-able

Appendix:Variations of "able" English Alternative forms en -ible no longer productive Etymology en able to :inh enm:-able<id:able to> 1 en enm -able, borrowed from en fro -able, from en la -ābilis, from la -a- or la -i- + la -bilis capable or worthy of being acted upon, from en ine-pro - i-stem form ine-pro *-dʰli- of ine-pro *-dʰlom instrumental suffix. Not closely related etymologically, though currently related semantically, to able. Displaced native ang -endlīc (equivalent to Modern en -andly, -andlike), and Modern en -worthy. Pronunciation en /əbəl/ [əbl̩] [əbəl] Western en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--able.wav Southern England en /ˈebl̩/ [eːbɐl] North India en able (left pronunciation) en /əbl̩/ [ɐbɨɭ] South India unstressed Suffix able to be done; fit to be done. en move movable<t:able to be moved> en amend amendable<t:able to be amended> en break breakable<t:liable to break> en blame blamable<t:fit to be blamed> en sale salable<t:fit to be sold> en influence influenceable<t:able to be influenced> en transfer transferable<t:able to be transferred> Relevant to or suitable to, in accordance with. en fashion fashionable<t:relevant to fashion> en season seasonable<t:suitable to season> Giving, or inclined to. en pleasure pleasurable<t:giving pleasure> en peace peaceable<t:inclined to peace> en colloquial en invite Inviting encourage or encouraging a specified behavior. en -er<id:patient><pos:en patient -er> en punch punchable<t:inviting being punched> en kiss kissable<t:evoking the desire to be kissed> Subject to. en report reportable<t:subject to be reported> en tax taxable<t:subject to be taxed> Due to be. en pay payable<t:due to be paid> Usage notes Originally appeared only on French and Latin words, like en separable. Over time -able was added to stems of English verbs ending in -ate, such as en educable. Finally, due to probable confusion with the word en able, it was used to form adjectives from all sorts of verbs, nouns, and even verb phrases, such as en kickable, en get-at-able, and en hittable. A terminal silent -e is often dropped when adding -able, but for roots ending with a soft -ce or -ge, such as en replaceable and en changeable, the -e is kept so that these are not misinterpreted as hard ‘c’ or ‘g’ sounds. Similar spelling patterns apply to some other suffixes beginning with a vowel, such as -ous in en famous vs. en courageous. The final consonant of a root is doubled in the same contexts as when adding the suffix en -ed. In general, this means doubling occurs when the preceding vowel is short and stressed (as in en winnable) but not when it is long (as in en obtainable) or unstressed (as in en openable). In British English, a final L is typically doubled after a short vowel regardless of whether the vowel is stressed or unstressed (as in en compellable, en modellable). In American English, final L typically follows the same rules as other consonants (as in en compellable, en modelable). These are the general trends, but there is some variation within British and American English between these two methods of doubling final L. The form en -ible usually has the same senses and pronunciation, though sometimes equivalent terms have diverged in meaning: compare en suggestable capable of being suggested with en suggestible susceptible to influence by suggestion. The choice between the two is somewhat idiosyncratic, but in general, en -ible is used in forms derived from Latin verbs of the second, third, and fourth conjugations, and in a few words whose roots end in a soft c or g, while en -able is used in all other words, particularly those formed from Latin verbs of the first conjugation and those that come from French or from Anglo-Saxon (Old English). Fowler's English Usage recommends using en -ible for simplicity's sake in any word whose root ends in a soft c or g to avoid -eable (e.g., en *changible rather than en changeable), but this recommendation has generally not been followed. A number of adjectives in en -able come from verbs that do not have direct objects, but that rather are construed with prepositions. In these cases, the preposition does not appear with the adjective in en -able; hence, en reliable fit to being relied on, en laughable suited for laughing at, en remarkable fit to be remarked upon, and so on. Traditionally, verbs ending in en -ate drop this suffix before adding en -able; hence, en communicable able to be communicated, en eradicable possible to eradicate, en implacable unable to be placated, en inimitable unable to be imitated, and so on, but en relatable, because relate is re- + -late, not rel- + -ate. Logically one should therefore say rotable to mean "able to be rotated", but en rotatable has become accepted. There are cases where a word with un- -able is much more common than one