Hui-ning

Huining Huìníng English Etymology From en cmn 會寧//, en cmn-wadegiles - romanization: Hui⁴-ning². Proper noun 1 1 en Huining (Hoeryong, North Korea) en 1882 G. W. Keeton Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade between Chinese and Korean Subjects, 1882 The Development of Extraterritoriality in China https://archive.org/details/volume1developme00keet_0/ 1928 II w:Longmans, Green & Co. 1851192 341 https://archive.org/details/volume1developme00keet_0/page/341/ Article V.—In consideration of the numerous difficulties arising from the authority exercised by local officials over the legal traffic at such places on the boundary as I-chou, Hui-ning, and Ch’ing-yuan, it has now been decided that the people on the frontier shall be free to go to and fro and trade as they please at Ts’e-men and I-chou on the two sides of the Ya-lu River, and at Hun-ch’un and Hui-ning on the two sides of the T’u-men River. en 1938 Stanley F. Wright From the Revision that Failed to the Peking Tariff Conference of 1925-1926 China's Struggle for Tariff Autonomy: 1843-1938 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48581/ Paragon Book Gallery 246192953 406 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48581/page/n420/ The influx into the Chientao (zh 間島) of Corean farmers, hunters, and trappers had long been a burning question before the Governments of China and Japan finally agreed by the Chientao Convention of 1909 or China-Corean Frontier Agreement to recognize the Tumen river as the boundary between Corea and China, and to open Lungchingtsun (zh 龍井村) along with three other places to foreign residence and trade. A Chinese Custom House was accordingly opened here on 1st January 1910, but was made subordinate to the Hunchun (zh 琿春) Customs.² It remained in this subordinate position till July 1924 when the head office was transferred to Lungchingtsun,³ while Hunchun—at which in accordance with the Manchurian Convention of 1905 a Custom House had been opened on 27th December 1909—fell into the position of a branch office. The reason for this deposition of Hunchun was the advent in 1923 of the T’ien T’u (zh 天圖) light railway which running through Lungchingtsun to Yen Chi Fu (zh 延吉府) connected both places with the frontier district of Kaishantun, and thence through Kainei (Hui Ning zh 會甯) to the Corean port of Seishin. on en 1968 Hae-jong Chun Sino-Korean Tributary Relations in the Ch’ing Period w:John King Fairbank The Chinese World Order: Traditional China's Foreign Relations https://archive.org/details/chineseworldorde0000john/ Cambridge, Mass. w:Harvard University Press 68-14255 322527 108 https://archive.org/details/chineseworldorde0000john/page/108/ Furthermore, border trade between the two countries was conducted at Chunggang (Chung-chiang), a small island in the estuary of the Yalu, Hoeryŏng (Hui-ning), and Kyŏng’wŏn (Ch’ing-yüan). The last two places are in the lower Tumen valley. en 1970 Robert H. G. Lee The Geographic and Cultural Foundation of the Chʼing Manchurian Frontier Policy The Manchurian frontier in Chʼing history https://archive.org/details/manchurianfronti0000leer/ Cambridge, Mass. w:Harvard University Press 0-674-54775-6 70-95926 106678 10–11 https://archive.org/details/manchurianfronti0000leer/page/11/ Every year on the tenth lunar month, a trade expedition was sent to Hoi Ryong (Hui-ning in Chinese), a Korean border town, located on the bank of the Tumen River, southeast of Ninguta, where salt, rice, iron, cloth, paper, cattle, and horses were obtained. en 1998 Donald N. Clark Sino-Korean tributary relations under the Ming w:Denis Twitchett; w:Frederick W. Mote w:The Cambridge History of China https://books.google.com/books?id=tVhvh6ibLJcC w:Cambridge University Press 8 2 0521243335 76-29852 1078436489 286 https://books.google.com/books?id=tVhvh6ibLJcC&pg=PA286 Menggetimur (d. 1433),¹⁸ chief of the Odoli subtribe of the Chien-chou Jurchen, had in fact moved into Korea south of the Tumen River. Because he offered tribute to the Choson court and had encamped at Hoeryŏng (Chinese: Hui-ning), the Koreans regarded him as their vassal. en