Human Geography AP

Welcome to the Human Geography AP study guide. We need contributors; contribution would make for an excellent class project. Table of Contents Unit I. Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives (5-10%) /Unit Introduction/ /Geography as a field of inquiry/ /Evolution of key geographical concepts and models associated with notable geographers/ /Key concepts underlying the geographical perspective: location, space, place, scale, pattern, regionalization, and globalization/ /Key geographical skills/ /How to use and think about maps and spatial data/ /How to understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in places/ /How to recognize and interpret at different scales the relationships among patterns and processes/ /How to define regions and evaluate the regionalization process/ /How to characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places/ /Geographic technologies, such as GIS, remote sensing, and GPS/ /Sources of geographical ideas and data: the field, census data, and satellite imagery/ Unit II. Population (13–17%) /Geographical analysis of population/ /Density, distribution, and scale/ /Implications of various densities and distributions/ /Patterns of composition: age, sex, race, and ethnicity/ /Population and natural hazards: past, present, and future/ /Population growth and decline over time and space/ /Historical trends and projections for the future/ /Theories of population growth, including the Demographic Transition Model/ /Patterns of fertility, mortality, and health/ /Regional variations of demographic transitions/ /Effects of population policies/ /Population movement/ /Migration selectivity/ /Major voluntary and involuntary migrations at different scales/ /Theories of migration, including push and pull factors, human capital, and life course/ /International migration and refugees/ /Socioeconomic consequences of migration/ Unit III. Cultural Patterns and Processes (13–17%) /Concepts of culture/ /Traits/ /Diffusion/ /Acculturation, assimilation, and globalization/ /Cultural regions/ /Cultural differences/ /Language/ /Religion/ /Ethnicity/ /Gender/ /Popular and folk culture/ /Cultural landscapes and cultural identity/ /Values and preferences/ /Symbolic landscapes and sense of place/ /Environmental impact of cultural attitudes and practices/ Unit IV. Political Organization of Space (13–17%) /Territorial dimensions of politics/ /The concept of territoriality/ /The nature and meaning of boundaries/ /Influences of boundaries on identity, interaction, and exchange/ /Federal and unitary states/ /Spatial relationships between political patterns and patterns of ethnicity, economy, and environment/ /Evolution of the contemporary political pattern/ /The nation-state concept/ /Colonialism and imperialism/ /Democratization/ /Changes and challenges to political–territorial arrangements/ /Changing nature of sovereignty/ /Fragmentation, unification, alliance/ /Supranationalism and devolution/ /Electoral geography, including gerrymandering/ /Terrorism/ Unit V. Agriculture and Rural Land Use (13–17%) /Development and diffusion of agriculture/ /Neolithic Agricultural Revolution/ /Second Agricultural Revolution/ /Green Revolution/ /Modern Commercial Agriculture/ /Major agricultural production regions/ /Agricultural systems associated with major bioclimatic zones/ /Variations within major zones and effects of markets/ /Linkages and flows among regions of food production and consumption/ /Rural land use and settlement patterns/ /Models of agricultural land use, including von Thünen’s model/ /Settlement patterns associated with major agriculture types/ /Land use/land cover change, irrigation, conservation(desertification, deforestation)/ /Modern commercial agriculture/ /Biotechnology, including genetically modified plants and animals/ /Spatial organization and diffusion of industrial agriculture/ /Organic farming and local food production/ /Environmental impacts of agriculture/ Unit VI. Industrialization and Economic Development (13–17%) /Growth and diffusion of industrialization/ /The changing roles of energy and technology/ /Industrial Revolution/ /Evolution of economic cores and peripheries/ /Geographic critiques of models of economic localization(i.e., bid rent, comparative costs of transportation), industrial location, economic development, and world systems/ /Contemporary patterns and impacts of industrialization and development/ /Spatial organization of the world economy/ /Variations in levels of development/ /Deindustrialization and economic restructuring/ /Globalization and international division of labor/ /Natural resources and environmental concerns/ /Sustainable development/ /Local development initiatives: government policies/ /Women in development/ Unit VII. Cities and Urban Land Use (13–17%) /Development and character of cities/ /Origin of cities/ /Rural–urban migration and urban growth/ /Global cities and megacities/ /Suburbanization and edge cities/ /Models of urban systems/ /Rank-size rule/ /Central place theory/ /Gravity model/ /Models of internal city structure/ /Concentric zone model/ /Sector model/ /Multiple-nuclei model/ /Changing employment mix/ /Changing demographic and social structures/ /Uneven development, ghettoization, and gentrification/ /Built environment and social space/ /Housing/ /Transportation and infrastructure/ /Political organization of urban areas/ /Urban planning and design/ /Patterns of race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status/ Geography Advanced Placement A __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 0%