-de

Appendix:Variations of "de" Afrikaans Etymology af nl -de. Pronunciation af af af -de Suffix - forms ordinal numbers from cardinal numbers; -st, -th, -nd af -ste af twee tweede af nege negende Usage notes The ordinal numbers 2 to 19, except for 8, are formed with this suffix. The ordinals of 1, 8 and numbers greater than 19 are formed with af -ste, except where hundred, thousand, etc., combine with a number between 2 and 19, for example af honderd-en-tweede hundred and second, af honderd-en-vyfde hundred and fifth, but af honderd-en-agtste hundred and eighth. The suffix can also be written after a number written in digits (af 2de, af 9de). Derived terms af af adjective-forming suffixes Ahtna Alternative forms aht -den Etymology Compare nv -di, hup -ding, both serving as multiplicative suffixes. Suffix aht suffix Refers to a specific place or time; often used to form nouns from verbs. forms adverbs from numerals with a meaning of "a certain number of times" or "(in) a certain number of places;" equivalent to en -ce in once, twice, thrice Derived terms aht aht -den Related terms aht den- aht -doxe aht -t References 150-151 Danish Etymology From da non -ð, from da gem-pro *-iþō. Pronunciation da /-də/ [-d̥ə] the previous syllable always has the stød when possible Suffix n r -th forms nouns from quantitative adjectives Declension n r Derived terms da bredde drøjde dybde højde længde mængde tyngde vidde Dutch Pronunciation nl /-də/ nl Nl--de.ogg nl ə 1 nl -de Etymology 1 Compare en -th in en fourth and de -te in de zweite. Alternative forms nl -ste -e Suffix - forms ordinal numbers from cardinal numbers nl twee tweede nl negen negende Usage notes The ordinal numbers of all numbers from 1 to 19 are formed with this suffix, except nl eerste and nl achtste. Ordinals of higher numbers are formed with nl -ste. The suffix can also be written after a number written in digits (nl 2de, nl 9de). The e is sometimes written in superscript, like in French (nl 2de, nl 9de), but this is discouraged by the Dutch Language Union.nl https://taaladvies.net/1o-2o-3o-of-1e-2e-3e-of-1ste-2de-3de/ Taaladvies.net 1°, 2°, 3° / 1ᵉ, 2ᵉ, 3ᵉ / 1ste, 2de, 3de / 1e, 2e, 3e 2021-05-12T13:27:41Z beheerder 2026-01-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20230329124416/https://taaladvies.net/1o-2o-3o-of-1e-2e-3e-of-1ste-2de-3de/ 2023-03-29 taal:unie Declension - - Etymology 2 Cognate with en -ed; derives from a Germanic verb form of to do. Alternative forms nl -te after voiceless consonants Suffix nl suffix inflectional suffixes a suffix that forms the singular of the past tense of weak verbs nl spelen speelde Etymology 3 From nl dum -dī, from a contraction of the þ in nl gem-pro *-aiþ second person plural ending and gem-pro *jīz you (plural),nl https://taalaandewandel.com/2021/02/13/hedde-gij/ Taal aan de wandel Hedde gij 2021-02-13T11:19:21Z 2026-01-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20241230105535/https://taalaandewandel.com/2021/02/13/hedde-gij/ 2026-01-18 somewhat comparable to is þér. Sometimes incorrectly seen as a remnant of dum du you. Alternative forms nl -te after voiceless consonants Suffix nl suffixnl Belgium Brabant colloquial indicates second person in inversion, substituting or supplementing nl gij; you nl Gade vandaag naar huis? Do you go home today? References German Etymology From de gmh -ede, from de goh -ida, from de gem-pro *-iþō. Compare the equally rare doublet de -te (from Low German). Cognate with nl -te, en -th. Pronunciation de /-də/ de ə 1 de -de Suffix de suffix de rare not productive forms abstract nouns from adjectives de gemein common Gemeinde community Derived terms de Hungarian Etymology hu Pronunciation hu Hu-de.ogg hu dɛ 1 hu -de Suffix hu noun-forming suffix Added to a verb or a noun to form a noun