411 REFERENCE · Wikibooks
Set Theory/Review
Reference material by Wikibooks contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
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Definitions
Subset
Subset means for all x, if x is in A then x is also in B.
Proper Subset
Union
Intersection
Empty Set
Minus
Powerset
Ordered Pair
Cartesian Product
or
Relation
A set of ordered pairs
Domain
Range
Field
Equivalence Relations
Reflexive: A binary relation R on A is reflexive iff for all a in A, <a, a> in R
Symmetric: A rel R is symmetric iff for all a, b if <a, b> in R then <b, a> R
Transitive: A relation R is transitive iff for all a, b, and c if <a, b> in R and <b, c> in R then <a, c> in R
Partial Ordering
Transitive and,
Irreflexive: for all a, <a, a> not in R
Trichotomy
Exactly one of the following holds
x < y
x = y
y < x
Proof Strategies
If, then
Prove if x then y
Suppose x
...
...
so, y
If and only If
Prove x iff y
suppose x
...
...
so, y
suppose y
...
...
so, x
Equality
Prove x = y
show x subset y
and
show y subset x
Non-Equality
Prove x != y
x = {has p}
y = {has p}
a in x, but a not in y