False Friends of the Slavist/Bulgarian

bg 8 million Славянски неверни приятели на преводача в българския ff197 Алжир does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 38 million speakers of Polish; is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘Algiers’ is shared by R. Алжир, Pol. Algier. The Bulgarian meaning ‘Algeria’ is shared by R. Алжир. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff66 белина is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; is a true friend for about 269.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech. belizna The Bulgarian meaning ‘whiteness’ is shared by R. белизна, Ukr. білизна, Cr. bjelina, Bo. bjelina, Sb. белина, Mk. белина. The meaning ‘linen, laundry’ (бельо) is attested in Blr. бялізна, Ukr. білизна, Pol. bielizna. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln.] ff67 беседа is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Belarusian, Slovenian; is a true friend for about 288 million native speakers of Russian, Polish. The Bulgarian meaning ‘talk’ is shared by R. беседа, Pol. biesiada. The meaning ‘word’ (слово) is attested in Sln. beseda. The meaning ‘party, ceremony’ (гощавка) is attested in Blr. бяседа. [NB: No information yet for Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff129 бор has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘pine-tree’ is shared by Sln. bor. The Bulgarian meaning ‘boron’ is shared by R. бор, Sln. bor. The meaning ‘a wood of pine-trees’ (борова гора) is attested in R. бор. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff85 брак has additional meanings in the language of about 325 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 94.5 million speakers of Ukrainian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘marriage’ is shared by R. брак, Cr. brak, Bo. brak, Sb. брак, Mk. брак. The Bulgarian meaning ‘rejects, refuse, waste’ is shared by R. брак, Ukr. брак, Pol. brak. The meaning ‘defect, flaw’ (недостатък, грешка) is attested in R. брак, Ukr. брак, Pol. brak. The meaning ‘lack, want, shortage’ (липса) is attested in Ukr. брак, Pol. brak. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln.] ff30 булка is a complete false friend for about 333 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. bulka The Bulgarian meaning ‘bride’ is unique. The Bulgarian meaning ‘young woman’ is unique. The meaning ‘roll, white bread’ (симит) is attested in R. булка, Blr. булка, Ukr. булка, Pol. bułka. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff59 век has additional meanings in the language of about 48 million native speakers of Polish, Czech; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 17.5 million speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 254 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Macedonian. vek The Bulgarian meaning ‘age, epoch’ is shared by R. век, Pol. wiek, Cz. věk, Sln. vek, Mk. век. The Bulgarian meaning ‘century’ is shared by R. век, столетие, Pol. wiek, Cz. věk, Sln. vek, Cr. vijek, Bo. vijek, Sb. век, Mk. век. The meaning ‘age (of a person)’ (възраст) is attested in Pol. wiek, Cz. věk. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk.] ff32 вещ is a complete false friend for about 59.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 266 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘matter’ is shared by R. вещь, Cz. věc, Slk. vec. The meaning ‘clever’ (сръчен, умел) is attested in Sln. vešč, Cr. vješt, Bo. vješt, Sb. вешт, Mk. вешт. The meaning ‘message’ (вест) is attested in Pol. wieść. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff162 вещ is a complete false friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 266 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Macedonian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘matter, thing’ is shared by R. вещь, Cz. věc, Slk. vec. The meaning ‘assembly’ (събрание) is attested in Pol. wiec. The meaning ‘already’ (вече) is attested in Cr. već, Bo. već, Sb. већ. The meaning ‘more’ (повече) is attested in Sln. več. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff18 враг is a complete false friend for about 35.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian; is a true friend for about 333 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish. vorg The Bulgarian meaning ‘enemy’ is shared by R. враг, Blr. вораг, Ukr. ворог, Pol. wróg, Mk. враг. The meaning ‘devil, demon’ (чорт) is attested in Sln. vrag, Cr. vrag, Bo. vrag, Sb. враг, Mk. враг. The meaning ‘murderer’ (убиец, убийца) is attested in Cz. vrah, Slk. vrah. The meaning ‘slyboots, smartie’ (хитрец, шмекер) is attested in Mk. враг. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff22 вреден is a complete false friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 252 million speakers of Russian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak. vredny The Bulgarian meaning ‘harmful’ is shared by R. вредный. The Bulgarian meaning ‘able, clever’ is shared by Mk. вреден. The meaning ‘precious’ (ценен) is attested in Sln. vreden, Cr. vrijedan, Bo. vrijedan, Sb. вредан. The meaning ‘nasty, repulsive’ (гаден) is attested in Pol. wredny. The meaning ‘insidious, deceitful’ (фалшив, лукав) is attested in Pol. wredny. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff157 говор is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 312.5 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. govor The Bulgarian meaning ‘dialect’ is shared by R. говор, Blr. гаворка, Ukr. говір. The Bulgarian meaning ‘speech’ is shared by Cr. govor, Bo. govor, Sb. говор. The meaning ‘talking’ (мълва) is attested in R. говор, Blr. гаворка. The meaning ‘noise’ (шум, глъчка) is attested in Pol. gwar. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff3 година is a complete false friend for about 349 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak; is a true friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedo-nian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian. godina The Bulgarian meaning ‘year’ is shared by Cr. godina, Bo. godina, Sb. година, Mk. година. The meaning ‘hour’ (час) is attested in Blr. гадзіна, Ukr. година, Pol. godzina, Cz. hodina, Slk. hodina. The meaning ‘time, hour (poet.)’ (време, час) is attested in R. година, Blr. гадзіна, час, Ukr. година, час, Pol. godzina, czas, Cz. hodina, čas, Slk. hodina, čas. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff40 гора is a complete false friend for about 362.