indicating the place of the action. hu zene<t:music> zenede<t:music school> Usage notes Declension -dé e y y-dé Derived terms hu noun See also Appendix:Hungarian suffixes hu noun-forming suffixes Japanese Romanization で Latin Pronunciation -de la -de Verb la verb form la -dō 2 s pres act imp Low German Etymology From nds gml -ede, from nds osx -itha, from nds gem-pro *-iþō. Cognate with nl -te, en -th. Pronunciation nds /-də/ nds ə 1 nds -de Suffix f appended to an adjective, making a feminine noun referring to the size of the quality referred to by the adjective, cognate to nds hooch Hööchde nds deep Deepde nds eng Engde nds lang<t:long> Längde<t:length> appended to the stem of a verb, yields a feminine noun which refers to the object of such a verb nds schamen Schaamde nds bögen Böögde Usage notes The use of the suffix is widespread in Northern Germany, however, some Low German varieties show a partial or complete suppression of the suffix. Most words listed above can also be found without the suffix, though this varies depending on the person speaking and the word. For example, nds Süükde is more often found as nds Süük with no suffix, than the original form with suffix. nds Hööchde can be found as nds Hööchd and nds Leevde as nds Leevd, with loss of the final -e. Though this process exists, the forms in -de remain largely prominent, with the notable exception of the following words: nds Süükde → nds Süük, nds Stillde → nds Still, nds Mengde → nds Meng, nds Stärkde → both nds Stärkde and nds Stärkd. Some words show only a form in -t, which is basically derived from the -de suffix. Examples of such words are nds Grött size and nds Hitt heat. Derived terms nds nds Böögde Deepde Dickde Drockde Dröögde Engde Grötte,Grött Hitt Hööchde Köhlde Leevde Längde Mengde,Meng Möögde Neegde Schaamde Stillde,Still Stärkde,Starkde Süükde Related terms nds -te nds -t nds noun-forming suffixes Lower Tanana Alternative forms taa -denh -t Etymology From taa ath-pro *-dən. Compare aht -de, nv -di. Pronunciation taa /-tə/ taa ə 1 taa -de Suffix taa suffix forms adverbs from numerals indicating a number of times taa notixde twice taa toxde thrice at a specific place or time when, where, whenever, at that time Derived terms taa taa -t taa -denh taa degu/taa degw here, around here taa denh meeting taa de'ogw at times taa niɬdegwti here and there, in some places taa yegedenh taking turns Related terms taa -i taa -na taa -xw References Middle English Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -the ordinal ordinal suffix Murui Huitoto Etymology Cognates include hto -de and hux -de. Pronunciation huu ɛ 1 huu -de Suffix huu suffix used to derive verbs from roots Conjugation + Derived terms huu References 103 Norwegian Bokmål Etymology nb non -ði weak-verb simple-past ending, containing the inherited Germanic dental preterite marker. In Bokmål, it appears as nb -de in the traditional nb leve to live class and in certain irregular verbs. Compare nn -de, da -de and sv -de weak-verb simple-past ending. Pronunciation nb /də/ nb də 1 nb -de Suffix nb suffix An inflectional suffix forming the simple past of certain weak and irregular verbs. nb leve -de to live simple-past suffix → nb levde lived nb prøve -de to try, test simple-past suffix → nb prøvde tried, tested nb bygge -de to build simple-past suffix → nb bygde built nb eie -de to own simple-past suffix → nb eide owned nb kreve -de to demand, require simple-past suffix → nb krevde demanded, required nb De bygde huset selv. They built the house themselves. The ending occurring in the definite singular and plural forms of past participles whose basic form ends in nb -d. nb prøvd tried, tested → nb prøvde tried, tested; definite singular and plural nb bygd built → nb bygde built; definite singular and plural nb