411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
-ee
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
Appendix:Variations of "ee"
English
Etymology 1
en object of action :inh enm:-ee<ety:bor<fro:-é<id:adjective>>> 1
From en enm -ee, enm -e -ē, from en xno - and en fro -ee, en fr -é, fr -ée, endings forming past participle of verbs ending in fr -er. en -ate. More distantly related to inherited en -ed.
Suffix
s
Added to transitive verbs to form words meaning a person or thing that is the object of that verb (i.e., to whom or to which an action is done).
en -ed
en -er
en examine examinee
en interview interviewee
en train trainee
en employ employee
en less common Added to intransitive verbs to form words meaning a person or thing that is the subject of that verb (that is, who or that does an action).
en absent absentee
en respond respondee
en stand standee
en post postee
en law Used to form words meaning a person who is the other party to a contract or other transaction involving a person described by the corresponding word ending in en -or.
en -or
en assign assignee
en legate legatee
en mortgage mortgagee
en medicine Used to form words meaning a person who has undergone a particular medical procedure.
en laryngectomy laryngectomee
Irregularly added to nouns to mean a person somehow associated with the object denoted by the noun.
en barge bargee
en tender tenderee
en venereal venerealee
Derived terms
en
Translations
The translation tables below are a guide only. See individual words formed using this suffix for more precise translations.
forming words meaning a person to whom or a thing to which an action is done
Albanian: sq -të, sq -atë
Esperanto: eo -ato
Finnish: fi -tu
French: fr -é m, fr -ée f
German: de ge- prefix + de -er m, de -e f, de -es n, de -en p strong, de -e weak
Ido: io -ato, io -ario
Irish: ga -aí m agent
Italian: it -ato m, it -ata f
Japanese: ja 被 hi- prefix
Spanish: es -ado m, es -ada f
Welsh: cy -ai
forming words meaning a person who or a thing that does an action, especially where a passive sense of the verb is implied
French: fr -eur m, fr -euse f
Irish: ga -aí m agent
Italian: it -tore m, it -trice f
law: forming words meaning a person who is the other party to a contract
Irish: ga -aí m agent
medicine: forming words meaning a person who has undergone a particular medical procedure
irregularly added to nouns to mean a person somehow associated with the object denoted by the noun
Slovak: sk -ec
Etymology 2
en diminutive
Perhaps a variation on en -ie and en -yT.F. Hoad, Concise Dictionary of English Etymology, 978-0-19-283098-2; headword -ee
Suffix
en diminutive Used to form diminutives.
en suffixes -cule -el -et -ette -icle -ie -kin -le<id:diminutive> -let -ling -ole -ule -y prefixes mini- micro- nano-
en boot bootee
en goat goatee
en settle settee
Synonyms
diminutive affix en mini-, en micro-, en nano-, en -ette, en -y, en -icle/en -cule/en -ule/en -ole
Antonyms
diminutive affix en super-, en supra-, en hyper-, en ultra-, en uber-, en macro-, en arch-, en over-, en mega-, en giga-, en -zilla, en grand, en great
Derived terms
en diminutive
Translations
The translation table below is a guide only. See individual words formed using this suffix for more precise translations.
used to form diminutives
Hungarian: hu -cska/hu -cske
Italian: it -etto, it -ino
Etymology 3
Chinese Pidgin English
en derogatory
Most likely derived from the rudimentary English used by Chinese immigrants to America during the 17th to 19th centuries. The ee (/iː/) sound would be Epenthesis added by those speakers to “cushion” the final consonants of English words so as to make them sound more euphonic and be easier to speak, which is naturally done also by native speakers of highly syllabic languages (such as Italian, Japanese and Brazilian Portuguese).
1 Phenomenon explanation
Vowels following consonants is the default (or natural) state of human speech, with Modern English being an outlier at that. Compare child-directed words—such as en Daddy, en blankie, en doggy and en horsy#Noun—which end with the /iː/ vowel too and arise naturally from children's rudimentary, developing pronunciations of the corresponding consonant-final words (Dad, hors(e) etc.), following the same principle described above.
Suffix
en offensive derogatory Used in mimicking English as stereotypically spoken by the Chinese.
en 1897 The Outlook 56 1044 "No stealee. You no thinkee? Chinaman no thinkee stealee!" he said, earnestly.
en 1938 Minnesota Journal of Education 19 52 A Chinaman had a toothache, and phoned a dentist for an appointment. Doctor: "Two-thirty all right?" Chinaman: "Yes, tooth hurtee, all light. What time I come?"
Related terms
en no tickee, no washee
Etymology 4
en infinitival
Suffix
en -y infinitival infinitive suffix.
References
Finnish
Etymology
See fi -ea. With vowel assimilation.
Suffix
adjective fi colloquial or dialectal
fi -ea
Usage notes
Predominant type in the Tavastian and Savonian dialects. Well preserved even in urban speech.
Used in the same way as the standard fi -ea: e.g. fi korkee "high", standard fi korkea.
Especially in the Savonian dialects, shorter words with the suffix are subject to consonant gemination: fi pimeä > fi pimmee.
Latin
Pronunciation
Suffix
la suffix form
la -eus voc m s
Manx
Etymology
From gv sga -igidir (whence also ga -igh and gd -ich), originally a denominative verb formative, from gv cel-pro *-sagyetor; compare cy -hau.
Pronunciation
gv /i/
Suffix
v
Suffix used to form verbs from nouns.
Usage notes
Affixed verbs ending in -ee form a sizeable number of verbs. Some monosyllabic verbs in Manx (which historically are not from affixes), however, are not a result of affixation, such as niee "to wash".
Derived terms
gv
See also
gv -al
Middle French
Etymology 1
frm measure :inh fro:<ety:inh<la:-āta>>
frm la -āta.
Suffix
f
forms a feminine noun indicating a quantity or content measured by what the base noun denotes, often translatable as en -ful in English.
Derived terms
frm measure
Descendants
fr -ée f measure
Etymology 2
frm -eum :inh la:-ēum
frm la -ēum n, from frm grc -εῖον n, originating in the substantivized neuter of grc -εῖος adjective suffix.
Suffix
m
frm -eum
frm prytane prytanee
Derived terms
frm -eum
Descendants
fr -ée m -eum
Etymology 3
frm -eus :lbor la:-eus<id:borrowed noun>
frm la -eus<id:borrowed noun>.
Suffix
m
ending found in male names from Greek
frm Neree Nereus
frm Persee Perseus
Derived terms
frm -eus
Descendants
fr -ée<id:-eus><g:m>
Navajo
Pronunciation
nv /-èː/
Suffix
nv suffix
adverbializing enclitic
nv hashkéhee in a mean or angry way
nv tąądee slowly, leisurely, gradually, little by little
nv tʼáá ádíláahee in an annoying manner
nv tʼáá łaʼ bizhiʼee united, all standing together
nv tʼáá naʼńleʼee sloppily, carelessly, roughly
nv tʼáadoo yistiʼee freely, boldly, without hesitation
nv tʼáá nanitʼinee secretly, covertly
nv tsʼísee kehgo physically, carnally
Derived terms
nv
Somali
Etymology
Compare dsh -esh and om -essuu.
Suffix
so suffix -èe infinitive -ayn
factitive suffix
Derived terms
so
Spanish
Suffix
es suffix form
-ear
Yola
Alternative forms
yol -ie -y
Etymology
From yol enm -y, from yol ang -iġ, from yol gmw-pro *-g.
Pronunciation
yol /-iː/
Suffix
yol suffix
Added to nouns to form adjectives.
Derived terms
yol -ee