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; has additional meanings in the language of about 6 million native speakers of Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Macedonian. gora The Bulgarian meaning ‘forest’ is shared by Slk. hora. The meaning ‘mountain’ (планина) is attested in R. гора, Blr. гара, Ukr. гора, Pol. góra, Cz. hora, Slk. hora, Sln. gora, Cr. gora, Bo. gora, Sb. гора. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff25 дворец is a complete false friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 277.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech, Slovak. dvorc The Bulgarian meaning ‘palace’ is shared by R. дворец, Blr. дварэц, Cr. dvorac, Bo. dvorac, Sb. дворац, Mk. дворец. The meaning ‘railway station’ (гара, станция) is attested in Ukr. двірець, Pol. dworzec. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Sln.] Croatian; is a true friend for about 1.5 million native speakers of Bosnian. |baba| The Serbian meaning ‘grandmother’ (баба, бака) is shared by Bo. baba, baka. The Serbian meaning ‘old woman’ is shared by R. баба, Pol. baba, Cr. baba, Bo. baba. The meaning ‘pejorative of a woman’ (женска) is attested in R. баба, Pol. baba. |[NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Mk., Bg.] }} ff69 банка is a complete false friend for about 288 million native speakers of Russian, Polish; is a true friend for about 9.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian. banka The Serbian meaning ‘bank, credit bank’ is shared by Sln. banka, Cr. banka, Bo. banka. The meaning ‘(Br.) tin, (Am.) can’ (кутија) is attested in R. банка. The meaning ‘container, can’ (канта) is attested in Pol. bańka. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Mk., Bg.] ff66 белина is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; is a true friend for about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Macedo-nian, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech. belizna The Serbian meaning ‘whiteness’ is shared by R. белизна, Ukr. білизна, Cr. bjelina, Bo. bjelina, Mk. белина, Bg. белина. The meaning ‘linen, laundry’ (рубље, веш) is attested in Blr. бялізна, Ukr. білизна, Pol. bielizna. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln.] ff74 боље is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 9.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish. The Serbian meaning ‘better’ is shared by Sln. bolje, Cr. bolje, Bo. bolje. The meaning ‘more’ (више) is attested in R. более. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Mk., Bg.] ff85 брак is a complete false friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 9.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian. The Serbian meaning ‘marriage’ is shared by R. брак, Cr. brak, Bo. brak, Mk. брак, Bg. брак. The meaning ‘defect, flaw’ (мана) is attested in R. брак, Ukr. брак, Pol. brak. The meaning ‘rejects, refuse, waste’ (олош, дефицитна роба) is attested in R. брак, Ukr. брак, Pol. brak, Bg. брак. The meaning ‘lack, want, shortage’ (недостатак) is attested in Ukr. брак, Pol. brak. ff101 брз is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech; is a true friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian. The Serbian meaning ‘quick, fast (adj.)’ is shared by Cr. brz, Bo. brz. The meaning ‘soon (adv.)’ (скоро) is attested in Cz. brzy. [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk., Bg.] ff59 век has additional meanings in the language of about 310 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian. vek The Serbian meaning ‘century’ is shared by R. век, столетие, Pol. wiek, Cz. věk, Sln. vek, Cr. vijek, Bo. vijek, Mk. век, Bg. век. The meaning ‘age (of a person)’ (доб) is attested in Pol. wiek, Cz. věk. The meaning ‘age, epoch’ (доба, епоха) is attested in R. век, Pol. wiek, Cz. věk, Sln. vek, Mk. век, Bg. век. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk.] ff162 већ is a complete false friend for about 314 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Macedonian. The Serbian meaning ‘already’ is shared by Cr. već, Bo. već. The meaning ‘matter, thing’ (ствар) is attested in R. вещь, Cz. věc, Slk. vec, Bg. вещ. The meaning ‘assembly’ (скуп, збор) is attested in Pol. wiec. The meaning ‘more’ (више) is attested in Sln. več. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff32 вешт is a complete false friend for about 312 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 11.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Macedo-nian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian. The Serbian meaning ‘clever’ is shared by Sln. vešč, Cr. vješt, Bo. vješt, Mk. вешт. The meaning ‘matter’ (ствар) is attested in R. вещь, Cz. věc, Slk. vec, Bg. вещ. The meaning ‘message’ (вест) is attested in Pol. wieść. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff215 видети does not have all its Serbian meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian. The Serbian meaning ‘to see impf.’ is shared by R. видеть, Cr. vidjeti, Bo. vidjeti. The Serbian meaning ‘to see, to behold pf.’ is shared by Cr. vidjeti, Bo. vidjeti. The Serbian meaning ‘to watch pf.’ is shared by Cr. vidjeti, Bo. vidjeti. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Mk., Bg.] ff42 воће is a complete false friend for about 287 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian; is a true friend for about 61.5 million native speakers of Polish, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. ovokti The Serbian meaning ‘fruits’ is shared by Pol. owoce, Cz. ovoce, Slk. ovocie, Cr. voće, Bo. voće, Bg. овощен. The meaning ‘vegetables’ (поврће) is attested in R. овощи, Ukr. овочі. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff18 враг is a complete false friend for about 357 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian; has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian; is a true friend for about 9.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian. vorg The Serbian meaning ‘devil, demon’ is shared by Sln. vrag, Cr. vrag, Bo. vrag, Mk. враг. The meaning ‘enemy’ (непријатељ) is attested in R. враг, Blr. вораг, Ukr. ворог, Pol. wróg, Mk. враг, Bg. враг. The meaning ‘murderer’ (убица) is attested in Cz. vrah, Slk. vrah. The meaning ‘slyboots, smartie’ (лукавац, превијанац) is attested in Mk. враг. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff22 вредан is a complete false friend for about 298 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 9.