-라

라 Jeju Pronunciation Suffix jje suffix jje -으라 imperative suffix Post-vowel and post-liquid allomorphic Korean Pronunciation Etymology 1 From ko okm - -라〮 -lá, lenited form of -다〮 -tá. It is not clear why lenition only occurred at these specific environments. Vovin speculates that lenition occurred at intervocalic environments except at verbal morpheme boundaries when preceded by a "minimal vowel": ㅡ u- or ㆍ o-. Hence lenition occurred after -더- -te-, but not after -ᄂᆞ- -no-. To explain why only the stem -이- -ì- to be copula triggers lenition and not the many Class H! verbs, all of whose stems end with a non-minimal vowel, Vovin suggests that all Class H! verbs were originally once closed-syllable stems with nasal or liquid finals.26—28 However, Vovin's arguments remain for the most part speculative. Suffix suffix Alternative form of ko -다 declarative suffix, found in the following environments: Directly after the stem of ko -이다 copula to be, whether present or elided, and its negative ko 아니다 to not be: Used in all indirect quotes (either explicit or implicit), before markers such as ko -고#quotative -고, ko -니, ko -면, etc. ko 뭐-라-고? What did you say? ko 쟤-가 누구-라-고? Who did you say he was? ko 이게 아니-라-고? This isn't it? ko 저게 사람-이-라-니, 뭔 말-이야? That's a person? What do you mean? ko 스펀지-도 동물-이-라-고 그랬어. They say a sponge is also an animal. ko 나-는 아니-라-고 그랬어. I said that it wasn't me. ko colloquial ko -라-고 alternative form of ko -다-고 for the copulative stems when not used sentence-finally ko 스펀지-도 동물-이-라 그랬어. They say a sponge is also an animal. ko dated dialectal or very _ literary Used directly after the stem in all environments. This was historically obligatory but is now dated. ko 이-는 효자-가 아니-라. This is not a filial son. ko 도-를 모르-거든 사람-도 금수-라. If a man knows not the Way, he too is a beast. After ko -더- retrospective suffix, as ko -더라. Optionally after ko -으리- prospective suffix, as ko -으리라. Used in ko -느니라. Usage notes Note that ko -라 cannot occur after ko -었- and ko -겠-, because both derive etymologically from ko 있다. Hence ko -이-라-고, but ko -이-었--다-고, ko -이-겠--다-고. Particle particle ko -라고 post-vowel form of ko -이라고 direct quotation marker Etymology 2 after copula From ko okm - -라〮 -lá. Suffix suffix because, since; used directly after the stem of ko -이다 copula to be, whether present or elided, and its negative ko 아니다 to not be. It is the equivalent of the infinitive ko -어 for other stems. ko -라서 ko 유기농-이-라 그런지 많이 비싸다. It's very expensive, maybe because it's organic. ko 아니라 but rather. Usage notes Its interaction with other suffixes, such as ko -으옵-, suggests that the underlying form of this suffix is actually ko -으라. However, this form never actually surfaces because it only occurs after two vowel-final stems. Etymology 3 으라 From ko okm - -라〮 -lá; see the main entry for more. Suffix suffix ko -으라 imperative suffix Post-vowel and post-liquid allomorphic Etymology 4 Compare dialectal ko -레 and ko -리. Particle particle ko Hwanghae Pyongan Northern _ Gangwon suffix used after words ending with a vowel. ko -가 Standard Korean ko ko:황해도 방언 연구 Study of the Hwanghae dialect 한국 문화사 2007 ko:황대화 누구라 없-니? Is someone there? 9788957264270 ko:(북한) 강원도 이천군 References