Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/The 2011 Japan Earthquakes 2

Telecommunications thumb|right|Damaged utility pole in Ishinomaki Cellular and landline phone service suffered major disruptions in the affected area.Tokyo phone lines jammed, trains stop http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-12/rest-of-world/28683249_1_trains-phone-lines-tokyo Times of India 12 March 2011 The temblor shook buildings in the capital, left millions of homes across Japan without electricity, shut down the mobile phone network and severely disrupted landline phone service. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2b6KaCx 18 April 2011 no On the day of the quake, American broadcaster NPR was unable to reach anyone in Sendai with working phone or Internet.http://www.npr.org/2011/03/11/134467277/A-Look-At-The-Japanese-City-Closest-To-The-Quake 26 March 2011 A Look At The Japanese City Closest To The Quake http://www.webcitation.org/5y2b6tu5Q 18 April 2011 no Internet services were largely unaffected in areas where basic infrastructure remained, despite the earthquake having damaged portions of several undersea cable systems landing in the affected regions; these systems were able to reroute around affected segments onto redundant links.http://gigaom.com/broadband/in-japan-many-under-sea-cables-are-damaged/ In Japan, Many Undersea Cables Are Damaged: Broadband News and Analysis Gigaom.com 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5xCrffo18 15 March 2011 noCowie James http://www.renesys.com/blog/2011/03/japan-quake.shtml Japan Quake – Renesys Blog Renesys.com 11 March 2011 15 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5x9kSwgxs 13 March 2011 no Within Japan, only a few websites were initially unreachable.Japan's phone networks remain severely disrupted http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9214261/Japan_s_phone_networks_remain_severely_disrupted Computerworld 12 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2emLvjn 18 April 2011 no Several Wi-Fi hotspot providers have reacted to the quake by providing free access to their networks, and some American telecommunications and VoIP companies such as AT&T, Sprint, Verizonhttp://mashable.com/2011/03/14/att-free-calls-japan/ 30 March 2011 AT&T, Sprint & Verizon Offer Free Calls & Texts to Japan from U.S. [UPDATED] http://www.webcitation.org/5y2b7Ms5J 18 April 2011 no and VoIP companies such as netTALKhttp://www.vancouversun.com/business/netTALK+Extends+Free+Calling+Japan+Through+April/4478989/story.html 30 March 2011 netTALK Extends Free Calling to Japan Through April http://www.webcitation.org/5y2enGc01 18 April 2011 no and Vonagehttp://www.fiercevoip.com/story/vonage-offers-free-calls-japan/2011-03-14/ 30 March 2011 Vonage offers free calls to Japan http://www.webcitation.org/5y2eoB5LC 18 April 2011 no have offered free calls to (and in some cases, from) Japan for a limited time. Space center JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) evacuated the Tsukuba Space Center in Tsukuba, Ibaraki. The Center, which houses a control room for part of the International Space Station, has been shut down, with some damage reported.Malik Tariq http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42038724/ns/technology_and_science-space/ Quake forces closure of Japanese space center MSNBC 12 March 2011 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2eoLjd1 18 April 2011 nohttp://www.asahi.com/science/update/0316/TKY201103160235.html asahi.com（朝日新聞社）：茨城の宇宙機構施設が損傷 「きぼう」一部管制できず – サイエンス Asahi Shimbun 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2woTRPp 18 April 2011 no The Tsukuba control center resumed full operations for the space station's Kibo laboratory and the HTV cargo craft on March 21.http://www.spaceflightnow.com/h2b/htv2/110327update/ spaceflightnow.com Stephen Clark 28 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2wpCsdy 18 April 2011 no Cultural Properties thumb|right|150px|Damage to a Tōrō|traditional lantern at Tokiwa Jinja|Tokiwa shrine in Mito, Ibaraki|Mito City Five hundred and forty-nine Cultural Properties of Japan|Cultural Properties were damaged, including five National Treasures of Japan|National Treasures (at Zuigan-ji, Ōsaki Hachiman-gū, Shiramizu Amidadō, and Seihaku-ji); one hundred and forty-three Important Cultural Properties of Japan|Important Cultural Properties (including at Sendai Tōshō-gū, the Kōdōkan (Mito)|Kōdōkan, and Entsū-in (Matsushima)|Entsū-in, with its Namban art|western decorative motifs); one hundred and twenty Monuments of Japan (including Matsushima, Rikuzentakata, Iwate#Takata-matsubara|Takata-matsubara, Yūbikan and the Site of Tagajō); seven Groups of Traditional Buildings; and three Cultural Properties of Japan#Folk Cultural Properties|Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties. Stone monuments at the UNESCO World Heritage Site: Shrines and Temples of Nikkō were toppled.http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/2011_Tohoku_ver8.pdf Damages to Cultural Properties in the "the Great East Japan Earthquake" Agency for Cultural Affairs 