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak. vredny The Serbian meaning ‘precious’ is shared by Sln. vreden, Cr. vrijedan, Bo. vrijedan. The meaning ‘harmful’ (штетан) is attested in R. вредный, Bg. вреден. The meaning ‘able, clever’ (вешт, ваљан, марљив) is attested in Mk. вреден, Bg. вреден. The meaning ‘nasty, repulsive’ (гадан, одвратан) is attested in Pol. wredny. The meaning ‘insidious, deceitful’ (химбен, лажан) is attested in Pol. wredny. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff163 време does not have all its Serbian meanings in the mother tongue of about 252 million speakers of Russian, Slovenian; is a true friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian. The Serbian meaning ‘time’ is shared by R. время, Cr. vrijeme, Bo. vrijeme. The Serbian meaning ‘weather’ is shared by Sln. vreme, Cr. vrijeme, Bo. vrijeme. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Mk., Bg.] ff157 говор is a complete false friend for about 333 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian. govor The Serbian meaning ‘speech’ is shared by Cr. govor, Bo. govor, Bg. говор. The meaning ‘dialect’ (дијалект) is attested in R. говор, Blr. гаворка, Ukr. говір, Bg. говор. The meaning ‘talking’ (говоркање) is attested in R. говор, Blr. гаворка. The meaning ‘noise’ (бука) is attested in Pol. gwar. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff3 година is a complete false friend for about 349 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak; is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian. godina The Serbian meaning ‘year’ is shared by Cr. godina, Bo. godina, Mk. година, Bg. година. The meaning ‘hour’ (час) is attested in Blr. гадзіна, Ukr. година, Pol. godzina, Cz. hodina, Slk. hodina. The meaning ‘time, hour (poet.)’ (време, час) is attested in R. година, Blr. гадзіна, час, Ukr. година, час, Pol. godzina, czas, Cz. hodina, čas, Slk. hodina, čas. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff40 гора is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian; has additional meanings in the language of about 6 million native speakers of Slovak; is a true friend for about 352.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Macedonian. gora The Serbian meaning ‘mountain’ is shared by R. гора, Blr. гара, Ukr. гора, Pol. góra, Cz. hora, Slk. hora, Sln. gora, Cr. gora, Bo. gora. The meaning ‘forest’ (шума) is attested in Slk. hora, Bg. гора. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff214 град is a complete false friend for about 12 million native speakers of Czech, Slovenian; does not have all its Serbian meanings in the mother tongue of about 38 million speakers of Polish; is a true friend for about 257.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian. grad The Serbian meaning ‘town’ is shared by R. град (arch.), город, Cr. grad, Bo. grad. The Serbian meaning ‘hail’ is shared by R. град, Pol. grad, Cr. grad, Bo. grad. The meaning ‘fortress’ (тврђава, утврђење) is attested in Cz. hrad, Sln. grad. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Mk., Bg.] ff145 грудаст is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian. The Serbian meaning ‘granular’ is shared by Cr. grudast, Bo. grudast. The meaning ‘big-breasted’ (са великама грудима) is attested in R. грудастая. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Mk., Bg.] ff25 дворац is a complete false friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 275.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech, Slovak. dvorc The Serbian meaning ‘palace’ is shared by R. дворец, Blr. дварэц, Cr. dvorac, Bo. dvorac, Mk. дворец, Bg. дворец. The meaning ‘railway station’ (станица) is attested in Ukr. двірець, Pol. dworzec. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Sln.] ff203 дева does not have all its Serbian meanings in the mother tongue of about 257.5 million speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian. The Serbian meaning ‘maiden’ is shared by R. дева. The Serbian meaning ‘camel’ is shared by Cr. deva, Bo. deva. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Mk., Bg.] ff228 дете is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian; is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Czech, Croatian, Bosnian. The Serbian meaning ‘child’ is shared by Cz. dítě, Cr. dijete, Bo. dijete. The meaning ‘baby’ (беба, младунче, одојче) is attested in Sln. dete. [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Mk., Bg.] ff33 диван is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish; is a true friend for about 283.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian; Bulgarian. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Macedonian. divan The Bulgarian meaning ‘settee, sofa’ is shared by R. диван, Cz. divan, Slk. diván, Sln. divan, Cr. divan, Bo. divan, Sr. диван. The meaning ‘carpet’ (ћилим) is attested in Blr. дыван, Pol. dywan. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff83 диня is a complete false friend for about 346.5 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. dynja The Bulgarian meaning ‘watermelon’ is unique. The meaning ‘pumpkin’ (тиква) is attested in Pol. dynia. The meaning ‘sweet melon’ (пъпеш) is attested in R. дыня, Ukr. диня, Sln. dinja, Cr. dinja, Bo. dinja, Sb. диња, Mk. диња. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk.] ff77 доба is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 16 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak; is a true friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian. doba The Bulgarian meaning ‘time, era, period’ is shared by Cz. doba, Slk. doba, Sln. doba, Cr. doba, Bo. doba, Sb. доба. The meaning ‘day (24 hours)’ (ден (24 часови)) is attested in Pol. doba. The meaning ‘time, duration’ (трайност) is attested in Cz. doba, Slk. doba. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Mk.] ff31 дума is a complete false friend for about 333 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. duma The Bulgarian meaning ‘word’ is unique. The meaning ‘thought’ (мисъл) is attested in R. дума (arch.), мысль, Blr. думка, дума, Ukr. дума. The meaning ‘East Slavonic folk song’ (народна песень) is attested in R. дума, Blr. дума, Ukr. дума. The meaning ‘parliament’ (парламент) is attested in R. дума, Blr. дума, Ukr. дума. The meaning ‘pride’ (гордост) is attested in Pol. duma. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln.] ff199 Дунав is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian; is a true friend for about 323.5 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. dunaj The Bulgarian meaning ‘Danube’ is shared by R. Дунай, Pol. Dunaj, Cz. Dunaj, Slk. Dunaj, Cr. Dunaj, Bo. Dunaj, Sb. Дунај, Mk. Дунав. The meaning ‘Vienna’ (Виена) is attested in Sln. Dunaj. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo.] ff153 елха is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘fir-tree’ is unique. The meaning ‘alder’ (елша) is attested in R. ольха. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff1 жена does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 333 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 37.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. zhena The Bulgarian meaning ‘woman’ is shared by Ukr. жінка, Cz. žena, Slk. žena, Sln. žena, ženska, Cr. žena, Bo. žena, Sb. жена, Mk. жена. The Bulgarian meaning ‘wife’ is shared by R. жена, Blr. жонка, Pol. żona, Cz. žena, Slk. žena, Sln. žena, Cr. žena, Bo. žena, Sb. жена, Mk. жена. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff7 живот is a complete false friend for about 39 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovenian; has additional meanings in the language of about 296 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Polish; is a true friend for about 35.5 million native speakers of Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. životъ The Bulgarian meaning ‘life’ is shared by R. живот (arch.), жизнь, Blr. жывот (arch.), жыццё, Pol. żywot, życie, Ka. żëwot, żëcé, Cz. život, Slk. život, Cr. život, Bo. život, Sb. живот, Mk. живот. The meaning ‘belly, body’ (търбух, корем) is attested in R. живот, Blr. жывот, Ukr. живіт, Pol. brzuch, żywot, Sln. život. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff173 жито is a complete false friend for about 354.5 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; has additional meanings in the language of about 6 million native speakers of Slovak. The Bulgarian meaning ‘wheat’ is shared by Slk. pšenica, žito. The meaning ‘grain, cereals, (Br.) corn’ (жита, житни растения) is attested in R. жито, Sln. žito, Cr. žito, Bo. žito, Sb. жито. The meaning ‘rye’ (ръж) is attested in Ukr. жито, Pol. żyto, Cz. žito, Slk. žito, raž. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ka., LSo., USo., Mk.] ff61 завод is a complete false friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; has additional meanings in the language of about 12 million native speakers of Czech, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. zavod The Bulgarian meaning ‘factory, works’ is shared by R. завод, Cz. závod, Mk. завод. The meaning ‘contest’ (състезание) is attested in Cz. závod. The meaning ‘occupation, profession, trade’ (професия) is attested in Pol. zawód. The meaning ‘institute’ (институт) is attested in Sln. zavod, Cr. zavod, Bo. zavod, Sb. завод, Mk. завод. The meaning ‘disappointment’ (разочарование) is attested in Pol. zawód. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk.] ff23 запомня is a complete false friend for about 48 million native speakers of Polish, Czech; is a true friend for about 262 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Slovenian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. zapomniti The Bulgarian meaning ‘to memorize’ is shared by R. запомнить, Blr. запомніць, Sln. zapomniti, Mk. запомни. The meaning ‘to forget’ (забравям) is attested in Pol. zapomnieć, Cz. zapomenout. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff165 зърно does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 252 million speakers of Russian, Slovenian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘corn, kernel’ is shared by R. зерно, Sln. zrno. The Bulgarian meaning ‘berry’ is unique. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff29 играя has additional meanings in the language of about 351 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 330.5 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian. igrati The Bulgarian meaning ‘to play (a game)’ is shared by R. играть, Ukr. грати, Pol. grać, Cz. hrát, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati, Cr. igrati, Bo. igrati, Sb. играти, Mk. игра. The Bulgarian meaning ‘to play (theatre)’ is shared by R. играть, Blr. іграць, Pol. grać, Cz. hrát, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati, Mk. игра. The Bulgarian meaning ‘to dance’ is shared by Blr. іграць, Pol. grać, Bo. igrati, Sb. играти, Mk. игра. The meaning ‘to play (music)’ (свиря) is attested in R. играть, Blr. іграць, Ukr. грати, Pol. grać, Cz. hrát, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff75 изкуство is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish. The Bulgarian meaning ‘art’ is shared by R. искусство. The meaning ‘experience’ (опит) is attested in Cr. iskustvo, Bo. iskustvo, Sb. искуство. The meaning ‘skill’ (умение, ловкост) is attested in R. искусство. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff124 изход does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘result’ is shared by R. исход. The Bulgarian meaning ‘resort, way out’ is shared by R. исход. The Bulgarian meaning ‘exit’ is unique. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff212 ковчег is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian; has additional meanings in the language of about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 267.5 million speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish, Czech, Slovak. kovieg The Bulgarian meaning ‘coffin’ is shared by Bo. kovčeg, Sb. ковчег. The Bulgarian meaning ‘trunk, box, chest’ is shared by Cr. kovčeg, Bo. kovčeg, Sb. ковчег. The Bulgarian meaning ‘(Noah’s) Arch’ is shared by R. ковчег. The meaning ‘suitcase’ (куфар) is attested in Sln. kovček, Cr. kovčeg, Bo. kovčeg. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Mk.] ff36 край is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 276 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Czech, Slovak, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. kraj The Bulgarian meaning ‘edge’ is shared by R. край, Blr. край, Ukr. край, Cz. kraj, Slk. kraj, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај. The Bulgarian meaning ‘end’ is shared by Ukr. край, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Mk. крај. The Bulgarian meaning ‘region’ is shared by R. край, Blr. край, Ukr. край, Cz. kraj, Slk. kraj, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Mk. крај. The meaning ‘country’ (страна) is attested in Ukr. край, Pol. kraj. