-'da

Appendix:Variations of "da" Ye'kwana Alternative forms mch -'cha i- -'da i- -'cha allomorphs Etymology From mch sai-car-pro *pɨra; compare apy pyra, apy -ra, car -`pa, tri -hra, way -la, waw pïra, waw -hra, ake pïra, mbc pra, aoc püra. Pronunciation Suffix mch suffix Negates a verb, resulting in a non-finite adverbial form that cannot bear tense, aspect, or mood markers. Negates a postposition or adverb, including nominal elements adverbialized with mch -je. Usage notes When this suffix is attached to intransitive verb stems, they do not bear person markers. Consonant-initial stems experience palatalization of their initial consonants, and, if a stem begins with two consonants, this suffix takes the form of a circumfix mch i- -'da instead of its ordinary shape. With transitive verb stems, on the other hand, person markers are present and agree with the patient argument of the verb; first- and second-person markers are series I, while the third-person marker is mch ön- (or one of its allomorphs), which is also found with other negative verb forms. The suffix form mch -'cha is found after stems that end in mch i. This suffix can also cause reduction of the preceding syllable. Derived terms mch References 125, 136, 156–157, 199–200, 204–205 -'da 220, 309–311 The phoneme /d/ also appears as the morphophonemic alternant /ch/ when the morpheme dea' 'the same' occurs following /i/ or /y/; likewise, 'da 'not' occurs as 'cha: 'da > *'dya > 'cha 'not' prepositions, predicate adjectives and topicalized independent nominals are marked by the verbal modal suffix 'da for negation.