendix:Variations of "ere" Afrikaans Etymology From af nl -eren. Compare also the more native Afrikaans af -ers. Pronunciation af LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar--ere.wav Suffix af suffix forms the plurals of six nouns af been leg; bone beendere beendere bones af gelid rank geledere geledere ranks af gemoed mind gemoedere gemoedere minds af goed good goedere goedere goods af lied song; hymn liedere liedere hymns af volk people volkere volkere peoples Usage notes In most of the above cases, either the word as such or the plural belongs to a more literary register. The noun af blaar leaf is a backformation from a plural originally using this suffix (from Dutch nl blad > nl bladeren > nl blaren). Danish Etymology Borrowed as part of Latin, French or German verbs. Cognate to fr -er, de -ieren, sv -era. Suffix da suffix Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such as da revolutionere to revolutionise, from da revolution. References da Italian Etymology 1 it :inh la:-ēre<id:verb suffix> + Inherited from it la -ēre (second conjugation). Pronunciation -ére Suffix a:e/+ stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs Conjugation a:e/+ Etymology 2 Inherited from it la -ere (third conjugation). Pronunciation -ėre Suffix stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs Usage notes See it ricevere as an example of a en regular it -ere verb. There are two groups of en irregular it -ere verbs: Those in the first group have multiple irregularities (sometimes even in the infinitive), but several related verbs are conjugated in the same way. Those in the second group have irregular past participles and/or, in the past historic have an irregular stem in the first- and third-person singular and the third-person plural. Conjugation Identical to above except for the root stress in the infinitive. Derived terms it trarre and derivatives it porre and derivatives Derivatives of it -durre it First group (see usage notes) assistere,radioassistere,servoassistere,consistere,desistere,esistere,coesistere,preesistere,insistere,persistere,resistere,subsistere,sussistere avere,benavere,riavere battere,abbattere,combattere,controbattere,dibattere,ribattere,sbattere bere,ebere,ribere,strabere,trabere cadere,accadere,riaccadere,decadere,discadere,ricadere,scadere calere cernere,concernere,decernere,discernere,scernere,secernere cogliere,accogliere,raccogliere,riaccogliere comburere competere,ripetere it compiere (it compire), it ricompiere (it ricompire), it empiere (it empire), it adempiere (it adempire), it riempiere (it riempire) credere,ricredere cuocere,concuocere,decuocere,incuocere,ricuocere,scuocere,stracuocere it dire, it addire, it benedire, it ribenedire, it strabenedire, it contradire, it contraddire, it disdire, it indire, it interdire, it maledire, it stramaledire, it predire, it ridire (despite ending in -ire, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere) dirimere,esimere dolere,ridolere,sdolere dovere,ridovere it -durre, it abdurre, it addurre, it circondurre, it condurre, it ricondurre, it dedurre, it edurre, it indurre, it introdurre, it reintrodurre, it rintrodurre, it produrre, it riprodurre, it raddurre, it redurre, it ridurre, it autoridurre, it sedurre, it tradurre, it ritradurre, it trasdurre (despite ending in -urre, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere) eccellere essere it fare, it assuefare, it disassuefare, it contraffare, it disfare, it sodisfare, it soddisfare, it liquefare, it malfare, it mansuefare, it misfare, it putrefare, it rarefare, it rifare, it sfare, it sopraffare, it strafare, it stupefare, it tepefare, it torrefare, it tumefare (despite ending in -are, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere) fervere fottere,sfottere fremere gemere giacere,rigiacere,soggiacere,sottogiacere godere,rigodere,stragodere imbevere incombere,soccombere mescere mietere muovere,commuovere,promuovere,rimuovere,smuovere,sommuovere nuocere,rinuocere parere,sparere,trasparere pascere it percuotere, it ripercuotere, it scuotere (it escuotere), it riscuotere (it riscotere) permanere,rimanere piacere,compiacere,dispiacere,spiacere piovere,ripiovere,spiovere it porre, it anteporre, it apporre, it comporre, it decomporre, it discomporre, it fotocomporre, it ricomporre, it scomporre, it contrapporre, it deporre, it ovideporre, it diporre, it disporre, it indisporre, it predisporre, it ridisporre, it esporre, it riesporre, it sottoesporre, it