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff64 краска is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian; is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedo-nian. kraska The Bulgarian meaning ‘paint’ is shared by R. краска. The meaning ‘flower’ (цвете) is attested in Blr. краска (colloq.), кветка. [NB: No information yet for Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln.] ff34 кресло is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian; is a true friend for about 303 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. krslo The Bulgarian meaning ‘armchair’ is shared by R. кресло, Blr. крэсла, Ukr. крісло, Cz. křeslo, Slk. kreslo. The meaning ‘chair’ (стол) is attested in Blr. крэсла, Pol. krzesło. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff110 крик is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘jack’ is unique. The meaning ‘cry, shout’ (вик) is attested in R. крик. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff43 лист is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 51.0 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Kashubian, Slovak; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 50,000 speakers of Kashubian; is a true friend for about 281.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. list The Bulgarian meaning ‘sheet of paper’ is shared by R. лист, Blr. ліст, аркуш, Ukr. лист, Cz. list, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист. The Bulgarian meaning ‘leaf’ is shared by R. лист, Blr. ліст, Ukr. лист, Ka. lëst, Cz. list, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист. The meaning ‘letter’ (писмо) is attested in Blr. ліст, пісьмо, Ukr. лист, Pol. list, Ka. lëst, Slk. list. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff8 листопад is a complete false friend for about 55,000 native speakers of Upper Sorbian; has additional meanings in the language of about 101 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian; is a true friend for about 269.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovak, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. listopad The Bulgarian meaning ‘falling of leaves’ is shared by R. листопад, Blr. лістапад, Ukr. листопад, Pol. listopad, Cz. listopad, Slk. listopad, Sln. listopad, Cr. listopad, Bo. listopad, Sb. листопад, Mk. листопад. The meaning ‘October’ (октомврий) is attested in Cr. listopad. The meaning ‘November’ (ноемврий) is attested in Blr. лістапад, Ukr. листопад, Pol. listopad, USo. listopad, Cz. listopad, Sln. listopad. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo.] ff63 лула has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish. The Bulgarian meaning ‘tobacco pipe’ is shared by R. люлька (редко), трубка, Blr. люлька, Cr. lula, Bo. lula, Sb. лула, Mk. луле. The meaning ‘cradle’ (люлка) is attested in R. люлька. [NB: No information yet for Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln.] ff50 лято is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian; has additional meanings in the language of about 304 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech; is a true friend for about 64.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. leto The Bulgarian meaning ‘summer’ is shared by R. лето, Blr. лета, Ukr. літо, Pol. lato, Cz. léto, Slk. leto, Cr. ljeto, Bo. ljeto, Sb. лето, Mk. лето. ff27 майка is a complete false friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 19.5 million speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Polish, Slovenian. majka The Bulgarian meaning ‘mother’ is shared by Cr. majka, Bo. majka, Sb. мајка, Mk. мајка. The Bulgarian meaning ‘dam, female animal’ is shared by Mk. мајка. The Bulgarian meaning ‘nut (to screw on a bolt)’ is unique. The meaning ‘gym shirt’ (риза, кошуля) is attested in R. майка, Blr. майка. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk.] ff56 маса does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 368.5 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian. masa The Bulgarian meaning ‘table’ is shared by Mk. маса. The Bulgarian meaning ‘mass’ is shared by R. масса, Blr. маса, Ukr. маса, Pol. masa, Cz. masa, Slk. masa, Sln. masa, Cr. masa, Bo. masa, Sb. маса, Mk. маса. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff28 матка is a complete false friend for about 54 million native speakers of Polish, Czech, Slovak; has additional meanings in the language of about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian; is a true friend for about 39 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. matka The Bulgarian meaning ‘womb, uterus’ is shared by R. матка, Blr. матка, Ukr. матка, Mk. матка. The meaning ‘mother’ (майка) is attested in Blr. матка, Pol. matka, Cz. matka, Slk. matka. The meaning ‘dam, female animal’ (майка) is attested in R. матка, Blr. матка, Pol. matka. The meaning ‘nut (to screw on a bolt)’ (майка) is attested in Cz. matka. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff122 мед does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 287 million speakers of Russian, Ukrainian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘copper’ is shared by R. медь, Ukr. мед. The Bulgarian meaning ‘honey’ is unique. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff196 Мексико does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. The Bulgarian meaning ‘Mexico City’ is shared by Pol. Meksyk. The Bulgarian meaning ‘Mexico (country)’ is shared by R. Мексика, Pol. Meksyk. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff79 меч is a complete false friend for about 55.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian; is a true friend for about 305 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech. The Bulgarian meaning ‘sword’ is shared by R. меч, Blr. меч, Ukr. меч, Cz. meč, Mk. меч. The meaning ‘match, game’ (мач) is attested in Pol. mecz, Cr. meč, Bo. meč, Sb. меч, Mk. меч. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln.] ff2 мъж does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 313.5 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 57 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Macedonian. muzh The Bulgarian meaning ‘man’ is shared by Ukr. муж, Cz. muž, Slk. muž, Sln. mož, moški, Mk. маж. The Bulgarian meaning ‘husband’ is shared by R. муж, Blr. муж, Ukr. муж, чоловік, Pol. mąż, Cz. muž, Slk. muž, Sln. mož, Cr. muž, Bo. muž, Sb. муж, Mk. маж. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff21 нагъл is a complete false friend for about 83.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. nagl The Bulgarian meaning ‘naughty’ is shared by R. наглый, Ukr. нахабний, наглий. The meaning ‘sudden’ (внезапен) is attested in Blr. наглы (reg.), раптоўны, Ukr. наглий, Pol. nagły, Cz. náhlý, Slk. náhly, Sln. nagel, Cr. nagao, Bo. nagao, Sb. нагао. The meaning ‘fast, quick’ (брз, пъргав) is attested in Sln. nagel. The meaning ‘vehement, hasty’ (буен, бърз) is attested in Slk. náhly, Sln. nagel, Cr. nagao, Bo. nagao, Sb. нагао, Mk. нагло. