-kaan

Appendix:Variations of "kaan" Finnish Etymology According to Hakulinen, from earlier fi *-kahan, composed of fi -ka (as seen in fi joka and fi kuka) and fi -han clitic, and why the particle is restricted to contexts with negative polarity is not clear. Räisänen (1996) presents an alternative etymology, in which the particle originates from the partitive forms of indefinite pronouns like fi ketään, fi mitään, in which it is developed from a reduction of fi -ka through partitive forms like fi *mitä-kä > fi *mitä-ɣä > fi mitää, and eventually this long vowel was adapted by analogy to other forms. The ending would have developed into a particle that represents negation, as the partitive case is used for objects in negative sentences. According to this theory, the final -n would be analogous to fi -kin,Räisänen, Alpo. Suomen kaan-liitteen alkuperä. Virittäjä Vol 100, Issue 3 (1996) but this results in a cyclical etymology, as the -n in fi -kin is generally taken as analogous to fi -kaan. The particle has also been compared to and is probably cognate with myv -как.Erina Olga. Particles in the Mordvin Languages (1997), p. 37 Particle kään fi enclitic negative polarity neither, not ... either also not fi Jos sinä et korjaa sitä, minäkään en sitä tee. If you won’t correct it, neither will I. Used to emphasize lack of alternatives. fi Mitä muutakaan olisin voinut tehdä? What else could I have done? Used to soften a question, e.g. when the speaker is asking to be reminded of something, or when the speaker is seeking agreement or confirmation. fi Kuka tämä herra olikaan? Who was this gentleman again? Emphasizes a negative (lack of) action. fi Se tehtävä ei kuulunut minulle, ja minä en sitä tehnytkään. That task didn't belong to me, and indeed, I didn't do it. even implying an extreme example fi En haluaisi tehdä sitä työtä päivääkään. I would not want to do that job for even one day. fi Ahtisaarikaan ei osaisi ratkaista tätä riitaa. Even Ahtisaari could not solve this dispute. Used to indicate change of mind or circumstances; indicates confirmation of not doing something, e.g. if someone doubts it, or, when someone is more or less surprised at an occurrence, indicates the reason why some thing was not successful – which is by not doing that something fi En matkustakaan Italiaan, vaan menen tervehtimään vanhaa äitiäni. Instead of travelling to Italy, I'll go to greet my elderly mother. fi Tänään ei satanutkaan, vaikka aamulla näytti synkältä. It didn't rain today after all, although the morning looked gloomy. fi En syönytkään jäätelöä jälkiruoaksi, vaan piirakkaa. After all, I didn't eat ice-cream for dessert, but pie. -ever when used with a verb that has an interrogative pronoun, often with fi ikinä for emphasis fi Kuka ikinä onkaan, hän yrittää vain saada huomiosi. Whoever that person is, they are just trying to get your attention. Used to form exclamations of wonder, with clauses that begin with an interrogative. fi Kuinka katoavaista maine onkaan. How fleeting fame can be. Usage notes -kin -kaan The exact meaning of (fi -kin and) fi -kaan depends significantly on its placement within the sentence and the part of speech of the word to which it is attached. This particle can be appended to almost any word that hasn't got any previous enclitic particle, and sometimes also to such words that already have an enclitic particle. One of the few words that fi -kaan can never be attached to is the negative verb (fi ei). Note that the difference of the meaning or the message changes depending on which word fi -kaan is attached to: fi Kaverinikaan ei juo huomenna kahvia. Neither will my friend drink coffee tomorrow. [My friend will be one of those who won't drink coffee tomorrow.] fi Kaverini ei juokaan huomenna kahvia. But my friend won't drink coffee tomorrow. [Contrary to what might be expected, my friend will not drink coffee tomorrow.] fi Kaverini ei juo huomennakaan kahvia. My friend won't drink coffee tomorrow either. [As has happened before, my friend won't drink coffee tomorrow.] fi Kaverini ei juo huomenna kahviakaan. Tomorrow my friend won't drink coffee either. [Coffee is one of the things my friend won't drink tomorrow.] This sentence has two possible interpretations, this one and the one below fi Kaverini ei juo huomenna kahviakaan. Tomorrow my friend won't drink even a coffee. [My friend will not drink even one cup of coffee tomorrow.] Antonyms neither, not ... either fi -kin See also fi -kin fi -han -han / -hän clitic fi -ko -ko / -kö fi -pa -pa / -pä clitic fi -s clitic References Anagrams fi aakn akan kana