sovresporre, it sovraesporre, it frapporre, it infrapporre, it giustapporre, it imporre, it sovrimporre, it sovraimporre, it interporre, it opporre, it posporre, it preporre, it proporre, it controproporre, it riproporre, it riporre, it sporre, it sopporre, it sopraporre, it sottoporre, it sovrapporre, it supporre, it presupporre, it traporre, it trapporre, it transporre, it trasporre, it ritrasporre (despite ending in -orre, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere) potere,prepotere,ripotere premere,spremere prudere reddere sapere,presapere,risapere,soprassapere,strasapere scegliere,prescegliere,riscegliere,trascegliere sciogliere,disciogliere,ridisciogliere,prosciogliere,risciogliere it sedere, it ossedere, it possedere, it ripossedere, it spossedere, it presedere (it presiedere), it risedere (it risiedere), it soprassedere solere spegnere,dispegnere,rispegnere splendere,risplendere stridere tacere,sottacere temere tenere,appartenere,astenersi,attenere,contenere,detenere,intrattenere,mantenere,manutenere,ottenere,riottenere,ritenere,sostenere,autosostenere,trattenere tessere,intessere togliere,distogliere,ritogliere,stogliere it trarre, it astrarre, it attrarre, it contrarre, it decontrarre, it ricontrarre, it detrarre, it distrarre, it estrarre, it protrarre, it ritrarre, it sottrarre (despite ending in -arre, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere) urgere valere,contravvalere,disvalere,equivalere,invalere,prevalere,rivalersi vedere,antivedere,avvedersi,disvedere,intravedere,intravvedere,malvedere,prevedere,provedere,provvedere,riprovvedere,ravvedersi,rivedere,sopravvedere,sprovvedere,stravedere,transvedere,travedere vendere,rivendere,svendere vertere,controvertere vivere,convivere,rivivere,sopravvivere volere,disvolere,rivolere,svolere,stravolere 2 Second group (see usage notes) See conjugation tables for details it accendere, it raccendere, it riaccendere, it incendere it accidere, it ancidere, it circoncidere, it decidere, it incidere, it coincidere, it intercidere, it occidere, it precidere, it recidere, it succidere, it uccidere it accludere, it concludere, it disconcludere, it sconcludere, it escludere, it includere, it intercludere, it occludere, it precludere, it recludere it accorgersi, it scorgere it affliggere, it confliggere, it infliggere it allidere, it elidere, it collidere it annettere, it connettere, it disconnettere, it interconnettere, it riconnettere, it sconnettere it ardere it ascondere, it disascondere, it nascondere, it rinascondere it assidere it cedere, it accedere, it antecedere, it concedere, it riconcedere, it decedere, it eccedere, it incedere, it intercedere, it precedere, it procedere, it recedere, it retrocedere, it ricedere, it succedere it chiedere, it dischiedere, it inchiedere, it rinchiedere, it richiedere it chiudere, it conchiudere, it dischiudere, it racchiudere, it richiudere, it rinchiudere, it schiudere, it socchiudere it cingere, it accingere, it circoncingere, it circumcingere, it discingere, it incingere, it rincingere, it precingere, it recingere, it ricingere, it scingere, it semicingere, it succingere it comprimere, it decomprimere, it precomprimere, it ricomprimere, it deprimere, it esprimere, it imprimere, it disimprimere, it rimprimere, it opprimere, it reprimere, it sopprimere it conoscere (it cognoscere), it anticonoscere, it disconoscere, it misconoscere, it preconoscere, it riconoscere, it sconoscere it convergere it correre, it accorrere, it concorrere, it decorrere, it discorrere, it incorrere, it rincorrere, it intercorrere, it occorrere, it percorrere, it ripercorrere, it precorrere, it ricorrere, it scorrere, it soccorrere, it trascorrere it crescere, it accrescere, it concrescere, it decrescere, it discrescere, it increscere, it rincrescere, it ricrescere, it screscere, it sopraccrescere it depellere, it espellere, it riespellere, it impellere*, it propellere, it repellere it detrudere, it estrudere, it intrudere, it protrudere it diligere, it prediligere, it negligere it dirigere, it indirigere, it erigere (it ergere) it discutere, it ridiscutere, it escutere, it incutere it distinguere, it contraddistinguere, it ridistinguere, it suddistinguere, it estinguere, it stinguere it distruggere (it destruggere), it ristruggere, it struggere it divellere, it evellere, it svellere it dividere, it condividere, it ridividere, it sottodividere, it suddividere it ducere it esigere, it redigere, it transigere