bøyd bent, inflected → nb bøyde bent, inflected; definite singular and plural nb krevd demanded, required → nb krevde demanded, required; definite singular and plural nb De bygde husene var solide. The built houses were sturdy. Usage notes In the simple past, nb -de normally corresponds to a supine and basic past participle in nb -d: nb leve to live — nb levde lived — nb levd lived nb prøve to try, test — nb prøvde tried, tested — nb prøvd tried, tested nb bygge to build — nb bygde built — nb bygd built nb eie to own — nb eide owned — nb eid owned The definite and plural participial ending is synchronically more transparently analysed as the basic participial suffix nb -d followed by the adjective ending nb -e: nb prøvd tried, tested + nb -e → nb prøvde tried, tested nb bygd built + nb -e → nb bygde built With infinitives ending in unstressed ⟨e⟩, that vowel is removed before the simple-past ending: nb leve to live → nb levde lived nb prøve to try, test → nb prøvde tried, tested nb kreve to demand, require → nb krevde demanded, required A doubled stem-final consonant is written as a single consonant before nb -de: nb bygge to build → nb bygde built nb tygge to chew → nb tygde chewed The suffix is especially common after stems ending in a diphthong, ⟨g⟩ or ⟨v⟩, but its distribution is partly lexical and must be checked for each verb. Some verbs permit alternative conjugations. For example, nb bygge to build has nb bygde and nb bygd, alongside nb bygget in both the simple past and supine. Certain irregular verbs have a simple past ending in nb -de but a differently formed supine. nb gjøre to do, make has simple past nb gjorde did, made but supine nb gjort done, made. A form in nb -de may therefore be ambiguous between a finite verb and an inflected participle: de bygde husene = they built the houses de bygde husene = the built houses Derived terms nb bygde built nb bøyde bent; inflected nb døde died nb eide owned nb føyde joined; complied nb greide managed nb gjorde did, made nb jagde chased nb klagde complained nb krevde demanded, required nb lagde made nb leide rented; led nb levde lived nb pleide used to; nursed nb pløyde ploughed nb prøvde tried, tested nb strevde struggled nb tygde chewed nb veide weighed nb øvde practised See also nb -d supine and past-participle ending nb -e definite singular and plural adjective ending nb -dde weak-verb simple-past ending nb -te weak-verb simple-past ending nb -et weak-verb simple-past, supine and past-participle ending nb -a weak-verb simple-past, supine and past-participle ending References “supinum – grammatikk” in Store norske leksikon. “Adjektiver og partisipper”, Språkrådet. Old English Pronunciation -de ang e 1 ang -de Suffix verbf 1 marks the first and third person singular preterite indicative of some class I and class III weak verbs ang ċierran<t:to turn> ċierde<t:I/he/she/it turned> ang habban<t:to have> hæfde<t:I/he/she/it had> See also ang -ede ang -te Old Irish Alternative forms sga -da -dae -ide -ta -tae Etymology From sga cel-pro *-adyos, cognate with wlm -eid.2 19.5, 21.2 Kim McCone 121, 127 Suffix used to form adjectives from nouns, denoting quality, kind, origin or material sga Gréc<t:Greek><pos:noun> grécdae<t:Greek><pos:adjective> Derived terms sga Descendants mga -da -ide ga -ga -aí References Further reading 347 sga adjective-forming suffixes Potawatomi Etymology pot Pronunciation -te Suffix pot suffix an pot intransitive 1 present tense of pot g-<id:independent> gde-<id:independent> pot n-<id:independent> nde-<id:independent> pot w-<id:independent> wde-<id:independent> Derived terms pot gde- pot nde- pot wde- See also pot é Swedish Alternative forms sv -te Suffix sv suffix creates the past tense of weak verbs in the first conjugation sv att simma<t:to swim> simmade<t:swam> sv