False Friends of the Slavist/Czech

cz 10 million ff101 brzy is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. The Czech meaning ‘soon (adv.)’ is unique. The meaning ‘quick, fast (adj.)’ (rychlý) is attested in Cr. brz, Bo. brz, Sb. брз, Bg. бърз. [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff4 čas is a complete false friend for about 271.5 million native speakers of Russian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 91 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian. chas The Czech meaning ‘time’ is shared by Blr. час, Ukr. час, Pol. czas, Slk. čas, Sln. čas. The meaning ‘hour’ (hodina) is attested in R. час, Bo. čas, Sb. час, Mk. час, Bg. час. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff98 čejka is a complete false friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. The Czech meaning ‘peewit, lapwing’ is shared by Pol. czajka. The meaning ‘seagull’ (racek) is attested in R. чайка, Blr. чайка, Bg. чайка. [NB: No information yet for Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff139 čerstvý is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘fresh’ is unique. The meaning ‘hard, dry’ (tvrdý, suchý) is attested in R. чёрствый. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff12 červenec is a complete false friend for about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. chrvn The Czech meaning ‘July’ is unique. The meaning ‘June’ (červen) is attested in Blr. чэрвень, Ukr. червень, Pol. czerwiec. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff175 chudý is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘poor’ is unique. The meaning ‘lean’ (hubený) is attested in R. худой. The meaning ‘bad, wretched’ (špatný) is attested in R. худой. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk., Bg.] ff186 dělo is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian. dmlo The Czech meaning ‘canon’ is unique. The meaning ‘matter, affair’ (záležitost) is attested in R. дело. The meaning ‘act, deed’ (čin) is attested in R. дело, Bg. дело. The meaning ‘battle’ (bitva) is attested in R. дело. The meaning ‘case, lawsuit’ (případ, proces) is attested in R. дело, Bg. дело. The meaning ‘file, document’ (spis, složka) is attested in R. дело, Bg. дело. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff228 dítě is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian; is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. The Czech meaning ‘child’ is shared by Cr. dijete, Bo. dijete, Sb. дете, Bg.  дете. The meaning ‘baby’ (dítě, miminko) is attested in Sln. dete. [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Mk.] ff33 divan is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish; is a true friend for about 275.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Macedonian. divan The Czech meaning ‘settee, sofa’ is shared by R. диван, Slk. diván, Sln. divan, Cr. divan, Bo. divan, Sb. диван, Bg.  диван. The meaning ‘carpet’ (koberec) is attested in Blr. дыван, Pol. dywan. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff77 doba is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 27.5 million speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 6 million native speakers of Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian. doba The Czech meaning ‘time, era, period’ is shared by Slk. doba, Sln. doba, Cr. doba, Bo. doba, Sb. доба, Bg. доба. The Czech meaning ‘time, duration’ is shared by Slk. doba. The meaning ‘day (24 hours)’ (den (24 hodin)) is attested in Pol. doba. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Mk.] ff199 Dunaj is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian; is a true friend for about 321.5 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. dunaj The Czech meaning ‘Danube’ is shared by R. Дунай, Pol. Dunaj, Slk. Dunaj, Cr. Dunaj, Bo. Dunaj, Sb. Дунај, Mk. Дунав, Bg. Дунав. The meaning ‘Vienna’ (Vídeň) is attested in Sln. Dunaj. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo.] ff200 hlava has additional meanings in the language of about 252 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘head’ is shared by R. глава (arch.), голова, Sln. glava, Bg. глава. The meaning ‘chapter’ (kapitola) is attested in R. глава (в книге), Bg. глава. The meaning ‘chief, boss’ (velitel, šef) is attested in R. глава (начальник), Sln. glava, šef, Bg. глава. The meaning ‘dome, vault’ (kopule) is attested in R. глава (купол). [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff3 hodina is a complete false friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 89 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian. godina The Czech meaning ‘hour’ is shared by Blr. гадзіна, Ukr. година, Pol. godzina, Slk. hodina. The Czech meaning ‘time, hour (poet.)’ (hodina, čas) is shared by R. година, Blr. гадзіна, час, Ukr. година, час, Pol. godzina, czas, Slk. hodina, čas. The meaning ‘year’ (rok) is attested in Cr. godina, Bo. godina, Sb. година, Mk. година, Bg. година. