Macclesfield Bank

English Etymology en Pronunciation en /ˈmækəlzfiːld ˈbæŋk/ Proper noun Macclesfield Bank ~ en elongated sunken atoll of underwater shoals sea/South China Sea. en 1773 Robert Bishop The East India Navigator's Daily Assistant https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-east-india-navigator_bishop-r-captain_1773/ 1204852873 61 https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-east-india-navigator_bishop-r-captain_1773/page/61/ Being in the latitude 15° 48' N. and longitude 5° E. from Sapata, we having a greater ſea that common, we brought to, and ſounded, and had ground 123 fathom, whole and broken ſhells with pieces of coral; we then judged ourſelves on the Weſtermoſt part of Macclesfield Bank, and we afterwards ſounded in ſeventy five fathom, the ſame bottom. And in latitude 16° 04ʹ N. had forty-five fathom. III 448–449 We now ſteered South half Eaſt, with a freſh breeze from the Eaſt North Eaſt, without any occurrence worth remarking, till noon of the 15th ; when, being in latitude 18° 57', and longitude 114°13', the wind veering to the North, we directed our courſe half a point more to the Eaſtward, in order to ſtrike ſoundings over the Maccleſfield Bank. This we effected at eight in the evening of the 16th, and found the depth of water to be fifty fathoms, over a bottom of white ſand and ſhells. This part of the MacclesfiedMacclesfield Shoals we placed in latitude 15° 51', and longitude 114° 20'; which agrees very exactly with the poſition given in Mr. Dalrymple's map, whoſe general accuracy, if it ſtood in need of any ſupport, was confirmed, in this inſtance, by a great number of lunar obſervations, which we had an opportunity of making every day ſince we left the Typa. en 1795 George Robertson Memoir of a Chart of the China Sea https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_memoir-of-a-chart-of-the_robertson-george_1795/ 2nd, corrected 1205538278 4 https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_memoir-of-a-chart-of-the_robertson-george_1795/page/n11/ In leaving the Grand Ladrone, ſhips always endeavour to ſtrike ſoundings on the Macclesfield Bank : ſometimes they are diſappointed ; and when that has been the caſe, all the journals I have ſeen ſhew them to have paſſed to the eaſtward of it. en 1890 November P. W. Bassett-Smith Report on the Corals from the Tizard and Macclesfield Banks, China Sea The Annals and Magazine of Natural History https://archive.org/details/bassett-smith-1890-annalsmagazineof-6189unse/ 35 780054897 356 https://archive.org/details/bassett-smith-1890-annalsmagazineof-6189unse/page/356/ In section C the slope of the plateau continues gradual to a depth of 30 fathoms, and in this respect is similar to the Macclesfield Bank.The Macclesfield Bank (Pl. XIV.) is situated 300 miles to the north of the Tizard ; it is 76 miles in length and 36 broad. — This bank is entirely submerged; the shallowest portion of the rim is 9 fathoms beneath the surface, and inside the bank the depth is from 40 to 50 fathoms.[...]It will be seen from the subjoined tabular list that 129 species of Madrepore corals (Hydrocorallines and Alcyonarians are not here included) have been determined from the Tizard and Macclesfield Banks; of this number 99 species are from the Tizard and 26 from the Macclesfield Bank, whilst 4 only are common to both. en October 16, 1912 THE LAST TYPHOON. w:The China Mail https://archive.org/details/NPCM19121016/ 15,485 12488501 5 https://archive.org/details/NPCM19121016/page/n4/ 3 The Captain was extremely anxious, as the Typhoon struck him when his ship was between the Paracels and Macclesfield Bank. After the weather cleared he found himself in soundings about 20 miles South of Lincoln Island. en 2014 June Clarence J. Bouchat The Paracel Islands and U.S. Interests and Approaches in the South China Sea https://archive.org/details/paracelislandsus0000bouc/ Carlisle, PA United States Army War College Press 1-58487-623-9 884513670 162 https://archive.org/details/paracelislandsus0000bouc/page/162/ Although Vietnam, the PRC, and the ROC all claim the Paracel and Spratly Islands in their entirety (along with Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brunei, which claim parts or all of the Spratleys), Vietnam does not claim Macclesfield Bank or Scarborough Shoal, which lie further to the east or north of those island groups. The Philippines, however, does dispute both of these geologic features with China. en en loosely en Zhongsha. from 20th c. en 1956 Theodore Shabad The Kwangtung-Kwangsi Hills China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of the Chinese People's Republic