19 May 2011http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0314/TKY201103140194.html 国宝の松島・瑞巌寺、壁４、５カ所にひび割れ　文化庁 Asahi Shimbun 14 March 2011 25 March 2011http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/culture/news/20110312-OYT1T00635.htm 岡倉天心ゆかりの文化財「六角堂」、津波で消失 Daily Yomiuri 12 March 2011 6 May 2011http://www.rits-dmuch.jp/jp/project/dl_files/c_h/E/tohoku0408E.pdf Map of National Treasures, Important Cultural Properties (Buildings) Damaged Ritsumeikan 9 May 2011 In Tokyo, there was damage to Koishikawa Kōrakuen, Rikugien Garden|Rikugien, Hamarikyu Gardens|Hamarikyū Onshi Teien, and the walls of Edo Castle.http://www.bunka.go.jp/bunkashingikai/seisaku/09_01/pdf/shiryo_6.pdf Damage to Cultural Properties Agency for Cultural Affairs 27 April 2011 9 May 2011 Information on the condition of collections held by museums, libraries and archives is still incomplete.http://www.iccrom.org/eng/news_en/2011_en/various_en/13_24earthquakeJapan_en.pdf An Interim Report on the Situation of Cultural Heritage in Japan after the Tohoku district -off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake (or Tohoku Earthquake) ICCROM 8 May 2011 There was no damage to the Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi in Iwate prefecture, and the recommendation for their inscription on the World Heritage Sites in Japan|UNESCO World Heritage List in June has been seized upon as a symbol of international recognition and recovery.http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110507002957.htm UNESCO move brings joy Daily Yomiuri 9 May 2011 Aftermath thumb|200px|upright|Rescue operations in the floodwaters The aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami included both a humanitarian crisis and a major economic impact. The tsunami resulted in over 300,000 refugees in the Tōhoku region, and shortages of food, water, shelter, medicine and fuel for survivors. In response the Japanese government mobilized the Self-Defence Forces, whilst many countries sent search and rescue teams to help search for survivors. Aid organizations both in Japan and worldwide also responded, with the Japanese Red Cross reporting $1 billion in donations. The economic impact included both immediate problems, with industrial production suspended in many factories, and the longer term issue of the cost of rebuilding which has been estimated at ¥10 trillion ($122 billion). Media coverage thumb|right|200px|Protesting following the disaster Japan's national public broadcaster, NHK, and Japan Satellite Television suspended their usual programming to provide ongoing coverage of the situation.NHK News, 14:40 JST. Various other nationwide Japanese TV networks also broadcast uninterrupted coverage of the disaster. Ustream Asia broadcast live feeds of NHK, Tokyo Broadcasting System, Fuji TV, TV Asahi, TV Kanagawa, and CNN on the Internet starting on 12 March 2011.http://internet.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/20110312_432721.html Ustream Asia、民放TV各局の東北地方太平洋沖地震報道番組を同時配jmjffr -INTERNET Watch http://www.webcitation.org/5y2wpuUWE 18 April 2011 no YokosoNews, an Internet webcast in Japan, dedicated its broadcast to the latest news gathered from Japanese news stations, translating them in real time to English.Pinola, Melanie. Listen to Live Coverage from Japan In English from YokosoNews, "lifehacker", 13 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2wqbuig 18 April 2011 NHK has been noted for its calmness, in comparison to foreign television news such as CNN and Fox News Channel, whose coverage has contained factual errors and raised alarm among foreign residents of Japan. The same critics note that the Japanese news media has been at times overly cautious to avoid panic and reliant on confusing statements by experts and officials.Brasor, Philip. "Local broadcasters remain calm during the quake crisis," Japan Times. 20 March 2011; Johnston, Eric. "Foreign media take flak for fanning fears," Japan Times. 21 March 2011; Harlan, Chico and Akiko Yamamoto. "In Japan, disaster coverage is measured, not breathless," Washington Post (US). March 27, 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-15. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2wqoFZn 18 April 2011 In this national crisis, the Japanese government provided Japanese sign language (JSL) interpreting at the press conferences related to the earthquake and tsunami.Link redacted due to spam protection blacklist please see May 23 3:24 PM Discussion page for ref Television broadcasts of the press conferences of Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister Naoto Kan and Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano included simultaneous JSL interpreters standing next to the Japanese flag on the same platform. "Japan Relief Headquarters for Persons with Disabilities Petition for Support and Accommodation Following Earthquake," United States International Council on Disabilities (USICD), March 17, 2011, retrieved 2011-04-14; "New Komeito post-quake initiatives being adopted," New Komeito Party. March 20, 2011, retrieved 2011-04-14; "Japan's PM set to visit crippled nuclear plant," CTV (Canada). 