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff40 hora is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian; has additional meanings in the language of about 6 million native speakers of Slovak, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 352.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Macedonian. gora The Czech meaning ‘mountain’ is shared by R. гора, Blr. гара, Ukr. гора, Pol. góra, Slk. hora, Sln. gora, Cr. gora, Bo. gora, Sb. гора. The meaning ‘forest’ (les) is attested in Slk. hora, Bg. гора. The meaning ‘people’ (lidé) is attested in Bg. хора [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff214 hrad is a complete false friend for about 305.5 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian. grad The Czech meaning ‘fortress’ is shared by Sln. grad. The meaning ‘town’ (město) is attested in R. град (arch.), город, Cr. grad, Bo. grad, Sb. град, Bg. град. The meaning ‘hail’ (krupobití) is attested in R. град, Pol. grad, Cr. grad, Bo. grad, Sb. градBg. град. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Mk.] ff29 hrát has additional meanings in the language of about 67.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 72.5 million speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Slovak, Slovenian. igrati The Czech meaning ‘to play (a game)’ is shared by R. играть, Ukr. грати, Pol. grać, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati, Cr. igrati, Bo. igrati, Sb. играти, Mk. игра, Bg. играя. The Czech meaning ‘to play (theatre)’ is shared by R. играть, Blr. іграць, Pol. grać, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati, Mk. игра, Bg. играя. The Czech meaning ‘to play (music)’ is shared by R. играть, Blr. іграць, Ukr. грати, Pol. grać, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati. The meaning ‘to dance’ (tančit, tancovat) is attested in Blr. іграць, Pol. grać, Bo. igrati, Sb. играти, Mk. игра, Bg. играя. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff58 jahoda does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 315.5 million speakers of Russian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Slovak, Slovenian. The Czech meaning ‘berry’ is shared by R. ягода, Pol. jagoda, Slk. jahoda, Sln. jagoda. The Czech meaning ‘strawberry’ is shared by Slk. jahoda, Sln. jagoda, Cr. jagoda, Bo. jagoda, Sb. јагода, Mk. јагода, Bg. ягода. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo.] ff218 jel is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘drove/driven, rode/ridden, went/gone’ is unique. The meaning ‘ate/eaten’ (jedl) is attested in R. ел, Bg. ял. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff217 jet is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘to drive, to ride, to go’ is unique. The meaning ‘to fuck’ (šoustati) is attested in R. ети, еть, ебать. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff226 kněz is a complete false friend for about 312.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. The Czech meaning ‘priest’ is shared by Pol. ksiądz. The meaning ‘prince, duke’ (kníže) is attested in R. князь, Blr. князь, Ukr. князь, Cr. knez, Bo. knez, Sb. кнез, Bg. княз. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff36 kraj is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 66.5 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 2 million speakers of Macedonian; is a true friend for about 264 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Slovak. kraj The Czech meaning ‘edge’ is shared by R. край, Blr. край, Ukr. край, Slk. kraj, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Bg. край. The Czech meaning ‘region’ is shared by R. край, Blr. край, Ukr. край, Slk. kraj, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Mk. крај, Bg. край. The meaning ‘country’ (země) is attested in Ukr. край, Pol. kraj. The meaning ‘end’ (konec) is attested in Ukr. край, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Mk. крај, Bg. край. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff119 krásný is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 14 million native speakers of Slovak and Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘beautiful’ is shared by Slk. krásny, Bg. красив. The meaning ‘red’ (červený) is attested in R. красный. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff34 křeslo is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian; is a true friend for about 301 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. krslo The Czech meaning ‘armchair’ is shared by R. кресло, Blr. крэсла, Ukr. крісло, Slk. kreslo, Bg. кресло. The meaning ‘chair’ (židle) is attested in Blr. крэсла, Pol. krzesło. