411 REFERENCE · Wikibooks
Modern Greek/Lesson 09.2
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Aorist
The aorist is the simple past in English. It is used for:
Narrating past events (those that lie entirely in the past)
Note that the aorist stem is not just associated with the past, it is also used:
In subordinating constructions such as "θα" and "θέλω/μπορώ να".
1st Conjugation
The past tense is used to indicate an action that occurred at one time in the past, or that has been completed. It is formed in the same way as the imperfect, but from the aorist stem.
Past:
διάβασα διαβάσαμε διάβασες διαβάσατε διάβασε διάβασαν
Example:
Χτες, διάβασε την εφημερίδα. Yesterday, he read the newspaper.
Formation of the aorist stem in the first conjugation
We have already seen that aorist stems are often formed by adding an "s" sound. The following list shows more of the common patterns:
right|thumb|200px|Ο Ευκλείδης
λύνω λύσω έλυσα loosen θέτω θέσω έθεσα put, place ακούω ακούσω άκουσα hear νιώθω νιώσω ένιωσα feel διαβάζω διαβάσω διάβασα read αλλάζω αλλάξω άλλαξα change υπάρχω υπάρξω υπήρξα exist ανοίγω ανοίξω άνοιξαopen επιδιώκω επιδιώξωεπίδιωξαaim σπρώχνω σπρώξω έσπρωξαpush διδάσκω διδάξω δίδαξαteach γράφω γράψω έγραψαwrite λείπω λείψω έπειψαlack σκύβω σκύψω έσκυψαlean, bend over
Examples:
Έλυσαν τις ζώνες τους. They loosened their belts. Μπορούμε να ακούσουμε τους σκύλους. We can hear the dogs. Ο Ευκλείδης ήταν Έλληνας μαθηματικός, που δίδαξε στην Αλεξάνδρεια της Αιγύπτου. Στις μέρες μας είναι γνωστός ως ο πατέρας της γεωμετρίας.euclid Euclid was a greek mathematician who taught in Alexandria, Egypt. Today (lit. "in our days") he is known as the father of geometry.
2nd Conjugation
Verbs use one of the suffixes -ασ-, -ησ, -εσ-. The accent also goes to the previous syllable:
The verb αγαπώ (to love) becomes αγάπησα
αγάπησα αγαπήσαμε αγάπησες αγαπήσατε αγάπησε αγάπησαν
The verb διψώ (to go thirsty) becomes δίψασα
δίψασα διψάσαμε δίψασες διψάσατε δίψασε δίψασαν
The verb καλώ (to call, to invite) becomes κάλεσα
κάλεσα καλέσαμε κάλεσες καλέσατε κάλεσε κάλεσαν
Examples:
Η μητέρα κάλεσε το παιδί της. The mother called her child. Τα παιδιά δίψασαν. The children went thirsty.