att träffa<t:to hit> träffade<t:hit past> Usage notes Colloquially the suffix can be completely dropped and it is understood out of context that it is the past and not nominative sense that is used. In written form to clarify however, it might be good to mark this out with an apostrophe ('). Example of this: sv Jag simma' 25 meter! I swam 25 meters! See also sv -te sv -dde sv -t Anagrams sv de e.d. ed sv inflectional suffixes Turkish Etymology From tr ota ـده -de locative suffix, from tr trk-pro *-te locative suffix, front vowel variant of trk-pro *-ta. Cognate with xqa ـدا -dē locative suffix, otk 𐱅𐰀 -te locative suffix. Pronunciation tr e 1 tr -de Suffix inflectional used to form locative of nouns tr köy<t:village> köyde<t:in/at village> indicates time; at tr beşte at five o'clock tr kapanış saatinde at closing time when tr Yoğun bakımda kendine geldiğinde ilk sözü "Ne zaman aşı yaptırabilirim" oldu. First thing he said when he regained consciousness in the intensive care was "when can I get vaccinated". over tr beşte üç three over five tr yüz hundred yüzde percent Usage notes This version is used when the noun's final vowel is a front vowel (Ee, İi, Öö, or Üü). In cases where a noun's final vowel is a back vowel (Aa, Iı, Oo, or Uu) and doesn't end with a clear l sound, it takes the form “tr -da”. tr okul → tr okulda It takes the form of “tr -te” when the noun’s final consonant is devoiced. tr ofis → tr ofiste An apostrophe is mandatory when forming the locative of a proper noun. tr Türkiye → tr Türkiye'de Türkiye’de Derived terms tr Related terms tr -deki tr -nde tr -da tr -te Wutunhua Pronunciation wuh [tə] wuh ə 1 wuh -de Etymology 1 From wuh cmn - 的. Suffix wuh suffix -'s, of but with the order switched; attached to nouns to mark the genitive case wuh nga-n-de hua our speech (the local name for the Wutunhua language) wuh gu da gejhai-de niren-ha gga-la-di mi-li. He doesn't like his girlfriend anymore. (Quoted in Sandman, p. 94) wuh ngu reben-de ren-ha qong-je-lio. I met a person from Japan. (Quoted in Sandman, p. 120) that, who; attached to nouns, adjectives, verbs, or phrases to mark them as attributive wuh jjekzhen je-ge-li zui xho-de ti the best place in this world; the place which is best in this world (Quoted in Sandman, p. 146) -ing; attached to verbals to form a noun phrase or nominal expression wuh gu qhi-di-de-ge ngu sawo jedo-gu-lio. I know that he went away. As for his going, I know it. (Quoted in Sandman, p. 142) -er; attached to verbs to form agent nouns wuh lu wanlan-de construction worker road-maker wuh xai-de writing tool writer wuh en lhazzo-de bbakzzo-de en da rek mezzhawo jhi-ge yek-li. There are thangka painters and mask painters; there are different kinds of professionals. (Quoted in Sandman, p. 140) attached for emphasis wuh a a da mazang-de. Oh, oh, that is very bad! (Quoted in Sandman, p. 141) Etymology 2 wuh Suffix wuh suffix so much that attached to the main verb wuh gu ni ddo-di-de gu-dera qe-di mi-li. S/he thinks about you so much that it is impossible for him/her to eat any of those. (Quoted in Sandman, p. 137) attached to the main verb to indicate that the subsequent verb or adjective is used as an adverb of the main verb wuh gu xai-de xaige xho-li. S/he writes very well. (Quoted in Sandman, p. 137) References Ye'kwana Pronunciation mch e 1 Etymology 1 mch Suffix mch suffix intensifier that attaches to adverbs, used especially in contexts of surprise used in certain contexts to soften speech or make it more polite Usage notes This morpheme is properly a clitic rather than a suffix. Etymology 2 mch Suffix mch suffix again, anew Usage notes This morpheme is properly a clitic rather than a suffix. It causes lengthening of the preceding vowel of the word it attaches to. References 162, 222 ⸗de, ⸗:de