A-level Computing/CIE/Fundamental Problem-solving and Programming skills/Programming

Specification link Programming basics write a program in a high-level language implement and write a program from a given design presented as either a program flowchart or pseudocode write program statements for: the declaration of variables and constants the assignment of values to variables and constants expressions involving any of the arithmetic or logical operators (given pseudocode will use the following structures: <nowiki> DECLARE <identifier> : <data type> // declaration <identifier> ← <value> or <expression> // assignment) </nowiki> Transferable skills recognise the basic control structures in a high-level language other than the one chosen to be studied in depth appreciate that program coding is a transferable skill Selection use an ‘IF’ structure including the ‘ELSE’ clause and nested IF statements given pseudocode will use the following structure: IF <condition> THEN <statement(s)> ENDIF or, including an ‘else’ clause: IF <condition> THEN <statement(s)> ELSE <statement(s)> ENDIF use a ‘CASE’ structure given pseudocode will use the following structure: CASE OF <identifier> <value 1>: <statement> <value 2>: <Statement> ... ENDCASE alternatively: CASE OF <identifier> <value 1>: <statement> <value 2>: <Statement> ... OTHERWISE <statement> ENDCASE Iteration use a ‘count controlled’ loop: given pseudocode will use the following structure: FOR <identifier> ← <value1> TO <value2> <statement(s)> ENDFOR alternatively: FOR <identifier> ← <value1> TO <value2> STEP <value3> <statement(s)> ENDFOR use a ‘post-condition’ loop: given pseudocode will use the following structure: REPEAT <statement(s)> UNTIL <condition> use a ‘pre-condition’ loop given pseudocode will use the following structure: WHILE <condition> <statement(s)> ENDWHILE justify why one loop structure may be better suited to a problem than the others Built-in functions use a subset of the built-in functions and library routines supported by the chosen programming language. This should include those used for: string/character manipulation formatting of numbers random number generator use the information provided in technical documentation describing functions/procedures Structured programming use a procedure explain where in the construction of an algorithm it would be appropriate to use a procedure given pseudocode will use the following structure for procedure definitions: PROCEDURE <identifier> <statement(s)> ENDPROCEDURE a procedure may have none, one or more parameters a parameter can be passed by reference or by value show understanding of passing parameters by reference PROCEDURE <identifier> (BYREF <identifier>: <datatype>) <statement(s)> ENDPROCEDURE show understanding of passing parameters by value PROCEDURE <identifier> (BYVALUE <identifier>: <datatype>) <statement(s)> ENDPROCEDURE a call is made to the procedure using CALL <identifier> () use a function explain where in the construction of an algorithm it is appropriate to use a function use the terminology associated with procedures and functions: procedure/function header, procedure/function interface, parameter, argument, return value given pseudocode will use the following structure for function definitions: <nowiki> FUNCTION <identifier> RETURNS <data type> // function has no parameters<br> <statement(s)><br> ENDFUNCTION<br> FUNCTION <identifier> (<identifier>: <data type>)<br> RETURNS <data type> // function has one or more parameters<br> <statement(s)><br> ENDFUNCTION<br></code> * a function is used in an expression, for example <code>x ← SQRT(n)<br> WHILE NOT EOF() </nowiki> write programs containing several components and showing good use of resources