with just -able, such as unbreakable, unsinkable, and untouchable. Derived terms en Related terms en able ability -ability -worthy Translations able or fit to be done Arabic: ar قابل لـ qabil li- Egyptian Arabic: arz قابل لـ ʔabel le- Armenian: hy -ի Asturian: ast -able Catalan: ca -able, ca -ible Chinese: Cantonese: yue 得 -得 -dak1 Mandarin: cmn 可 可- Cornish: kw -adow Czech: cs -elný Danish: da -bar Dutch: nl -baar, nl -abel for words from Latin or Romance languages Esperanto: eo -ebla Finnish: fi -kelpoinen, fi -tava, fi -tava -tävä French: fr -able, fr -ible Galician: gl -able, gl -ábel Georgian: ka -ადი German: de -bar, de -abel for words from Latin or Romance languages Greek: el -ιμος Ancient Greek: grc -ιμος Hindi: hi योग्य Hungarian: hu -ható, hu -hető Ido: io -ebla Indonesian: id -abel Interlingua: ia -abile, ia -ibile Italian: it -abile, it -ibile, it -evole Japanese: ja られる -られる -rareru Latin: la -ābilis Low German: German Low German: nds-de -bor Malay: ms -abel Malayalam: ml -ആവുന്ന Manx: gv yn- Middle English: enm -able Norwegian: Bokmål: nb -abel, nb -bar Old Saxon: osx -bar Persian: fa -پذیر Polish: pl -alny, pl -elny Portuguese: pt -ável, pt -ível Romanian: ro -bil Russian: ru -я́емый, ru -а́емый, ru -и́мый Slovene: sl -ljiv Spanish: es -able, es -ible, es que se deja Swedish: sv -abel, sv -bar Tamil: ta -கூடிய Thai: th ได้ dâai Turkish: tr -ebilir Ukrainian: uk -ений m -enyj, uk -ена f -ena, uk -єний m -jenyj, uk -єна f -jena, uk -eне n -ene, uk -єне n -jene Welsh: cy -adwy relevant or suitable to, in accordance with Finnish: fi -kas, fi -kas -käs Norwegian: Bokmål: nb -abel Romanian: ro -bil Swedish: sv -abel inviting or encouraging a specified behavior Finnish: fi -tava, fi -tava -tävä German: de -wert Swedish: sv -värd due to be Finnish: fi -tava, fi -tava -tävä French: fr -able Norwegian: Bokmål: nb -bar Swedish: sv -värd Dutch: before the infinitive nl te (5) Esperanto: eo -ebla Frisian: West Frisian: fy -ber German: de -bar Italian: it -abile, it -ibile Latin: la -abilis, la -ibilis Macedonian: mk -лив Romanian: ro -bil Welsh: cy -adwy Anagrams en abel Abel Bale Beal Blea Ebla Elba albe bael bale beal blea en adjective-forming suffixes productive suffixes Asturian Etymology From ast la -ābilis. Pronunciation Suffix en -able ast -eru en producing ast madera wood maderable [of a plant] wood-producing en -ly, en -al ast melecina medicine melecinable medicinal ast bonu good bonable kind ast calidá quality calidable [of] good quality Related terms ast -ible -tible Derived terms ast Catalan Etymology ca la -ābilis. Pronunciation ca Suffix en -able Usage notes This suffix is used for verbs of the first conjugation, which end in ca -ar and are the most common. For other verbs, the suffix is ca -ible. Derived terms ca References French Etymology fr est :inh frm:-able<id:est> 1 fr frm -able, from fr fro -able, from fr la -ābilis. Pronunciation fr extra-Metropolitan fr LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï--able.wav <<France>> (<<Lyon>>) fr LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick--able.wav <<France>> (<<Somain>>) Suffix en -able Derived terms fr Galician Alternative forms gl -ábel Etymology gl :inh la:-ābilis + 1 Pronunciation gl gl Suffix en -able Derived terms From gl. Middle English Alternative forms enm -abell -abil -abile -abill -abul -abull -abyl -abyll Etymology enm able to :bor fro:-able<id:est> enm fro -able, from enm la -ābilis. Pronunciation enm /-ˈaːbəl/ /-ˈaːblə/ Suffix enm suffix Forming adjectives denoting ability, relevance or inclination; en -able. Derived terms enm Descendants en -able sco -able References -āble adj. suf MED120 Middle French Etymology frm est :inh fro:-able<id:est> 1 frm fro -able, from frm la -ābilis. Pronunciation frm Suffix frm suffix plural -ables en -able Descendants fr -able References Norwegian Bokmål Alternative forms nb -abel nb -abelt Etymology Pronunciation nb /ˈɑːblə/ nb Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «-able».ogg nb ɑːblə nb ab le Suffix nb suffix form singular definite & plural form of -abel Anagrams nb bale bela abel Old French Etymology fro est :inh la:-ābilis<id:est> 1 fro la -ābilis. Pronunciation fro Suffix fro suffix plural -ables worthy of, deserving of fro honorer to honor honnorable honorable -ing, creating an effect, an influence fro forsener to become insane or enraged forsenable maddening Descendants frm -able enm -able 1 1 References http://zeus.atilf.fr/scripts/dmfX.exe?IDF=dmfXaabb;ISIS=isis_dmfL.txt;s=s14033bb8;XMODE=STELLa Portuguese Pronunciation +<bullets:0> Suffix pt Beira Northern Portugal pt -ável Related terms pt -ible Spanish Etymology es :inh osp:-abile<ety:inh<la:-ābilis>> 2 1 Pronunciation +<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Rubýñ--able.wav<a:Costa Rica>> Suffix en -able Derived terms es Further reading