it espandere, it spandere it esplodere, it riesplodere, it implodere it evadere, it invadere, it pervadere it fendere, it difendere, it offendere, it rioffendere, it rifendere, it sfendere it figgere, it affiggere, it configgere, it disconfiggere, it sconfiggere, it crocefiggere, it crocifiggere, it ricrocifiggere, it crucifiggere, it defiggere, it infiggere, it prefiggere, it rifiggere, it suffiggere, it trafiggere it fingere, it confingere, it effingere, it infingere it flettere, it circonflettere, it complettere, it deflettere, it inflettere, it reflettere, it riflettere it fondere, it circonfondere, it confondere, it riconfondere, it sconfondere, it diffondere, it radiodiffondere, it telediffondere, it effondere, it infondere, it rinfondere, it profondere, it soffondere, it suffondere, it transfondere, it trasfondere it frangere, it affrangere, it diffrangere, it infrangere, it rinfrangere, it refrangere, it rifrangere it friggere, it rifriggere, it sfriggere, it soffriggere it fulgere*, it circonfulgere*, it refulgere*, it rifulgere* it fungere, it defungere it giungere, it aggiungere, it congiungere, it discongiungere, it ricongiungere, it digiungere, it disgiungere, it ingiungere, it raggiungere, it rigiungere, it soggiungere, it risoggiungere, it sopraggiungere, it sorgiungere, it sovraggiungere it indigere* it indulgere it ledere it leggere, it eleggere, it preeleggere, it rieleggere, it rileggere it lucere, it rilucere, it tralucere it ludere*, it alludere, it colludere, it deludere, it eludere, it illudere, it disilludere, it preludere, it proludere it mergere, it demergere, it emergere, it immergere, it reimmergere, it sommergere, it risommergere it mettere, it ammettere, it riammettere, it commettere, it discommettere, it fedecommettere, it fidecommettere, it ricommettere, it scommettere, it riscommettere, it compromettere, it dimettere, it dismettere, it emettere, it estromettere, it framettere, it frammettere, it immettere, it reimmettere, it inframettere, it inframmettere, it intermettere, it intramettere, it intromettere, it malmettere, it manimettere, it manomettere, it marimettere, it omettere, it permettere, it premettere, it pretermettere, it promettere, it dispromettere, it impromettere, it ripromettere, it spromettere, it rimettere, it smettere, it sommettere, it soprammettere, it sottomettere, it risottomettere, it tramettere, it trasmettere, it radiotrasmettere, it ritrasmettere, it ricetrasmettere, it teletrasmettere, it teleradiotrasmettere, it videotrasmettere it mingere it mordere, it demordere, it rimordere it mungere, it dimungere, it emungere, it rimungere, it smungere it nascere, it rinascere it pendere, it appendere, it riappendere, it dipendere, it dispendere, it propendere, it spendere, it sopraspendere, it sospendere, it risospendere, it vilipendere it perdere, it disperdere, it riperdere, it sperdere, it straperdere it piangere, it compiangere, it rimpiangere, it ripiangere it pingere, it depingere, it dipingere, it ridipingere, it dispingere, it impingere, it ripingere, it spingere, it respingere, it rispingere, it sospingere, it risospingere it porgere, it riporgere, it sporgere it prendere, it apprendere, it disapprendere, it riapprendere, it comprendere, it imprendere, it intraprendere, it misprendere, it rapprendere, it riprendere, it soprapprendere, it sorprendere it proteggere, it sproteggere it pungere, it compungere, it espungere, it interpungere, it ripungere, it trapungere it radere, it abradere, it eradere, it sorradere it redimere it reggere, it correggere, it ricorreggere, it scorreggere, it direggere, it ereggere, it sorreggere it rendere, it arrendere, it arrendersi, it rirendere it ridere, it arridere, it deridere, it intridere, it irridere, it sorridere, it sottoridere it rispondere (it respondere), it controrispondere, it corrispondere it rodere, it corrodere, it erodere it rompere, it corrompere, it dirompere, it disrompere, it erompere*, it interrompere, it irrompere*, it prorompere, it rirompere, it trarompere it scendere, it ascendere, it riascendere, it discendere, it condiscendere (it condescendere), it accondiscendere, it ridiscendere, it riscendere, it scoscendere, it discoscendere, it trascendere, it transcendere it scindere, it prescindere, it rescindere it scrivere, it ascrivere, it circoscrivere, it circonscrivere, it coscrivere, it dattiloscrivere, it descrivere, it discrivere, it inscrivere, it reinscrivere, it iscrivere, it