Pei-ching

English thumb|Map including PEI-CHING (PEKING) (1975) Etymology From the en cmn-wadegiles - romanization of the en cmn 北京 Pei³-ching¹.en 02/24/00 Library of Congress Pinyin Conversion Project w:Library of Congress https://web.archive.org/web/20011117120329/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/pinyin/difference.html https://www.loc.gov/catdir/pinyin/difference.html November 17, 2001 https://archive.ph/qWGUh 2. Joined syllables vs. hyphenated syllables: individual syllables of multi-syllabic place names or names of geographic features were hyphenated in WG romanization; they will be joined together in PY:Pei-ching == BeijingShang-hai == ShanghaiHei-lung-chiang == HeilongjiangBeijing, Wade-Giles romanization Pei-ching, in Encyclopædia Britannicaen 2017 Languages Other than English The Chicago Manual of Style Seventeenth https://archive.org/details/chicagomanualofs0017unse/ University of Chicago Press 10.7208/cmos17 2017020712 988171830 652 https://archive.org/details/chicagomanualofs0017unse/page/652/ Wade-Giles Postal atlas PinyinPei-ching (Pei-p’ing) Peking (Peiping) Beijingen 1998 Blunden Caroline Gazetteer Cultural Atlas of China https://archive.org/details/culturalatlasofc00blun_0/ Revised Facts on File 0-8160-3814-7 98-34322 43168341 232 https://archive.org/details/culturalatlasofc00blun_0/page/232/ Names in italics represent the Wade-Giles equivalent of the preceding Pinyin transcription.Beijing/Pei-ching Proper noun 1 1 en uncommon en Beijing Q956 capital of China. en https://archive.org/details/narrativeofearlo00olip/ 1860 Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and Japan in the Years 1857, '58, '59 Laurence Oliphant (author) Laurence Oliphant 502 At Canton we have Anglicized the native word into something attainable by English tongues, nor do we talk of Ning-poh ; let us not be driven into calling Pekin, Pei-ching, as the latest vocabulary has it, for, even if we did, no Chinaman would understand us. en 1930 William Cohn Chinese Art https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.179074/ Edinburgh Pillans & Wilson H. and J. Pillans & Wilson 867328845 16 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.179074/page/n37/ In the year 1421 (period Yung-lo) the present Peiping, which had at that time the same name, was officially chosen as the capital of the Ming under the name Pei-ching, though they had been engaged on their great building projects there since the year 1409. en https://archive.org/details/worldarchitectur00copp/ 1963 World Architecture: An Illustrated History Trewin Copplestone Hamlyn (publishers) Hamlyn 0 600 03954 4 731268043 98 https://archive.org/details/worldarchitectur00copp/page/98 Pei-ching, the 'northern capital', has existed since about 2400 B.C., when there was a neolithic settlement on the site. Historically, it was the capital of one of the 'Warring States' in the third and fourth centuries B.C., a provincial town in Han times, lost to the northern invaders during the fourth and fifth centuries A.D., recovered by the T'ang, again held by the barbarians in the tenth to twelfth centuries. In 1215 it fell to Genghis Khan and was rebuilt as Ta-tu or T'ai-du, the 'great capital' of Kublai. This had many resemblances to later Peking, but was more regular. en https://archive.org/details/understandingmod0000unse/ 1969 Understanding Modern China w:Joseph Kitagawa w:Quadrangle Books 70-78310 869241213 49 In 1938 the great stream was deflected to the south by the Chinese in a misplaced effort to delay the advance of Japanese forces moving southward from T'ien-ching (Tientsin) and Pei-ching (Peking); and it flowed southeastward into the Huai river system and thence through a series of lakes and the Grand Canal down into the Yangtze drainage area. en 1984 Masaharu Ozaki The Taoist Priesthood: From Tsai-chia to Chʻu-chia Religion and the Family in East Asia https://archive.org/details/religionfamilyi00geor/ Berkley w:University of California Press 0-520-05762-7 86-6925 13358215 98 https://archive.org/details/religionfamilyi00geor/page/98/ In Pei-ching in pre-war China, however, the Tʻien-shih Tao Taoists located there seem to have led lives of chʻu-chia priests, like the Chʻüan-chen Chiao zh 全真教 Taoists [YOSHIOKA 1975: 418-420]. en https://archive.org/details/warlordsofchina70000peer/ 1998 Chris Peers Warlords of China: 700BC to AD1662 w:Arms and Armour Press 1-85409-401-7 491672813 10 https://archive.org/details/warlordsofchina70000peer/page/10/ The city which we now know as Beijing or Peking, for example, was known under the Kin dynasty as Chung-tu, then as Ta-tu when it became the capital of the Mongol Yuan. The Ming renamed it first Pei-ping, and then Pei-ching, which means 'Northern Capital'. Translations Beijing References Further reading Pei-ching, Peiching