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff9 květen is a complete false friend for about 325 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. kvetn The Czech meaning ‘May’ is unique. The meaning ‘April’ (duben) is attested in Ukr. квітень, Pol. kwiecień. The meaning ‘pollen’ (pyl, pel) is attested in R. цветень. The meaning `coloured´ (barvitý) is attested in Bg. цветен [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff51 lékárna is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Slovak, Slovenian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Belarusian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. lekarna The Czech meaning ‘chemist’s, pharmacy’ is shared by Slk. lekáreň, Sln. lekarna. The meaning ‘hospital’ (nemocnice) is attested in Ukr. лікарня. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff50 léto has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 74.5 million speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 294 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Slovak. leto The Czech meaning ‘summer’ is shared by R. лето, Blr. лета, Ukr. літо, Pol. lato, Slk. leto, Cr. ljeto, Bo. ljeto, Sb. лето, Mk. лето, Bg. лято. The Czech meaning ‘year (in the plural), e.g. 30 years’ (léto (30 lét)) is shared by R. лето (30 лет), Pol. lato (30 lat), Slk. leto (30 let), Sln. leto (30 let). The meaning ‘year (in the sg.)’ (rok) is attested in Sln. leto. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff43 list is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 51.0 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Kashubian, Slovak; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 50,000 speakers of Kashubian; is a true friend for about 279.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. list The Czech meaning ‘sheet of paper’ is shared by R. лист, Blr. ліст, аркуш, Ukr. лист, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист, Bg. лист. The Czech meaning ‘leaf’ is shared by R. лист, Blr. ліст, Ukr. лист, Ka. lëst, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист, Bg. лист. The meaning ‘letter’ (dopis) is attested in Blr. ліст, пісьмо, Ukr. лист, Pol. list, Ka. lëst, Slk. list. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff8 listopad has additional meanings in the language of about 6 million native speakers of Croatian; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 283.5 million speakers of Russian, Upper Sorbian, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 85 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovenian. listopad The Czech meaning ‘November’ is shared by Blr. лістапад, Ukr. листопад, Pol. listopad, USo. listopad, Sln. listopad. The Czech meaning ‘falling of leaves’ is shared by R. листопад, Blr. лістапад, Ukr. листопад, Pol. listopad, Slk. listopad, Sln. listopad, Cr. listopad, Bo. listopad, Sb. листопад, Mk. листопад, Bg. листопад. The meaning ‘October’ (říjen) is attested in Cr. listopad. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo.] ff231 lůžko has additional meanings in the language of about 46 million native speakers of Polish, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘hospital bed; berth (on a train)’ is shared by Pol. łóżko, Bg. ложе. The meaning ‘bed’ (postel) is attested in Pol. łóżko, Bg. ложе. [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff56 masa has additional meanings in the language of about 10 million native speakers of Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 358.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. masa The Czech meaning ‘mass’ is shared by R. масса, Blr. маса, Ukr. маса, Pol. masa, Slk. masa, Sln. masa, Cr. masa, Bo. masa, Sb. маса, Mk. маса, Bg. маса. The meaning ‘table’ (stůl) is attested in Mk. маса, Bg. маса. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff28 matka is a complete false friend for about 297 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; has additional meanings in the language of about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 52 million speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. matka The Czech meaning ‘mother’ is shared by Blr. матка, Pol. matka, Slk. matka. The Czech meaning ‘nut (to screw on a bolt)’ is unique. The meaning ‘womb, uterus’ (děloha) is attested in R. матка, Blr. матка, Ukr. матка, Mk. матка, Bg. матка. The meaning ‘dam, female animal’ (samička, matka zvířat) is attested in R. матка, Blr. матка, Pol. matka. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff79 meč is a complete false friend for about 55.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian; is a true friend for about 303 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘sword’ is shared by R. меч, Blr. меч, Ukr. меч, Mk. меч, Bg. меч. The meaning ‘match, game’ (zápas, utkání) is attested in Pol. mecz, Cr. meč, Bo. meč, Sb. меч, Mk. меч. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln.] ff220 mír has additional meanings in the language of about 288 million native speakers of Russian, Polish; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 63.5 million speakers of Polish, Kashubian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian. mir The Czech meaning ‘hist. municipality, parish, commune’ (mír, občina) is shared by R.  