prescrivere, it proscrivere, it riscrivere, it soprascrivere, it soscrivere, it sottoscrivere, it transcrivere, it trascrivere, it ritrascrivere it solvere, it assolvere, it dissolvere, it resolvere, it risolvere it sorgere (it surgere), it assorgere (it assurgere), it insorgere, it risorgere (it resurgere, it risurgere) it spargere (it dispargere, it espargere), it cospargere, it ricospargere, it conspargere, it rispargere it spegnere, it dispegnere, it rispegnere it spergere, it aspergere, it cospergere, it conspergere, it dispergere, it rispergere it stringere, it astringere, it costringere, it ricostringere, it constringere, it distringere, it restringere, it ristringere it suadere, it dissuadere, it persuadere it sumere, it assumere, it reassumere, it riassumere, it consumere*, it desumere, it presumere, it prosumere, it rassumere, it resumere, it sussumere it tangere it tendere, it attendere, it disattendere, it riattendere, it contendere, it distendere, it ridistendere, it estendere, it riestendere, it intendere, it disintendere, it fraintendere, it rintendere, it soprintendere, it sopraintendere, it sottintendere, it sovrintendere, it sovraintendere, it portendere, it pretendere, it ripretendere, it protendere, it ritendere, it stendere, it prostendere, it ristendere, it sottendere it tergere, it astergere, it detergere, it ritergere it tingere, it attingere, it riattingere, it contingere, it intingere, it ritingere, it stingere it torcere, it attorcere, it contorcere, it scontorcere, it detorcere, it distorcere, it estorcere, it rattorcere, it ritorcere, it storcere it ungere it vincere, it avincere, it avvincere, it riavvincere, it convincere, it riconvincere, it evincere, it rivincere, it sopravvincere, it stravincere it volgere, it avvolgere, it ravvolgere, it riavvolgere, it capivolgere, it capovolgere, it convolgere, it sconvolgere, it risconvolgere, it divolgere, it disvolgere, it involgere, it coinvolgere, it disinvolgere, it rinvolgere, it rivolgere, it svolgere, it risvolgere, it stravolgere, it travolgere, it trasvolgere it volvere, it avvolvere, it convolvere, it devolvere, it evolvere, it rivolvere, it svolvere, it travolvere See also it -are it -ire Etymology 3 Pronunciation -ère Suffix m -era it -iere Usage notes Used in particular after stems ending in -gn-, e.g. it ingegnere. Anagrams it eer ree Latin Etymology 1 la verb suffix :inh itc-pro:*-ezi<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-os<id:athematic>>> + From la itc-pro *-ezi, from la ine-pro *-os *-esi, locative case of action nouns, which end in ine-pro *-os in the nominative. Similar to grc -ειν < grk-pro *-ehen, which comes from an alternative locative case form, grk-pro *-esen. Note adverbial la temere. Pronunciation ere Suffix la suffix form la -ō pres actv inf third conjugation Derived terms la -āre la -ēre la -īre Etymology 2 From Proto-Italic *-ēzi, in which z changed into r due to rhotacism. Formed by analogy with the short-vowel ending -ere for the Proto-Italic and Latin second conjugation (Etymology 1 above). Pronunciation ēre Suffix la suffix form -ēre la -eō pres actv inf second conjugation Etymology 3 la 1 Alternative forms la -ēris Pronunciation ēre Suffix la suffix form -ēre la -ō 2 s pres pasv subj first conjugation la -eō 2 s pres pasv ind second conjugation Etymology 4 From Proto-Italic -ēri, third person plural perfect active ending. Suffix la suffix la not sure if we do these Used for the third person present perfect plural form of any regular verb. Usage notes This form is obsolete, having been superseded by -ērunt. Middle Dutch Etymology dum :inh odt:*-āri<ety:inh<gem-pro:*-ārijaz>> From dum odt *-āri, odt -ere, from dum gem-pro *-ārijaz masc. agent suffix. Suffix dum suffix noun-forming suffixes m Forms agent nouns from verbs. Derived terms dum Descendants nl -er -aar af -er li -er Middle English Etymology 1 enm :inh agent suffix ang:-ere<id:agent suffix> enm ang -ere agent suffix, from enm gmw-pro *-ārī, from enm gem-pro *-ārijaz, usually held to be from enm la -ārius, though Gąsiorowski instead suggests a native origin. The demonymic sense may continue enm ang -ware, from enm gmw-pro *-wari, from enm gem-pro *-warjaz, though a semantic extension of the agentive sense is perhaps more likely given the lack of demonstrable continuity between Old English formations in ang -ware and this suffix. Alternative forms enm -ar -are -er Pronunciation enm /-ər(ə)/ enm /-ˌɛ̞ːr(ə)/ with secondary stress Suffix enm suffix noun-forming suffixes enm agentive Forms agent nouns from other nouns or verbs, especially occupational; en -er enm demonymic enm late ME rare Forms nouns denoting a inhabitant or resident of a location; en -er Usage notes The use of this suffix on abstract nouns is late and rare. Due to vowel reduction, this suffix is sometimes conflated with enm -er agentive and enm -our, especially in Late Middle English. Derived terms enm -ere (agentive) Descendants en -er agent noun gmw-msc -ar -ir sco -er yol -eare 1 References -ē̆r(e suf.