https://archive.org/details/chinaschangingma0000shab/ New York w:Frederick A. Praeger 55-11530 633834569 6179148M 169 https://archive.org/details/chinaschangingma0000shab/page/169/ The Chungsha group, also known as Macclesfield Bank, just southeast of the Sisha, consists merely of a group of underwater reefs and sandbanks. en 1974 w:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs Fact Sheet from Embassy of the Republic of Viet-Nam Information Office, Washington D.C., January 28, 1974, Entitled "The Sovereignty of the Republic of Viet-Nam Over the Archipelago of Hoang Sa (Paracels)" Oil and Asian Rivals https://archive.org/details/oilasianrivalssi0000unse/ Washington, D.C. w:Government Printing Office 576883233 428, 458 https://archive.org/details/oilasianrivalssi0000unse/page/428/ The ownership of the Pratas Reef and the Macclesfield Bank, both situated closer to China than either Vietnam or the Philippines and smaller than the other two groups, has not been contested; they are Chinese, although with respect to the Macclesfield Bank, it is questionable how to own what lies underwater.[...]The Macclesfield Bank (Chungsha ch’ün-tao) consists of 24 shoals, 3 reefs and 2 banks, all of which are under water. en 1987 Donald E. Weatherbee The South China Sea: From Zone of Conflict to Zone of Peace? Lawrence E. Grinter; Young Whan Kihl East Asian Conflict Zones: Prospects for Regional Stability and Deescalation https://archive.org/details/eastasianconflic0000unse/ w:St. Martin's Press 0-312-00377-3 87-13118 16004840 126 https://archive.org/details/eastasianconflic0000unse/page/126/ The shoals and reefs of Zhongsha (or the Macclesfield Bank) do not emerge even at low water. It does, however, serve as a mid-sea anchorage area. The Chinese (and Taiwanese) assumption of territoriality—even to the extent of naming the submerged formations—provides a reference point for contiguous water and seabed claims. en 1987 w:A. James Gregor U.S. China Policy and Asian Security Arming the Dragon: U.S. Security Ties With the People's Republic of China https://archive.org/details/armingdragonusse0000greg/ 0-89633-119-9 87-24493 906502987 110 https://archive.org/details/armingdragonusse0000greg/page/110/ Moscow’s growing relationship with India and its military occupation of Afghanistan proceeded as though Communist China did not exist. The USSR has settled into military bases in Southeast Asia, and its navy uses the Macclesfield Bank as a mid-sea anchorage, despite Communist China’s complaints. en May 24, 2016 Michael Gau<t:zh 高聖惕> Why Does China Ignore South China Sea Arbitration Brought By the Philippines? Kuomintang Official Website https://web.archive.org/web/20240430100435/http://www1.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=article&mnum=112&anum=17773 April 30, 2024 http://www1.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=article&mnum=112&anum=17773 w:United Daily News General News In addition, the Philippines claimed that it had sovereignty over the Scarborough Shoal in the Chungsha Islands (Macclesfield Bank), and demanded that China respect its rights and freedom of navigation in the region and abide by the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, COLREG).The Philippines has argued that it has sovereignty over the Scarborough Shoal in the Chungsha Islands (Macclesfield Bank). en 2022/01/18 Muzliza Mustafa Malaysian FM sees shift in China’s justification of sweeping South China Sea claims https://web.archive.org/web/20220118210801/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/malaysia-southchinasea-01182022151031.html 18 January 2022 w:Radio Free Asia The Zhongsha Qundao, or Macclesfield Bank area, is actually entirely underwater, and not an archipelago, experts say. en Usage notes The natural feature Macclesfield Bank does not extend to all the areas of Zhongsha / Chungsha; however, Zhongsha / Chungsha is often explicitly or impliedly equated with Macclesfield Bank. Translations Chinese: Cantonese: yue Mandarin: cmn 馬科斯菲爾德沙洲, cmn 中沙 Japanese: ja Further reading en 1952 Macclesfield Bank Leon E. Seltzer The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World https://archive.org/details/columbialippinco00selt/ Morningside Heights, NY Columbia University Press 802473294 1106 https://archive.org/details/columbialippinco00selt/page/1106/ 1 Macclesfield Bank en 1998 Zhongsha Islands Saul B. Cohen The Columbia Gazetteer of the World https://archive.org/details/columbiagazettee03cohe/ 3 New York Columbia University Press 0-231-11040-5 98-071262 164337564 3565 https://archive.org/details/columbiagazettee03cohe/page/3565/ 2 Also called Macclesfield Bank. en Oceanography Places