Christine Ladd-Franklin

Christine Ladd-Franklin (December 1, 1847 – March 5, 1930) was an American psychologist, logician, mathematician, and pioneering activist for equal educational and career opportunities for women. She is known for her theory of evolution of color vision. She was elected in 1899 a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Quotes I shall adopt the convention by which particular propositions are taken as implying the existence of their subjects, and universal propositions as not implying the existence of their subjects. William Stanley Jevons Mr. Jevons would infer that the two propositions    The sea-serpent is not found in the water,    The sea-serpent is not found out of the water,are contradictory; bur Hugh MacColl Mr. McColl, John Venn Mr. Venn, and Charles Sanders Peirce Mr. Peirce would infer that the sea-serpent does not exist. With this convention, contradiction can never exist between universal propositions nor between particular propositions taken by themselves. A universal proportion can be contradicted only by a particular proposition, and a particular only by a universal. The above premises are inconsistent with    The sea-serpent has (at least once) has been found.With this convention, hypothetical and categorical propositions receive the same formal treatment.If a, then b    =     all a is b     =      a implies b. (Peirce.) On the Algebra of Logic by Christine Ladd Studies in Logic Boston Little, Brown, and Company https://books.google.com/books/about/Studies_in_Logic.html?id=xq8RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA23 1883 17–71 (quote from p. 23; edited by Charles Sanders Peirce) The whole field of Deductive Logic, even when thought of merely in the terms of common language, has acquired, for the student of Logic#Formal logic Symbolic Logic, a symmetry and a completeness and a simplicity which it is, apparently, far from possessing in the minds of its usual exponents. The natural repugnance which the ordinary logician felt, at first, to seeing processes of deductive reasoning made the subject of a great development by a purely mechanical process, has in great part passed away; it would have been hard for it to survive the eloquent persuasiveness of John Venn Mr. Venn's Symbolic Logic. It seems, therefore, to be time for the simplified ways of looking at things which prevail in Symbolic Logic to begin to sink into the elementary expositions of the subject. 1890 Some proposed reforms in common logic Mind (journal) Mind 15 57 75–88 text at archive.org What gives significance and value to truths is that they permit of interesting predictions. Epistemology for the Logician by Christine Ladd-Franklin Bericht über den III. Internationalen Kongress für Philosophie zu Heidelberg, September 1908 664–670 https://books.google.com/books?id=dIQuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA673 Heidelberg 1909 Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung (quote on p. 669; edited by Prof. Dr. Theodor Elsenhans) Charles Sanders Peirce Peirce … was of the brooding type. He sat when he addressed his handful of students (who turned out afterwards, however, to be a not unimportant handful) and he had all the air, as has been noted by Joseph Jastrow Professor Jastrow, of the typical philosopher who is engaged, at the moment, in bringing fresh truth by divination out of some inexhaustible well. He got his effect not by anything that could be called an inspiring personality, in the usual sense of the term, but rather by creating the impression that we had before us a profound, original, dispassionate and impassioned seeker of truth. No effort was made to create a connected and not inconsistent whole out of the matter of each lecture. In fact, so devious and unpredictable was his course that he once, to the delight of his students, proposed at the end of his lecture, that we should form (for greater freedom of discussion) a Metaphysical Club, though he had begun the lecture by defining metaphysics to be the “science of unclear thinking.” The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 13 26 December 1916 715–722 10.2307/2012321 Charles S. Peirce at the Johns Hopkins https://www.pdcnet.org/jppsm/content/jppsm_1916_0013_0026_0715_0722 New York The Science Press (quote from pp. 717–718; edited by Frederick James Eugene Woodbridge and Wendell Ter Brush) Quotes about Christine Ladd-Franklin In their attempts to get around these artificial barriers and inconsistencies, early women scientists developed a great many strategies. These tended to be of two sorts. One was the idealistic, liberal-to-radical, and often confrontational strategy of demanding that society reject all stereotypes and work for the feminist goal of full equality. This involved writing angry letters and otherwise documenting the "unfairness" of the unequal opportunities open to men and women. The most prominent and successful strategist of this school was Christine Ladd-Franklin, a Vassar College graduate of the 1860s, would-be physicist turned mathematician, psychologist, and logician, who for fifty years, worked shrewdly and tirelessly for educated women. Her greatest triumph was in opening graduate schools to women in the 1890s, and thus allowing women to earn the same doctorates as men. Margaret W. Rossiter, Introduction Women Scientists in America: Volume One. Struggles and Strategies to 1940 Johns Hopkins University Press 1982 https://books.google.com/books?id=jJr6ZfkDbE4C&pg=PR17 xvii 0-8018-2509-1 External links Christine Ladd-Franklin '1869 Vassar Encyclopedia https://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/distinguished-alumni/christine-ladd-franklin/ Category:1847 births Category:1930 deaths Category:Educators from the United States Category:Feminists from the United States Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty Category:Logicians from the United States Category:Mathematicians from the United States Category:Non-fiction authors from the United States Category:Psychologists from the United States Category:Vassar College alumni Category:Women activists from the United States Category:Women authors from the United States Category:Women born in the 19th century Category:Women's rights activists