Louis Agassiz

thumb| Every great scientific truth goes through three stages. First, people say it conflicts with the Bible. Next they say it has been discovered before. Lastly they say they always believed it. Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz (28 May 1807 – 14 December 1873) was a Swiss-born American zoologist, glaciologist, and geologist and one of the first world-class American scientists. He was the husband of educator Elizabeth Cabot Cary Agassiz. Quotes thumb|The time has come when scientific truth must cease to be the property of the few, when it must be woven into the common life of the world. right|thumb| The facts will eventually test all our theories, and they form, after all, the only impartial jury to which we can appeal. But whatever its defects, the classification of Linnæus was the first attempt at grouping animals together according to certain common structural characters. Methods of Study in Natural History (1863), ch. 1, p. 7 The time has come when scientific truth must cease to be the property of the few, when it must be woven into the common life of the world. Methods of Study in Natural History (1863), ch. 4, p. 42 The crust of our earth is a great cemetery, where the rocks are tombstones on which the buried dead have written their own epitaphs. Geological Sketches (1870), ch. 2, p. 31 The eye of the trilobite tells us that the sun shone on the old beach where he lived; for there is nothing in nature without a purpose, and when so complicated an organ was made to receive light, there must have been light to enter it. Geological Sketches (1870), ch. 2, pp. 31–32 Foldings of the earth's crust, low hills, extensive plains, mountain-chains and narrow valleys, broad table-lands and wide valleys, local chimneys or volcanoes, river-beds, lake-basins, inland seas,—such are some of the phenomena which, disconnected as they seem at first glance, have nevertheless been brought under certain principles, and explained according to definite physical laws. Geological Sketches (1870), ch 4, p. 98 The facts will eventually test all our theories, and they form, after all, the only impartial jury to which we can appeal. Geological Sketches (1870), ch. 9, p. 234 The world has arisen in some way or another. How it originated is the great question, and Darwin's theory, like all other attempts to explain the origin of life, is thus far merely conjectural. I believe he has not even made the best conjecture possible in the present state of our knowledge. Evolution and Permanence of Type (1874) Every great scientific truth goes through three stages. First, people say it conflicts with the Bible. Next they say it has been discovered before. Lastly they say they always believed it.' As quoted in A Dictionary of Scientific Quotations (1991) edited by Alan L. Mackay, (p. 2) Quotes about Agassiz Therefore, Agassiz says that when a new doctrine is presented, it must go through three stages. First, people say that it isn't true, then that it is against religion, and, in the third stage, that it has long been known. Karl Ernst von Baer, "Über Prof. Nic. Wagner's Entdeckung von Larven die sich fortpflanzen, und über die Pädogenesis überhaupt" (1866), trans. Stephen Jay Gould, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory (2002), p. 1021 In the subsequent meetings of the society, the geologist William Barton Rogers would skillfully dismantle most of these arguments. Rogers was the soon-to-be-president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In his debates with Agassiz he employed an encyclopedic knowledge of North American geology to show that most of his opponent’s claims were either false or partially true at best. But Agassiz cared little for debating the topic; he was not interested in debating a subject about which he was already certain. As far as he was concerned, his own theory of special creation rendered Darwin’s null and void. This was one of the reasons he preferred discussing the topic with members of the Saturday Club, who were far more sympathetic to his ideas and who were also more likely to shape public opinion about Darwinian theory than a handful of scientific specialists. Randall Fuller, The Book That Changed America (2017), 978-0-525-42833-6, pp. 148-149 It is well to notice his new classification of Fishes founded on more rational principles. By careful researches he had found a remarkable correspondence between the external dermatic covering and the skeleton and internal organization of fishes; he accordingly divided the class into four orders, the Fish scale#Placoid scales Placoids, Fish scale#Ganoid scales Ganoids, Fish scale#Ctenoid scales Ctenoids and Fish scale#Cycloid scales Cycloids, distinguished by striking differences in the structure of their Fish scale scales.This view, says François Jules Pictet de la Rive Pictet, was the stroke of genius which characterizes the whole work: it was the key to Agassiz's success in classifying the Evolution of fish fossil fishes of which often no other parts are found but the scales. Arnold Guyot, Memoir of Louis Agassiz, 1807-1873 C.S. Robinson & Company Princeton, New Jersey 1883 https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5dPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA24 24 (49 pages; read before the National Academy, 1st part, October 1877; 2nd part, April 1878)   There, at the table's further end I seeIn his old place our Poet's vis-à-vis,The great PROFESSOR, strong, broad-shouldered, square,In life's rich noontide, joyous, debonair.His social hour no leaden care alloys,His laugh rings loud and mirthful as a boy's,—That lusty laugh the Puritan forgot,—What ear has heard it and remembers not?How often, halting at some wide crevasseAmid the windings of his Alpine pass,High up the cliffs, the climbing mountaineer,Listening the far-off avalanche to hear,Silent, and leaning on his steel-shod staff,Has heard that cheery voice, that ringing laugh,From the rude cabin whose nomadic wallsCreep with the moving glacier as it crawls!  How does vast Nature lead her living trainIn ordered sequence through that spacious brain,As in the primal hour when Adam namedThe new-born tribes that young creation claimed!—How will her realm be darkened, losing thee,Her darling, whom we call our AGASSIZ! Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. "At the Saturday Club" (1884) as quoted in The Poetical Works of Oliver Wendell Holmes: In Three Volumes (1895) Vol.3 p. 122 Agassiz... was doomed to help the cause he hated. Agassiz not only maintained the fact of the progressive advance in organisation of the inhabitants of the earth at each successive geological epoch, but he insisted upon the analogy of the steps of this progression with those by which the embryo advances to the adult condition, among the highest forms of each group. In fact, in endeavoring to support these views he went a good way beyond the limits of any cautious interpretation of the facts then known. Thomas Henry Huxley, The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century'' (1889) A thing he never liked, and which troubled him quite as much in this country as in others, was book-learning. Textbooks and "school-series" exasperated him; and he had a sympathetic recollection of Humboldt who laughed at the elaborate encyclopedia and called it a pons asinorum. This turn of mind led him to gather what he considered the real books, animals of all sorts, preserved, so far as might be, in their natural state—"material for investigation," he always called them. Theodore Lyman III, Recollections of Agassiz 1874 https://books.google.com/books?id=DA0tAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5 5–6 (11 pages; reprint from the February 1874 issue of The Atlantic Monthly) External links Category:Academics from the United States Category:Academics from Switzerland Category:Paleontologists from the United States Category:Zoologists from the United States Category:Zoologists from Switzerland Category:Geologists from the United States Category:Protestants from the United States Category:1807 births Category:1873 deaths Category:Harvard University faculty Category:Cornell University faculty