1 April 2011; see photo. Retrieved 2011-04-14. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2wssAVh 18 April 2011 Scientific and research response thumb|400px|Fukushima radiation comparison to other incidents and standards, with graph of recorded radiation levels and specific accident events. A large amount of data was collected that provides "the possibility to model in great detail what happened during the rupture of an earthquake." The effect of this data is expected to be felt across other disciplines as well, and this disaster "would provide unprecedented information about how buildings hold up under long periods of shaking – and thus how to build them better. We had very little information about that before now".http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-sci-japan-quake-science-20110313,0,5782113.story Japan earthquake shifted Earth on its axis Brown Eryn 12 March 2011 Los Angeles Times 13 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5x96cBq8d 13 March 2011 Seismologists had anticipated that the "big one" would strike the same place as the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake—in the Sagami Trough, southwest of Tokyo.http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/03/110315-japan-earthquake-tsunami-big-one-science/ Japan Earthquake Not the "Big One"? Lovett Richard A. 14 March 2011 National Geographic News 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5xG1LYwp9 17 March 2011http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/11/AR2011031102415_pf.html Japan: The 'Big One' hit, but not where they thought it would Achenbach Joel 11 March 2011 The Washington Post 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5xG1EVm2z 17 March 2011 Since 1976, when Katsuhiko Ishibashi said a large earthquake in the Suruga Trough was forthcoming, the government tracked plate movements, in preparation for the so-called Tokai earthquakes|Tokai earthquake.http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/03/japan-earthquake-surpise/ Japan Quake Epicenter Was in Unexpected Location Powell Devin 17 March 2011 Wired News 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5xG14OpFb 17 March 2011 Occurring 373 km (232 mi) northeast of Tokyo, the Tōhoku earthquake came as a surprise to seismologists, since the Japan Trench was known for creating large quakes, but was not expected to generate quakes above an 8.0 magnitude. References In the early days after the earthquake some other names were proposed and used. The Japan Meteorological Agency announced the English name as The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku Earthquake. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2011/03/quake-shifted-japan-coast-about-13-feet-knocked-earth-65-inches-off-axis/1 Quake shifted Japan coast about 13 feet, knocked Earth 6.5 inches off axis Michael Winter 14 March 2011 USA Today 15 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2wu5DFh 18 April 2011 nohttp://www.jma.go.jp/jma/en/News/2011_Earthquake_01.html The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake ~first report~ March 2011 Japan Meteorological Agency 15 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5x9gMMWr1 13 March 2011 no NHKhttp://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/jishin0311/ NHKニュース 東北関東大震災（動画） .nhk.or.jp 15 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5x9kH20np 13 March 2011 nohttp://www3.nhk.or.jp/saigai/jishin/sendai/4133_1.html 仙台放送局 東北関東大震災 .nhk.or.jp 15 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5x8MOuSc5 12 March 2011 no used Tōhoku Kantō Great Earthquake disaster; Tōhoku-Kantō Great Earthquake was used by Kyodo News,http://www.kyodonews.jp/feature/news04/ 東日本大震災 – 一般社団法人 共同通信社 ニュース特集 Kyodonews.jp 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2x66xFC 18 April 2011 no Tokyo Shimbun【東京】 http://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/tokyo/20110312/CK2011031202000013.html 東京新聞:収まらぬ余震 …不安 東北・関東大地震:東京(TOKYO Web) Tokyo-np.co.jp 17 March 2011 and Chunichi Shimbun;【中日新聞からのお知らせ】 http://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/release/CK2011031202000067.html 中日新聞:災害義援金受け付け 東日本大震災:中日新聞からのお知らせ(CHUNICHI Web) Chunichi.co.jp 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2x7VS0y 18 April 2011 no East Japan Giant Earthquake was used by Yomiuri Shimbun,http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/feature/eq2011/ 東日本巨大地震 震災掲示板 : 特集 : YOMIURI ONLINE（読売新聞） Yomiuri Shimbun 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2x8tebC 18 April 2011 no Nihon Keizai Shimbunhttp://www.nikkei.com/news/special/top/q=9694E3E3E2E1E0E2E3E3E5E3E6E2;p=9694E3E3E2E1E0E2E3E3E5E3E1E6;o=9694E3E3E2E1E0E2E3E3E5E3E1E1 東日本巨大地震 ：特集 ：日本経済新聞 Japanese Nikkei.com 1 January 2000 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2x9UcNY 18 April 2011 no and TV Asahi,http://news.tv-asahi.co.jp/ann/news/web/html/210313015.html 【地震】東日本巨大地震を激甚災害指定 政府 News.tv-asahi.co.jp 17 March 2011 and East Japan Great Earthquake was used by Nippon Television,https://cr.ntv.co.jp/24htv/charity/ 