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff45 неделя is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; has additional meanings in the language of about 23.5 million native speakers of Czech, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 97 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian. nedelja The Bulgarian meaning ‘Sunday’ is shared by Blr. нядзеля, Ukr. неділя, Pol. niedziela, Cz. neděle, Slk. nedeľa, Sln. nedelja, Cr. nedjelja, Bo. nedjelja, Sb. недеља, Mk. недела. The meaning ‘week’ (седмица) is attested in R. неделя, Cz. týden, neděle, Bo. nedjelja, sedmica, Sb. недеља, седмица, Mk. недела. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff174 образ has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 307.5 million speakers of Russian, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. obraz The Bulgarian meaning ‘picture, painting’ is shared by R. образ, Pol. obraz. The Bulgarian meaning ‘cheek’ is shared by Cr. obraz, Bo. obraz, Sb. образ. The Bulgarian meaning ‘face’ is shared by Sln. obraz, Cr. obraz, Bo. obraz, Sb. образ. The meaning ‘manner’ (начин) is attested in R. образ. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Mk.] ff204 орган does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘organ (e.g. in the body)’ is shared by R. орган. The Bulgarian meaning ‘organ (musical instrument)’ is unique. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff128 палец is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech. The Bulgarian meaning ‘thumb’ is shared by Cz. palec. The meaning ‘finger’ (пръст) is attested in R. палец. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff100 памет is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 260 million native speakers of Russian, Czech. pamkt The Bulgarian meaning ‘memory’ is shared by R. память, Cz. paměť. The Bulgarian meaning ‘computer memory’ is shared by R. память, Cz. paměť. The meaning ‘reason, intellect’ (разум) is attested in Cr. pamet, Bo. pamet, Sb. памет. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff24 паметник is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 50,000 native speakers of Kashubian; is a true friend for about 293 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. pamjatnik The Bulgarian meaning ‘monument’ is shared by R. памятник, Ukr. пам’ятник, Ka. pamiãtnik, pomnik, Slk. pamätník. The meaning ‘diary’ (дневник) is attested in Pol. pamiętnik, Ka. dniewnik, wspomnik, pamiãtnik. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff80 пара is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 37.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘steam’ is shared by Blr. пара, Ukr. пара, Pol. para, Cz. pára, Slk. para, Sln. para, Cr. para, Bo. para, Sb. пара, Mk. пара. The meaning ‘pair’ (чифт, двойка) is attested in R. пара, Blr. пара, Ukr. пара, Pol. para. The meaning ‘a couple of, some’ (няколко) is attested in R. пара, Blr. пара, Ukr. пара, Pol. parę. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff88 писар has additional meanings in the language of about 38 million native speakers of Polish; is a true friend for about 259.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘scribe’ is shared by R. писарь, Pol. pisarz, Sln. pisar, Cr. pisar, Bo. pisar. The meaning ‘writer’ (писател) is attested in Pol. pisarz. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sb., Mk.] ff54 пладне is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; has additional meanings in the language of about 46.0 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Kashubian; is a true friend for about 287.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. poldn The Bulgarian meaning ‘noon’ is shared by R. полдень, Blr. поўдзень, Pol. południe, Ka. pôłnié, Cz. poledne, Slk. poludnie, Sln. poldan, Cr. podne, Bo. podne, Sb. подне, Mk. пладне. The meaning ‘south’ (юг) is attested in Blr. поўдзень, Ukr. південь, Pol. południe, Ka. pôłnié. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff60 плът is a complete false friend for about 67.5 million native speakers of Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian; is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘body, flesh’ is shared by R. плоть, Mk. плот. The meaning ‘fence’ (ограда) is attested in Pol. płot, Cz. plot, Sln. plot, Cr. plot, Bo. plot, Sb. плот, Mk. плот. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk.] ff26 повест is a complete false friend for about 100.5 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian; is a true friend for about 260 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Serbian. povest The Bulgarian meaning ‘novelette’ is shared by R. повесть, Blr. аповесць, Mk. повест. The meaning ‘novel’ (роман) is attested in Ukr. повість, Pol. powieść. The meaning ‘history’ (история) is attested in Cr. povijest, Bo. povijest. The meaning ‘fame, reputation’ (почитание, име) is attested in Cz. pověst, Slk. povesť. The meaning ‘legend’ (приказка, предание) is attested in Cz. pověst, Slk. povesť, Sln. povest. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff44 покой is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 266.0 million native speakers of Russian, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak; is a true friend for about 14 million native speakers of Slovenian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Croatian. pokoj The Bulgarian meaning ‘quiet’ is shared by R. покой, Ka. pòkùj, Cz. pokoj, Slk. pokoj, Sln. pokoj, Sb. покој, Mk. покој. The meaning ‘room’ (стая) is attested in R. покой (arch.), комната, Blr. пакой, Pol. pokój, Cz. pokoj. The meaning ‘peace’ (мир) is attested in Pol. pokój, Ka. pòkùj, Slk. pokoj. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo., Bo.] ff53 полунощ has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 287.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. polnokt The Bulgarian meaning ‘midnight’ is shared by R. полночь, Blr. поўнач, Ukr. північ, Pol. północ, Cz. půlnoc, Slk. polnoc, Sln. polnoč, Cr. ponoć, Bo. ponoć, Sb. поноћ, Mk. полноќ. The meaning ‘north’ (север) is attested in Blr. поўнач, Ukr. північ, Pol. północ. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff19 (на) право is a complete false friend for about 349.0 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak; is a true friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedo-nian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian. pravo The Bulgarian meaning ‘straight on’ is shared by Cr. pravo, Bo. pravo, Sb. право, Mk. (на)право. The meaning ‘to the right’ ((на) дясно) is attested in R. направо, Blr. направа, Ukr. направо, Pol. na prawo, Ka. w prawo, w prawą, Cz. napravo, Slk. napravo. