CCNA Certification/Introduction

Introductionn CCNA certification is a cornerstone of many IT careers. This book is a comprehensive study guide for the CCNA Intro, CCNA ICND and CCNA Certification exams. Its target audience is a high school student, a first year community college or any adult wanting to understand networking better. About This Book This book is a free, living book on CCNA Certification that keeps up with the changes in the technology and certification. As a result, it's written as an in-progress WikiBooks collaboration. Anyone is free to add material or fix mistakes. To edit a page simply click the "edit this page" tab at the top. If you find that any of the material is unclear, please click the "discussion" tab at the top of the page and leave a note on that page indicating what is unclear. You should be aware that, while this book's contributors will attempt to ensure the accuracy of all facts, there may be mistakes present. About the Material The CCNA Routing and Switching certification test can be taken in one of two ways: You can take the Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 exam (100-105 ICND1) and the Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 2 exam (200-105 ICND2). You can take the combined Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices: Accelerated (200-125 CCNA). These exams replaced the former CCNA exams (640-822, 640-816, and 640-801) in 2013. The ICND1 exam tests for the ability to manage a small branch office network. The ICND2 exam tests for the ability to manage a small or middle-sized enterprise branch network. The combined CCNA tests all the material covered in the ICND1 and ICND2 exams. (For information about the exam and your options, see Appendix A.) The contents of this book are split into two sections (ICND1 and ICND2) so those who are taking the individual tests can study for them separately. For those who are taking the combined CCNA exam, study both sections fully. CCNA Exam Topics The posted exam topics for all of CCNA certification exams are guidelines. Cisco makes the effort to keep the exam questions within the confines of the stated exam objectives. ICND1 Exam Topics Listed below is the exam topics for the ICND1 exam, Although Cisco’s posted exam topics are not numbered, Cisco Press numbers the exam topics for easier reference. The exam topics are as listed on the Cisco website (www.cisco.com/go/ccna). If Cisco does happen to add exam topics at a later date, go to www.ciscopress.com and download additional information about those newly added topics. ICND1 Exam Topics Ref No. Topics Describe the operation of data networks 1 Describe the purpose and functions of various network devices 2 Select the components required to meet a given network specification 3 Use the OSI and TCP/IP models and their associated protocols to explain how data flows in a network 4 Describe common networking applications including web applications 5 Describe the purpose and basic operation of the protocol in the OSI and TCP model 6 Describe the impact of applications (Voice over IP and Video over IP) on a network 7 Interpret network diagrams 8 Determine the path between two host across a network 9 Describe the components required for network and Internet communications 10 Identify and correct common network problems at Layers 1,2,3 and 7 using a layered model approach 11 Differentiate between LAN/WAN operation and features Implement a small switched network 12 Select the appropriate media, cable, ports, and connectors to connect switches to other network devices and hosts 13 Explain the technology and media access control method for Ethernet technologies 14 Explain the network segmentation and basic traffic management concepts 15 Explain the operation of Cisco switches and basic switching concepts 16 Perform, Save, and verify initial switch configuration tasks including remote access management 17 Verify network status and switch operation using basic utilities (including ping, traceroute, telnet, SSH, arp, and IP config) show and Debug commands 18 Implement and verify basic security for a switch (port security, deactivate ports) 19 Identify, prescribe, and resolve common switched network media issues, configuration issues, auto negotiation, and switch hardware failures Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP services to meet network requirements for a small branch office 20 Describe the need and role of addressing in a network 21 Create and apply an addressing scheme to a network 22 Assign and verify valid IP addresses to hosts, servers, and networking devices in a LAN environment 23 Explain the basic uses and operation of NAT in a small network connecting to one ISP 24 Describe and verify DNS operation 25 Describe the operation and benefits of using private and public IP addressing 26 Enable NAT for a small network with a single ISP and connection using SDM and verify operation using CLI and ping 27 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot DHCP and DNS operation on a router (including CLI/SDM) 28 Implement static and dynamic addressing services for hosts ina LAN environment 29 Identify and correct IP addressing issues 30 Describe basic routing concepts (including packet forwarding, router lookup process) 31 Describe the operation of Cisco routers (including router bootup process, POST, and router components) 32 Select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors to connect routers to other network devices and hosts 33 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot RIPv2 34 Access and utilize the router CLI to set basic parameters 35 Connect, configure, and verify operation status of a device interface 36 Verify device configuration and network connectivity using ping, traceroute, telnet, SSH, or other utilities 37 Perform and verify routing configuration tasks for a static or default route given specific routing requirements 38 Manage IOS configuration files (including save, edit, upgrade, and restore) 39 Manage Cisco IOS 40 Implement