東日本大地震 緊急募金受け付け中 Cr.ntv.co.jp 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2xBREvo 18 April 2011 no Tokyo FMhttp://www.tfm.co.jp/timetable/?date=20110314 番組表 – TOKYO FM 80.0 MHz – 80.Love FM RADIO STATION Tfm.co.jp 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2xC2muf 18 April 2011 no and TV Asahi.http://kakaku.com/tv/channel=10/programID=4196/episodeID=472647/ 「報道特番 ～東日本大地震～」 2011年3月14日（月）放送内容 Kakaku.com 17 March 2011 External links 2011 Sendai earthquake Category:2011 Sendai earthquake and tsunami Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale|Shindo scale map throughout Japan on 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami from Japan Meteorological Agency (Japanese) Countdown to Catastrophe: MegaQuake – Japan and Beyond (documentary) Earthquake Report from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Poster of the Great Tohoku Earthquake from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Scientific information about the Tohoku earthquake Pacific Tsunami Warning Center at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Japan Earthquake 2011 All Partners Access Network (APAN) Japan Incident Map at Esri Map of Tsunami Innundation Areas in Japan from ReliefWeb Japan Disaster: Most Shocking Pics – slideshow by Life (magazine)|Life Massive earthquake hits Japan Photos from The Boston Globe Japan Earthquake: before and after aerial and satellite images from ABC News, credited to Post-earthquake images of Japan Satellite Photos of Japan, Before and After the Quake and Tsunami The New York Times Diverse satellite imagery taken under the aegis of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters 110311 JapanEarthquake at the Federation of Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP Federation) 2011 Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami at Google Crisis Response Red Earthquake and Tsunami Alert in Japan at the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS) Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Datafeeds gathering and Japan Data Profile inputs for Common Operational Datasets at CrisisCommons Japan: Earthquake and Tsunami – Mar 2011 ReliefWeb Map of the Damage From the Japanese Earthquake The New York Times Japan in Crisis: A Series of Interviews with Scholars by Peter Shea at the University of Minnesota Special: The Tohoku-Oki Earthquake, Japan - free-access scientific papers from Science magazine Tsunami videos Minamisanriku, Miyagi|Minami Sanriku video of tsunami, shot from Shizugawa High School (志津川高校): video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vZR0Rq1Rfw YouTube.com 南三陸町志津川高校から見た津波の様子 Tsunami attacking in Minami-Sanriku Japanese 11 March 2011 21 April 2011 another video from a similar vantage point as above, showing a wider-angle view of some parts: video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omY9cwaFAy0 YouTube.com 画質調整版　南三陸町　志津川 japan earthquake, tsunami 11 March 2011 26 April 2011 video of tsunami, shot from Shizugawa Junior High School (志津川中学校): video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxng4VE8ptw YouTube.com 南三陸町を襲った津波の一部始終 tsunami Minamisanriku, Miyagi, japan Japanese 11 March 2011 21 April 2011 Miyako, Iwate|Miyako cars tossed and ships tipping over: video 東北・関東地震　宮古市の港に到達した津波 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NztouaHuCXw YouTube.com 11 March 2011 201-04-25 Kamaishi, Iwate|Kamaishi From a hillside: video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRDpTEjumdo YouTube.com Fresh footage of huge tsunami waves smashing town in Japan RussiaToday Japanese 11 March 2011 27 April 2011 From the Post Office building near the waterfront: video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ikus_TEaGI YouTube.com Caught on Tape: Tsunami hits Japan port town CBS 11 March 2011 27 April 2011 Kesennuma, Miyagi|Kesennuma from the waterfront: video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQfdl7y-blE YouTube.com Japan Earthquake 2011 - Japan Tsunami 2011.mp4 11 March 2011 27 April 2011 Shiogama, Miyagi|Shiogama spilling into the streets: video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PR_jGb4flt8 YouTube.com 高画質調整版　2011年3月11日　15時54分～　塩釜港の津波　tsunami shiogama 11 March 2011 27 April 2011 same incident as above, shot from rooftop parking lot: video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjHLeGYxdq4 YouTube.com 東北地方太平洋沖地震 津波 塩竈港.mov 11 March 2011 27 April 2011 Sendai, Miyagi|Sendai spreading across farmland towards a road, near the Miyagi Prefecture Route 10 (県道10号) bridge across the Natori River: video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4w27IczOTk YouTube.com Associated Press / NHK World Raw Video: Tsunami Slams Northeast Japan 11 March 2011 28 April 2011 Sendai Airport: cars and aircraft being washed away: video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YANatbCq9Zw YouTube.com Asahi.com 【海上保安庁提供】仙台空港を襲う津波 Japanese 11 March 2011 7 May 2011 Gross, Richard. (2011, March 19) “Japan Earthquake May Have Shifted Earth’s Axis” NPR online, http://www.npr.org/2011/03/18/134658880/Japan-Earthquake-May-Have-Changed-Earths-Axis