Adele M. Fielde

Adele M. Fielde Adele Marion Fielde (March 30, 1839 – February 23, 1916) was a missionary in Shantou, China for the American Baptist Missionary Union, an author, a feminist, a social and political activist, and a Myrmecology myrmecologist, known for inventing the Fielde nest. She was in 1894 a founding member of the League for Political Education and, in the last few years of her life, a trustee of the Seattle Public Library. In 1914 she was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Quotes Standard Chinese phonology#Tones Every Chinese word has a tone, inseparable from its pronunciation. In the Teochew Min Tîe Ciu dialect there are eight tones, which can be acquired only from a living teacher. First Lessons in the Swatow Dialect Swatow, China Swatow Print Office Company 1878 https://books.google.com/books?id=uXVHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA2 2 (427 pages) The wife may be divorced for Common scold scolding, Infertility barrenness, Lascivious behavior lasciviousness, leprosy, Obedience disobedience to her husband's parents, and thieving; but all these causes are null when her parents are not alive to receive her back again. A man cannot have more than one wife, but he may take concubines, whose children are legally subject to the authority of the wife, as Bilhah's were to Rachel. Public opinion does not however justify the taking of a concubine except when the wife has borne no sons. In regions where the people are very poor, it is uncommon for a man to have more than one wife.A husband may beat his wife to death, and go unpunished ; but a wife who strikes her husband a single blow may be divorced, and beaten a hundred blows with the heavy bamboo.As long as a woman is childless, she serves; as soon as she becomes a mother, she begins to rule, and her dominion increases perpetually with the number of her descendants and the diminution of her elders. Married at fifteen, she is often a great-grandmother at sixty, and is the head of a household of some dozens of persons.So greatly does the welfare of the wife depend on her having sons, that it is not strange that they are her greatest desire, and her chief pride. For them she will sacrifice all else. Her daughters leave her and become legally and truly an integral part of another family forever. For domestic service, care in sickness, help in old age, and offerings for the sustenance of her spirit after death, she must rely on her son's wife, while her own daughter performs these services for someone else. The prosperity of a Chinese household is in proportion to the number of its sons. Pagoda shadows : studies from life in China 1885 Boston W.G. Corthell 6 text at archive.org In the Shantou Swatow region probably nine tenths of the men are engaged in agriculture. The farmers live in villages, isolated dwellings being uncommon. The villages are walled, contain no wasted space, and are densely peopled. The wide-spreading, flat fields, lying along the river-banks at the foot of the hills, may be made to yield a constant series of crops without interval on account of winter. Their chief productions are rice, Sugarcane sugar-cane, sweet potatoes, Vigna pulse, garden vegetables, peanuts, indigo, sesamum, ginger, the Boehmeria nivea grass-cloth plant, tobacco, and wheat. Rice is the staple food of the people, and in the best years the local product just supplies the local demand. Sugar#Sugarcane Sugar is the principal export. The cane requires less labour than any other crop, and will grow upon unwatered land, which is unsuitable for rice-culture. One crop of cane or two crops of other produce may be grown in the same year upon unwatered land. On the best rice-fields three crops are sometimes raised. The early rice is sowed in April and harvested in July; the late rice is sowed in August and harvested in November, and the field is then sometimes planted with garden vegetables, which are pulled in March. The expense of fertilizing the third crop is so nearly equal to its value that it is never reckoned as a source of profit to the cultivator. A Corner of Cathay: Studies from Life among the Chinese 1894 New York Macmillan & Company 1–2 (xi+286 pages; text at archive.org) Worker ants deprived of the Insect morphology#Abdomen abdomen sometimes run with great speed, continue to care for the young in the Ant colony nest, fight with aliens of their own or other species, and they may for some days behave as if unconscious of loss. A Stenamma fulvum Ant#Reproduction queen deprived of her abdomen lived thereafter for fourteen days in one of my artificial nests, and was seen to eat. A ‘’Formica subsericea’’ worker lived without her abdomen for five days.M. Charles Janet mentions ... an ant that lived nineteen days after decapitation. In experiments made by me, headless ants have continued to walk about for many days. November 1904 Tenacity of life in ants The Biological Bulletin 7 6 300–309 https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.2307/1535614 10.2307/1535614 (quote from p. 300) Quotes about Adele M. Fielde Miss Fielde has devised a very useful glass-nest, which is compact and light and has many advantages over the nests of the John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury#Archaeology and biological science Lubbock and Charles Janet#Entomology Janet patterns. William Morton Wheeler, Ants: Their Structure, Development and Behavior Columbia University Biological Series, IX New York Columbia University Press 1910 https://books.google.com/books?id=zc0GAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA551 551 (663 pages) External links Adele Marion Fielde Category:1839 births Category:1916 deaths Category:Missionaries from the United States Category:Baptists from the United States Category:Entomologists Category:Feminists from the United States Category:Non-fiction authors from the United States Category:Science authors from the United States Category:Scientists from New York (state) Category:Women born in the 19th century Category:Women scientists from the United States Category:Zoologists from the United States