Bayan Obo

English Etymology From en mn ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ rich ovoo (cairn). Proper noun Bayan Obo en mining district prefecture-level city/Baotou ar/Inner Mongolia in northern c/China. en 1990 Lawrence J. Drew; Meng Qingrun; Sun Weijun The Bayan Obo iron-rare-earth-niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China Lithos (journal) Lithos https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0024493790900408 26 10.1016/0024-4937(90)90040-8 0024-4937 884236936 43 Bayan Obo is 146 km by road north of Baotou (population 1.5 million), where the ores are concentrated and smelted. The climate of Bayan Obo is extremely dry.[...]About 40,000 people live at Bayan Obo, most of whom work either directly in mining or in support activites. en 2010 Cindy A. Hurst China's Ace in the Hole: Rare Earth Elements https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA530370/ 59 w:NDU Press 713559538 124 https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA530370/page/n4/ In 1992, during his visit to Bayan Obo, China’s largest rare earth mine, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping declared, “There is oil in the Middle East; there is rare earth in China.” en 2012 w:Clive Cussler; w:Dirk Cussler w:Poseidon's Arrow Dirk Pitt series https://archive.org/details/poseidonsarrowdi00cliv/ Fiction New York w:G. P. Putnam's Sons 978-0-399-16292-3 999421634 216 https://archive.org/details/poseidonsarrowdi00cliv/page/216/ Wearing the worn and dusty clothes of an unskilled laborer, he looked like most of the inhabitants of Bayan Obo, a company town in Inner Mongolia that was itself worn and dusty. en October 22, 2013 w:Keith Bradsher China Tries to Clean Up Toxic Legacy of Its Rare Earth Riches w:The New York Times https://web.archive.org/web/20251028090951/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/23/business/international/china-tries-to-clean-up-toxic-legacy-of-its-rare-earth-riches.html 28 October 2025 https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/23/business/international/china-tries-to-clean-up-toxic-legacy-of-its-rare-earth-riches.html 0362-4331 1645522 International Business https://archive.ph/xg56o On orders from Beijing, state-controlled enterprises have dismantled Baotou refineries and rebuilt them at an enormous mining complex at Bayan Obo in the Gobi Desert, which mines about half the world’s rare earths. en March 18, 2022 Joël Brugger; Barbara Etschmann; Marion Louvel Powerful X-rays reveal the birth of giant rare earth element deposits – and may give clues for sustainable mining https://web.archive.org/web/20220318110531/https://theconversation.com/powerful-x-rays-reveal-the-birth-of-giant-rare-earth-element-deposits-and-may-give-clues-for-sustainable-mining-178781 18 March 2022 The Conversation (website) The Conversation https://archive.ph/xVgfZ All rocks around us contain significant amounts of rare earth elements, but they become concentrated in these exotic magmas through slow crystallisation in Earth’s crust. This is usually not enough to make an ore deposit, which consists of millions of tonnes of rock made up of between 5 and 50% by weight of rare earth elements. A second step of concentration is required.In giant deposits such as Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia, hot fluids loaded with carbonate appear to have undergone this extra concentration step. But exactly how has been a mystery. en Synonyms from Mandarin Chinese en Baiyun Ebo, en Baiyun'ebo, en Paiyun-opo Translations mining district Chinese: Mandarin: cmn 白雲鄂博 Báiyún'èbó Japanese: ja Further reading Bayan Obo, Baiyun Ebo, Baiyunebo, Paiyunopo