Novial/Hound Lesson 5

100px|right|Novial flag Novial home – Pronunciation Guide Contents – Lesson 1 – Lesson 2 – Lesson 3 – Lesson 4 - Lesson 5 – Lesson 6 – Lesson 7 - Prefixes – Suffixes Li Hunde de Inferne Mortimer kontinua lekte: ”After ke les had voyaja tra un o du kilometres, les pasad mutone-farmere e klamad a lo ob lo had vida li chaso. Tamen li home esed tam foli pro timo ke lo apene poved parla. Ma finalim lo dikted ke ya lo had vida li hundes sekuent li desfelisi yuna. Lo dikted: ’Ma ultru me ha vida ke Hugo Baskerville pasad me sur sen nigri kavala e hintru esed tal hunde de inferne ke me prega ke lu non mey seku me.’ ”Li ebri siniores kavalkad a devanu til ke li nigri kavala did veni galopant kun vakui sadle e arosat per blanki skume. Aftru les kavalkad proxim mutu, pro ke les tre timad. Kavalkant lentim ye ti manere les trovad finalim li hundes. Quankam kurajosi tipe de hunde, les ploretad timosim regardant angusti vale devan les. ”Tri ek li homes, li maxim kurajosis o forsan li maxim ebris, kavalkad en li angusti vale. Tand lu larjisad en larji spatie in kel sidad du grandi stones kel esed plasat da serteni oblivet popule de oldi tempes. Li lune lumad klarim vor li desfelisi yuna had fala, morit pro timo e fatigo. Proximu liad li kadavre de Hugo Baskerville. Apud li kadavre mordant li kole, stead sordidu: grandi, nigri bestie kun forme de hunde, ma plu grandi kam irgi hunde kel mortal home ha vida. Durant ke les regardad, lu did tonda eku li kole de Hugo Baskerville, after ke, kand lu turnad sen brulanti okules vers les, li tri homes kriad pro timo e kavalkad for, ankore kriant. On dikte ke un ek les morid ye ti sami nokte pro tu kel lo had vida e ke li du altris esed ruptet homes durant sen seteri vivos.” Vocabulary after ke – after which aftru – after that, afterwards altri – other angusti – narrow apene – hardly, scarcely apud – near arosa – (to) sprinkle (with liquid), water bestie – beast blanki – white brula – (to) burn chaso – (the, a) chase, hunt da – by (indicates agent of an act) desfelisi – unhappy devan – in front of, ahead of, before (in space) devanu – ahead ebri – drunk, intoxicated en – into (instead of a in) fala – (to) fall fatigo – tiredness, fatigue finalim – finally foli – mad, crazy forme – form forsan – perhaps, maybe galopa – (to) gallop hintru – behind, behind that (him, her, it etc. inferne – hell irgi – any, no matter which kadavre – corpse, cadaver, dead body kavalka – (to) ride (on horseback) kilometre – kilometre klama – (to) shout klarim – clearly, brightly kole – neck kria – (to) cry out, scream kuraje – courage kurajosi – courageous, brave larji – wide, broad larjisa – (to) widen, broaden lentim – slowly lia – (to) lie, be lying down luma – (to) shine lune – moon manere – manner, way mey – may, let it be that morda – (to) bite mori – to die mortal – mortal mutone-farmere – sheep farmer mutu – each other, one another nigri – black nokte – night oblive – (to) forget parla – to speak pasa – (to) pass (by) per – by, with (instrument with which something is done) plasa – (to) place, put on a place ploreta – (to) whimper popule – people prega – (to) pray proximu – nearby, near to that quankam – although regarda – to watch, to regard, to look at attentively rupte – (to) break sadle – saddle sami – same seku – to follow seteri – remaining, rest of skume – froth, foam, scum sordidi – foul, disgusting, nasty, sordid spatie – space stea – (to) stand stone – (a) stone tal(i) – such (a), of that kind tand – then tamen – however, nevertheless, yet, still til ke – until timosim – fearfully tipe – type, kind tonda – (to) tear, rip, shear tra – through, across ultru – moreover, further vakui – empty vale – valley vivo – life vor – where voyaja – (to) travel ya – indeed, certainly (used to confirm a statement, in a sentence) Grammar Notes Active and Passive Participles The active participle is formed by adding -nt to the simple stem if it ends in -a or -e. If the stem ends in -u or -i -ent is added to the stem: brula – brulant ((to) burn – burning) rupte – ruptent ((to) break – breaking) seku – sekuent ((to) follow – following) mori – morient ((to) die – dying) These are pronounced with the stress on the -ant or the -ent. The endings -i, -e -o or -a can be added to these forms with their usual meanings: brulanti okules – burning eyes amanti fema – a loving woman amanta – a lover (female) amanto – a lover (male) amante – a lover (male or female) The passive participle is formed by adding -t to the simple stem. brula – brulat ((to) burn – burnt) rupte – ruptet ((to) break – broken) seku – sekut ((to) follow – followed) mori – morit ((to) die – dead) Notice that li kaptate in the title of lesson 4 literally means the captured (person), i.e. the captive. Participles Complete the following sentences by translating the English word in brackets. Li (dead) homo proximeskad sur (galopping) kavale. Me vud voli (interesting) libre. Me ama men (loving) amikes. Li (burnt) kadavre did lia in li agre. Li (standing) stones es tre oldi. Que ha plasa les sub (shining) lume? Prega por li (departed people). Li (captive) did fuga sur (unsaddled) kavale. Vu deved lerna bonim (learned) lektione. Bonim (told) rakontes interesa me. Li morit homo proximeskad sur galopanti kavale. Me vud voli interesanti libre. Me ama men amanti amikes. Li brulat cadavre did lia in li agre. Li steanti stones es tre oldi. Que ha plasa les sub lumanti lume? Prega por li departates. Li kaptate did fuga sur non-sadlat kavale. Vu deved lerna bonim lernat lektione. Bonim rakontat rakontes interesa me. Conjunctions from Prepositions plus KE Several conjunctions are formed by placing the simple conjunction ke (that) after a preposition: after ke – after which durant ke – while pro ke – because, on account of the fact that til ke – until The Reciprocal Pronoun MUTU The phrase one another, each other is translated with the pronoun mutu. Adding the adjectival ending -al forms the adjective mutual (mutual). li amantes ama mutu – the lovers love one another les rakonta rakontes a mutu – they tell stories to each other les tima mutu – they fear each other or les tima mutualim – they fear each other (mutually) Anaphoric Adjectives As we have seen in Lesson 1 adjectives are made into corresponding nouns with the endings -e, -a, -o and -u. However, if an adjective is used alone referring to a noun just mentioned (anaphorically) it retains the -i ending and if plural an -s is added to the -i. For example: tri ek li homes, li maxim kurajosis o forsan li maxim ebris – three of the men, the bravest or perhaps the drunkest un ek les morid e li du altris esed ruptet homes – one of them died and the two others were broken men The Prefix DES- The prefix des- forms the direct opposite of the root word. felisi – desfelisi (happy – unhappy) honorabli – deshonorabli (honourable – dishonourable) espera – desespera ((to) hope – (to) despair) The Adjectival Suffix -OSI The suffix -osi forms adjectives which mean having or possessing, especially in great quantity. otie – otiosi (leisure – idle, unoccupied) timo – timosi (fear – fearful) kuraje – kurajosi (courage – courageous, brave) The General Suffix -ET- The suffix -et- forms diminutives: kastele – kastelete (castle – chateau, small castle) plora – ploreta (weep – whimper) drinka – drinketa ((to) drink – (to) sip) It also forms terms of affection: patro – patreto (father – daddy) matra – matreta (mother – mummy) Word Derivation Use endings and affixes to convert the following Novial root words to the English words indicated. lume – bright, light nome – nickname interesa – to disinterest skume – foamy, frothy tima – to worry spatie – spacious salta – to hop klefa – to unlock stone – stony ebri – tipsy, a little drunk vakui – vacuous foli – crank vivo – lively, sprightly sadla – to unsaddle morda – to nibble lumosi nomete desinteresa skumosi timeta spatiosi salteta desklefa stonosi ebreti vakuosi folete vivosi dessadla mordeta _____________________________________________________________________________________ 100px|right|Novial flag Novial home – Pronunciation Guide Contents – Lesson 1 – Lesson 2 – Lesson 3 – Lesson 4 - Lesson 5 – Lesson 6 – Lesson 7 Prefixes – Suffixes