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff108 проба has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian; is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘probe’ is shared by R. проба, Mk. проба. The meaning ‘to test’ (пробвам) is attested in Mk. проба. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb.] ff55 прозвище is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Macedonian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘nickname’ is shared by R. прозвище. The meaning ‘surname’ (презиме) is attested in Ukr. прізвище. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb.] ff20 просто has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 287.5 million native speakers of Russian, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. prosto The Bulgarian meaning ‘simple, simply’ is shared by R. просто, Blr. проста, Ukr. просто, Pol. prosto, Ka. prosto, Cz. prostě, Slk. proste, Sln. prosto, Cr. prosto, Bo. prosto, Sb. просто, Mk. просто. The meaning ‘straight on’ ((на) право) is attested in Blr. проста, прамо, наўпрост, Ukr. просто, Pol. prosto. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff109 разбой is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘weaver’s loom’ is unique. The meaning ‘robbery’ (обир) is attested in R. разбой. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff17 реч is a complete false friend for about 102.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 268 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Macedonian. rech The Bulgarian meaning ‘speech’ is shared by R. речь, Cz. řeč, Slk. reč, Mk. реч. The meaning ‘word’ (дума, слово) is attested in Cr. riječ, Bo. riječ, Sb. реч. The meaning ‘matter’ (вещ) is attested in Blr. рэч, Ukr. річ, Pol. rzecz, Sln. reč. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff39 родина is a complete false friend for about 112.5 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian. rodbina The Bulgarian meaning ‘motherland, home region’ is shared by R. родина, Blr. радзіна. The meaning ‘family’ (семейство) is attested in Ukr. родина, Pol. rodzina, Cz. rodina, Slk. rodina. The meaning ‘relations’ (роднинство) is attested in Sln. rodbina, Cr. rodbina, Bo. rodbina, Sb. родбина, Mk. родбина. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff5 словенски is a complete false friend for about 28 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 342.6 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Kashubian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian. slovensk- The Bulgarian meaning ‘Slovenian’ is shared by R. словенский, Blr. славенскі, Ukr. словінський, Pol. słoweński, Ka. słowensczi, LSo. słowjeński, USo. słowjenski, Sln. slovenski, Cr. slovenski, Bo. slovenski. The meaning ‘Slovak’ (словашки) is attested in Cz. slovenský, Slk. slovenský. The meaning ‘Slavonic’ (славянски) is attested in Sb. словенски, Mk. словенски. [NB: Information complete.] ff16 слово is a complete false friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 349 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Macedonian. slovo The Bulgarian meaning ‘word’ is shared by R. слово, Blr. слова, Ukr. слово, Pol. słowo, Cz. slovo, Slk. slovo. The meaning ‘letter (of the alphabet)’ (буква) is attested in Cr. slovo, Bo. slovo, Sb. слово. The meaning ‘leave-taking, farewell’ (прощаване) is attested in Sln. slovo. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff118 среда has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘middle, centre’ is unique. The Bulgarian meaning ‘environment’ is shared by R. среда. The meaning ‘Wednesday’ (сряда) is attested in R. среда. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff47 сто has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 353 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Macedonian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘a hundred’ is shared by R. сто, Blr. сто, Ukr. сто, Pol. sto, Cz. sto, Slk. sto, Sln. sto, Cr. sto, Bo. sto, Sb. сто, Mk. сто. The meaning ‘table’ (маса) is attested in Cr. sto, Bo. sto, Sb. сто. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff46 стол is a complete false friend for about 366.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 4 million speakers of Slovenian, Macedonian. stol The Bulgarian meaning ‘chair’ is shared by Sln. stol, Mk. стол. The Bulgarian meaning ‘canteen’ is unique. The meaning ‘table’ (маса) is attested in R. стол, Blr. стол, Ukr. стіл, Pol. stół, Cz. stůl, Slk. stôl, Cr. stol, Bo. sto, Sb. сто. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff48 столица is a complete false friend for about 37.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 333.0 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Kashubian. stolica The Bulgarian meaning ‘capital’ is shared by R. столица, Blr. сталіца, Ukr. столиця, Pol. stolica, Ka. stolëca. The meaning ‘chair’ (стол) is attested in Cz. stolice, Slk. stolica, Cr. stolica, Bo. stolica, Sb. столица, Mk. столица. The meaning ‘professorship’ (катедра) is attested in Sln. stolica. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff35 страна has additional meanings in the language of about 37.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 362.5 million speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian. storna The Bulgarian meaning ‘country’ is shared by R. страна. The Bulgarian meaning ‘side’ is shared by Ukr. сторона, Pol. strona, Ka. strona, Cz. strana, Slk. strana, Sln. stran, Cr. strana, Bo. strana, Sb. страна, Mk. страна. The Bulgarian meaning ‘cheek’ is unique. The meaning ‘page’ (страница) is attested in Cz. strana, Slk. strana, Sln. stran, Cr. strana, Bo. strana, Sb. страна, Mk. страна. The meaning ‘political party’ (партия) is attested in Cz. strana, Slk. strana. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff78 съществувам is a complete false friend for about 6 million native speakers of Croatian; is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Bosnian, Serbian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘exist’ is shared by R. существовать. The meaning ‘participate’ (съучаствувам) is attested in Cr. suučestvovati. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Mk.] ff147 тиква is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech; is a true friend for about 271.