(1) MED14294 Etymology 2 enm comparative enm comparative :inh ang:-ra<id:comparative> enm ang -ra, from enm gmw-pro *-iʀō, gmw-pro *-ōʀō, from enm gem-pro *-izô or enm gem-pro *-ōzô; related to superlative enm -est. The change from -ra to -ere is probably due to analogy with apocopated forms of this suffix with an anaptyctic vowel (i.e. -er). Alternative forms enm -er -ore -re Pronunciation enm /-ər(ə)/ /-rə/ Suffix enm suffix inflectional suffixes enm adjectival comparative Used to form the comparative degree of adjectives; en more, en -er comparative. enm adverbial comparative Used to form the comparative degree of adverbs; en more, en -er comparative. Usage notes Unlike in the modern English standard, this suffix may be appended to adjectives or adverbs of any length; in fact, periphrastic comparison with enm more more or enm mest, enm most most is rather uncommon. Like in Early Modern English and nonstandard modern English, this periphrastic comparative may be combined with the synthetic comparative to form a pleonastic "double comparative"; enm more enm grettere larger more larger. Irregular comparatives formed with this suffix may induce umlaut or shortening of the vowel of the root it is appended to; most of these compete with regular forms, which increasingly predominate in later Middle English (e.g. enm lengere, en longere, both "longer"; enm deppere, enm depere, both "deeper"). Descendants en -er comparative gmw-msc -ar -ir sco -er References -er suf.(1) MED14272 -er suf.(2) MED14273 9 115 92 Adjectives Comparison 279 Etymology 3 enm abstract nominal enm xno -ere and enm fro -iere, from enm la -āria. Alternative forms enm -eer -eere -er Pronunciation enm /-ˈeːr(ə)/ /-ər(ə)/ Suffix enm suffix noun-forming suffixes enm rare not productive Forms nouns for tools and objects from other nouns or verbs; en -er Usage notes In later usage, conflated with enm -er agentive or Etymology 1; see those entries for further discussion. Derived terms enm -ere (abstract nominal) Etymology 4 Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -er agentive suffix agentive Etymology 5 Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -re plural suffix plural Etymology 6 Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -eren Norwegian Bokmål Etymology From nb non -era, through nb gmh -ieren, from nb fro -ier, from nb la -āre. Cognate to fr -er, de -ieren and sv -era. Suffix nb suffix Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such as nb revolusjonere to revolutionise, from nb revolusjon revolution. Equivalent in meaning to en -ize. References nb nb verb-forming suffixes Norwegian Nynorsk Alternative forms nn -era Etymology From nn non -era, through nn gmh -ieren, from nn fro -ier, from nn la -āre. Cognate to fr -er, de -ieren and sv -era. Suffix nn suffix Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word. Equivalent in meaning to en -ize. References nn nn verb-forming suffixes Old English Alternative forms ang -re Late West Saxon Etymology ang :inh agent suffix gmw-pro:*-ārī<id:agent suffix> From ang gmw-pro *-ārī, from ang gem-pro *-ārijaz. Traditionally and still usually held to be from ang la -ārius. An alternative proposal from Gąsiorowski suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of ine-pro *-sōr suffixed with ine-pro *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which were then masculinised by attaching ine-pro *-ós. He also suggests a relation to ang gmw-pro *-astrijā. Cognate with ofs -ere, osx -āri, goh -āri. Pronunciation -ere ang e.re 2 Suffix m forms masculine agent nouns, originally applied only to nouns ang -a -end ang dōm<t:judgement> dōmere<t:judge> ang fugol<t:bird> fuglere<t:fowler> Declension -er Derived terms ang Descendants enm -ere agent suffix Old French Alternative forms fro -erre -iere -ierre Suffix fro suffix fro -or nom s (agent noun suffix) fro Le chanteor → fro li chantere Yola Suffix yol suffix yol -eare