Chelsea Rochman

Chelsea Rochman Chelsea Marina Rochman (born November 26, 1981) is an American marine and freshwater ecologist, scientific advisor to the Ocean Conservancy, editor for Science of the Total Environment, and leading expert on Marine plastic pollution plastic pollution in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Quotes Effects from small plastic debris and sorbed chemicals may not be additive and future research is needed to identify the nature of the risks from this combination of stressors. It is likely that the risk to an organism will vary by type and size of plastic debris, which may affect its ability to concentrate chemicals from ambient water ... and Bioaccumulation bioaccumulate in Tissue (biology) tissues … Risks may also vary over space and time due to the concentration of hazardous chemicals available for sorption ... and the length of time the debris has interacted with ambient water and sunlight. Photodegradation of plastic increases surface area, and may enable greater accumulation of hazardous chemicals. Such complexity begs the initiation of research programs and risk assessments that are ecologically relevant ... Environmental Science & Technology March 2013 47 6 2439–2440 10.1021/es400748b Plastics and priority pollutants: a multiple stressor in aquatic habitats https://rochmanlab.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/rochman-viewpoint.pdf For decades we have learned about the physical hazards associated with Marine debris#Microplastics plastic debris in the Ocean marine environment, but recently we are beginning to realize the chemical hazards. Assessing hazards associated with plastic in Aquatic ecosystems aquatic habitats is not simple, and requires knowledge regarding organisms that may be exposed, the exposure concentrations, the types of polymers comprising the debris, the length of time the debris was present in the aquatic environment (affecting the size, shape and fouling) and the locations and transport of the debris during that time period. Marine plastic debris is associated with a ‘cocktail of chemicals’, including chemicals added or produced during manufacturing and those present in the marine environment that accumulate onto the debris from surrounding seawater. This raises concerns regarding: (i) the complex mixture of chemical substances associated with marine plastic debris, (ii) the environmental fate of these chemicals to and from plastics in our oceans and (iii) how this mixture affects wildlife, as hundreds of species ingest this material in nature. Chapter 5. The Complex Mixture, Fate and Toxicity of Chemicals Associated with Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment by Chelsea M. Rochman Marine Anthropogenic Litter Biomedical and Life Sciences Springer 2015 9783319165103 https://books.google.com/books?id=KCbMCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA117 117–140 (447 pages; edited by Melanie Bergmann, Lars Gutow, & Michael Kluges; quote from p. 117) Over the last decade, it has become indisputable that small plastic debris contaminates habitats and wildlife globally. Of concern is that this material, which is ingested by hundreds of species across multiple trophic levels, is associated with a complex mixture of hazardous chemicals. Models, laboratory exposures, and field studies have all demonstrated that plastic debris can act as a source for hazardous chemicals to bioaccumulate in animals. This has been demonstrated with several plastic types, including polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane foam, and polyethylene, and for several different organic chemicals, including Polychlorinated biphenyl PCBs, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAHs, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs, triclosan, and nonylphenol. What remains less certain is the ecological importance of this transfer, i.e., the relative contribution of plastic as a source of chemicals to wildlife relative to other sources. ... Further research is warranted to better understand the mechanisms by which plastic-associated contaminants transfer to organisms and if the chemicals are biomagnified in higher trophic level animals leading to ecological consequences or even human health effects via consumption of contaminated seafood. 2016 The Role of Plastic Debris as Another Source of Hazardous Chemicals in Lower-Trophic Level Organisms by Chelsea M. Rochman Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in the Marine Environment The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol. 78 Springer Cham, Switzerland 10.1007/698_2016_17 https://books.google.com/books?id=toJyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA281 281–296 9783319955681 (315 pages; quote from p. 281; edited by Hideshige Takada & Hrissi K. Karapanagioti) Research on Environmental health#Microplastic pollution microplastic pollution (small particles of plastic <5 Millimetre mm in size) has long focused on their largest sink: the ocean. More recently, however, researchers have expanded their focus to include freshwater and terrestrial environments. This is a welcome development, given that an estimated 80% of microplastic pollution in the ocean comes from land ... and that rivers are one of the dominant pathways for microplastics to reach the oceans ... Like other Persistent organic pollutants persistent pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), microplastics are now recognized as being distributed across the globe. Detailed understanding of the fate and impacts of this ubiquitous environmental contaminant will thus require a concerted effort among scientists with expertise beyond the marine sciences. Microplastics research—from sink to source Science 360 6384 28–29 April 2018 10.1126/science.aar7734 2018Sci...360...28R https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Sci...360...28R/abstract External links Chelsea M. Rochman, Associate Professor Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto https://eeb.utoronto.ca/profile/rochman-chelsea-m/ Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:Academics from the United States Category:Biologists from the United States Category:Ecologists Category:Marine biologists Category:People from Tucson Category:Women born in the 1980s Category:Women scientists from the United States