password and physical security 41 Verify network status and router operation using utilities (including ping, traceroute, telnet, SSH, arp, and ipconfig), show and debug commands 42 Describe standards associated with wireless media (including IEEE, WiFi, Alliance, and ITU/FCC) 43 Identify and describe the purpose of the components in a small wireless network. (including SSID, BSS, and ESS) 44 Identify the basic parameters to configure on a wireless network to ensure that devices connect to the correct access point 45 Compare and contrast wireless security features and capabilities of WPA security (including open, WEP, and WPA-1/2) 46 Identify common issues with implementing wireless networks Identify security threats to a network and describe general methods to mitigate those threats 47 Explain today's increasing network security threats and the need to implement a comprehensive security policy to mitigate the treaths 48 Explain general methods to mitigate common security threats to network devices, hosts, and applications 49 Describe the functions of common security appliances and applications 50 Describe security recommended practices including initial steps to secure network devices Implement and verify WAN links 51 Describe different methods for connecting to a WAN 52 Configure and verify a basic WAN serial connection ICND2 Exam Topics Ref No. Topics Configure, Verify and Troubleshoot a switch with VLANs and interswitch communications 101 Describe enhanced switching technologies (including VTP,RSTP, VLAN, PVSTP, and 802.1q) 102 Describe how VLANs create logically separate networks and the need for routing between them 103 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot VLANs 104 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot trunking on Cisco switches 105 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot interVLAN routing 106 COnfigure, verify, and troubleshoot VTP 107 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot RSTP operation 108 Interpret the output of various show and debug commands to verify the operation status of a Cisco switched network 109 Implement basic switch security (including port security, unassigned ports, trunk access, etc) Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP services to meet network requirements in a medium-sized enterprise branch office network 110 Calculate and apply a VLSM IP addressing design to a network 111 Determine the appropriate classless addressing scheme using VLSM and summarization to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment 112 Describe the technological requirement for running IPv6 (including protocols, Dual stack, tunneling, etc) 113 Describe IPv6 address 114 Identify and correct common problems associated with IP addressing and host configurations Configure and trouble shoot basic operation and routing on Cisco devices 115 Compare and contrast methods of routing and routing protocols 116 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot OSPF 117 Configure, verify and troubleshoot EIGRP 118 Verify configuration and connectivity using ping, traceroute, and telnet or SSH 119 Troubleshoot routing implementation issues 120 Verify router hardware and software operating using show and debug commands 121 Implement basic router security Implement, verify, and troubleshoot NAT and ACLs in a medium-size enterprise branch office network 122 Describe the purpose and type of access control lists 123 Configure and apply access control lists based on network filtering requirements 124 Configure and apply an access control list to limit telnet and SSH access to the router 125 Verify and monitor ACL's in a network environment 126 Troubleshoot ACL implementation issues 127 Explain the basic operation of NAT 128 Configure Network Address Translate for a given network requirements using CLI 129 Troubleshoot NAT implementation issues Implementation and verify WAN links 130 Configure and verify frame relay on Cisco routers 131 Troubleshoot WAN implementation issues 132 Describe VPN technology (including importance, benefits, role, impact, and components) 133 Configure and verify the PPP connection between Cisco routers Perspectives on Networking Ethernet networks use cards inside each computer. These cards have unique numeric addresses. Ethernet cables connect PCs to ethernet hubs; Hubs on the other hand repeat every signal received out on all their available ports. Cabling is typically run in a star configuration. The following are basic terminology in the networking world: Client/Server Networking: The term client/server refers to a model utilizing networked client and server computers and application software. Web, FTP, email, DNS and many other database applications are client-server systems. Peer-to-Peer Networking: Peer to peer networks share responsibility for processing data among all of the connected devices. Peer-to-peer networking (also known simply as peer networking) differs from client-server networking in several respects. Network Name: A network name is a string that computing devices use to identify a specific computer network. Network names are typically different from names of individual computers or the addresses computers use to identify each other. Network Performance Measured: The performance or "speed" of a computer network is normally measured in units of bits per second (bps). This quantity can represent either an actual data rate or a theoretical limit to available network bandwidth. The related units of Kbps, Mbps, Gbps represent increasingly larger multiples of bps. WWW: The term "WWW" (World Wide Web) refers to the open development phase of the Internet in the 1990s. The WWW comprises a global network of Web sites accessible on the Internet. URL: URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) identify by name Web servers and individual Web pages stored on those servers, anywhere on the Internet. URI: A URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) names both local and remote Internet resources similar to URLs.