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘pumpkin’ is shared by R. тыква, Sln. tikva, Cr. tikva, Bo. tikva, Sb. тиква, Mk. тиква. The meaning ‘sweet melon’ (пъпеш) is attested in Cz. tykev. [NB: No information yet for Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk.] ff169 труден is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian; has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 305.5 million speakers of Russian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. trudn The Bulgarian meaning ‘hard’ is shared by R. трудный, Pol. trudny. The Bulgarian meaning ‘pregnant’ (трудна (arch.), бременна) is shared by Cr. trudna, Bo. trudna, Sb. трудна. The meaning ‘tired’ (уморен, изморен) is attested in Sln. truden, Cr. trudan (arch.), umoran, Bo. trudan (arch.), umoran, Sb. трудан (arch.), уморан. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Mk.] ff125 федерация does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘federation’ is shared by R. федерация. The Bulgarian meaning ‘spring-suspension’ is unique. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff4 час is a complete false friend for about 101 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian; is a true friend for about 263.5 million native speakers of Russian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedo-nian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian. chas The Bulgarian meaning ‘hour’ is shared by R. час, Bo. čas, Sb. час, Mk. час. The meaning ‘time’ (време) is attested in Blr. час, Ukr. час, Pol. czas, Cz. čas, Slk. čas, Sln. čas. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff207 чувам is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘to hear’ is unique. The Bulgarian meaning ‘to keep’ is unique. The meaning ‘to feel’ (усещам, чувствувам) is attested in R. чуять. The meaning ‘to smell (animal)’ (подуша) is attested in R. чуять (запах). [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff6 шина is a complete false friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Kashubian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; is a true friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech, Slovak, Slovenian. schiene The Bulgarian meaning ‘tyre’ is shared by R. шина, Blr. шына, Ukr. шина. The meaning ‘rail’ (релса) is attested in Ukr. шина, Pol. szyna, Ka. szina, Cr. šina, Bo. šina, Sb. шина, Mk. шина. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff41 шума does not have all its Bulgarian meanings in the mother tongue of about 19.5 million speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian. shuma The Bulgarian meaning ‘forest’ is shared by Cr. šuma, Bo. šuma, Sb. шума, Mk. шума. The Bulgarian meaning ‘foliage, leaves’ is unique. The Bulgarian meaning ‘bush’ is unique. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff57 щука is a complete false friend for about 298 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech; is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian. shtuka The Bulgarian meaning ‘pike’ is shared by Cr. štuka, Bo. štuka, Sb. штука. The meaning ‘piece’ (къс, экземпляр) is attested in R. штука, Pol. sztuka. The meaning ‘art’ (изкуство) is attested in Pol. sztuka. The meaning ‘stucco’ (мазач, мазилка) is attested in Cz. štuka. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Mk.] ff58 ягода is a complete false friend for about 288 million native speakers of Russian, Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 18 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian; is a true friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedo-nian. The Bulgarian meaning ‘strawberry’ is shared by Cz. jahoda, Slk. jahoda, Sln. jagoda, Cr. jagoda, Bo. jagoda, Sb. јагода, Mk. јагода. The meaning ‘berry’ (сочен зърнест плод от храстови растения) is attested in R. ягода, Pol. jagoda, Cz. jahoda, Slk. jahoda, Sln. jagoda. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo.] There is no Bulgarian word like Blr. ліпень, Ukr. липень, Pol. lipiec, Cr. lipanj. lipn The Bulgarian meaning red ("червен") like Blr. чэрвень, Ukr. червень, Pol. czerwiec, Cz. červenec. chrvn There is no Bulgarian word like Blr. зрок, Cz. zrak, Slk. zrak, Sln. zrak, Cr. zrak, Bo. zrak, Sb. зрак, Mk. зрак. zork There is no Bulgarian word like Blr. дадатны, Ukr. додатний, Pol. dodatni, Cr. dodatni, Bo. dodatni, Sb. додатни. dodatn The Bulgarian word ("руен") like Ka. rujan, Cz. říjen, Cr. rujan. rujn The Bulgarian meaning cold ("студен") like R. студень, Blr. студзень, Cr. studeni. studn The Bulgarian meaning watermelon ("карпуза"), but popular is ("диня") like R. арбуз, Blr. гарбуз, Ukr. гарбуз, Pol. arbuz. There is no Bulgarian word like R. склеп, Ukr. склеп, Pol. sklep, Ka. sklep, Cz. sklep, Sln. sklep. sklep The Bulgarian meaning plant ("садя") like R. сад, Pol. sad, Cz. sad, Slk. sad, Sln. sad, Cr. sad, Bo. sad, Sb. сад. sad The Bulgarian meaning chair,stool,canteen ("стол") like R. стул, Pol. stół, Cz. stůl. The Bulgarian meaning sofa ("диван") like R. диван, Blr. дыван, Pol. dywan, Cz. divan, Slk. diván, Sln. divan, Cr. divan, Bo. divan, Sb. диван. divan There is no Bulgarian word like R. выход, Blr. выхад, Ukr. вихід, Cz. východ, Slk. východ. vychod There is no Bulgarian word like R. овощи, Ukr. овочі, Pol. owoce, Cz. ovoce, Slk. ovocie, Cr. voće, Bo. voće, Sb. воће. ovokti The Bulgarian meaning darkness ("мрак") like R. мрак, Cz. mrak, Slk. mrak, Cr. mrak, Bo. mrak, Sb. мрак. mork There is no Bulgarian word like R. охотник, Ukr. охочий, Pol. ochotnik. The Bulgarian meaning fixed time, set term, deadline ("срок") like R. рок, Pol. rok, Cz. rok, Sln. rok, Cr. rok, Bo. rok, Sb. рок, Mk. рок. rok There is no Bulgarian word like R. сливки, Pol. śliwki. There is no Bulgarian word like R. заход, Pol. zachód, Cz. záchod, Slk. záchod, Sln. zahod, Cr. zahod, Bo. zahod, Sb. заход, Mk. заод. The Bulgarian meaning coloured ("цветен") like R. цветень, Ukr. квітень, Pol. kwiecień, Cz. květen. kvetn There is no Bulgarian word like R. берёзовик, Blr. бярозавік. There is no Bulgarian word like Ukr. травень, Sln. traven (mali, veliki), Cr. travanj. travn There is no Bulgarian word like Ukr. серпень, Pol. sierpień, Cz. srpen, Sln. srpen (mali, veliki), Cr. srpanj. srpn The Bulgarian meaning doctor ("лекар") like Ukr. лікарня, Cz. lékárna, Slk. lekáreň, Sln. lekarna. lekarna Bulgarian-Slavonic C. Ivanova, M. Aleksić. Srpsko-bugarski tematski rečnik: Leksikon međujezičkih homonima i polisemija. Veliko Trnovo 1999. M. Karpaczewa, Christa Simeonova, Emil Tokarz. Pułapki leksykalne: Słownik aproksymatyzmów polsko-bułgarskich. Katowice 1994.