мир. The Czech meaning ‘peace’ is shared by R.  мир, Pol. mir (arch.), pokój, zgoda, Ka. mir, Cr. mir, Bo. mir, Sb. мир, Bg. мир. The Czech meaning ‘quiet, stillness’ is shared by R. мир, покой, Pol. mir (arch.), spokój, Ka. mir, Cr. mir, Bo. mir, Sb. мир. The meaning ‘world’ (svět) is attested in R. мир, свет. The meaning ‘authority, prestige’ (vážnost, autorita) is attested in Pol. mir. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff49 mrak is a complete false friend for about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 6 million native speakers of Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Macedonian, Bulgarian. mork The Czech meaning ‘cloud’ is shared by Slk. mrak. The meaning ‘darkness’ (tma) is attested in R. мрак, Cr. mrak, Bo. mrak, Sb. мрак, Bg. мрак. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo., Sln.] ff2 muž does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 313.5 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 55 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovak, Slovenian, Macedo-nian, Bulgarian. muzh The Czech meaning ‘man’ is shared by Ukr. муж, Slk. muž, Sln. mož, moški, Mk. маж, Bg. мъж. The Czech meaning ‘husband’ is shared by R. муж, Blr. муж, Ukr. муж, чоловік, Pol. mąż, Slk. muž, Sln. mož, Cr. muž, Bo. muž, Sb. муж, Mk. маж, Bg. мъж. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff21 náhlý is a complete false friend for about 260 million native speakers of Russian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; has additional meanings in the language of about 62.5 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish. nagl The Czech meaning ‘sudden’ is shared by Blr. наглы (reg.), раптоўны, Ukr. наглий, Pol. nagły, Slk. náhly, Sln. nagel, Cr. nagao, Bo. nagao, Sb. нагао. The meaning ‘naughty’ (drzý, nestydatý) is attested in R. наглый, Ukr. нахабний, наглий, Bg. нагъл. The meaning ‘fast, quick’ (rychlý) is attested in Sln. nagel. The meaning ‘vehement, hasty’ (prudký, kvapný) is attested in Slk. náhly, Sln. nagel, Cr. nagao, Bo. nagao, Sb. нагао, Mk. нагло. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff19 napravo is a complete false friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 339.0 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Kashubian, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian. pravo The Czech meaning ‘to the right’ is shared by R. направо, Blr. направа, Ukr. направо, Pol. na prawo, Ka. w prawo, w prawą, Slk. napravo. The meaning ‘straight on’ (přímo) is attested in Cr. pravo, Bo. pravo, Sb. право, Mk. (на)право, Bg. (на) право. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff45 neděle does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 355 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 13.5 million native speakers of Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. nedelja The Czech meaning ‘week’ (týden, neděle) is shared by R. неделя, Bo. nedjelja, sedmica, Sb. недеља, седмица, Mk. недела. The Czech meaning ‘Sunday’ is shared by Blr. нядзеля, Ukr. неділя, Pol. niedziela, Slk. nedeľa, Sln. nedelja, Cr. nedjelja, Bo. nedjelja, Sb. недеља, Mk. недела, Bg. неделя. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff188 obchod is a complete false friend for about 288 million native speakers of Russian, Polish. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘shop’ is unique. The meaning ‘round, circuit’ (obchůzka) is attested in R. обход, Pol. obchód. The meaning ‘party’ (slavnost, výročí) is attested in Pol. obchód. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff151 olovo is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian. The meaning ‘tin, pewter’ (cín) is attested in R. олово. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff227 otrok is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Slovenian, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘slave’ is unique. The meaning ‘child’ (dítě) is attested in Sln. otrok, Bg. отрок. [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff42 ovoce is a complete false friend for about 287 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian; is a true friend for about 61.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Slovenian, Macedonian. ovokti The Czech meaning ‘fruits’ is shared by Pol. owoce, Slk. ovocie, Cr. voće, Bo. voće, Sb. воће, Bg.  овощи. The meaning ‘vegetables’ (zelenina) is attested in R. овощи, Ukr. овочі. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff128 palec is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘thumb’ is shared by Bg. палец. The meaning ‘finger’ (prst) is attested in R. палец. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff24 památník The Czech meaning ‘1. memorial 2. diary, notebook’is like R. памятник, Ukr. пам’ятник, Pol. pamiętnik, Ka. pamiãtnik, Slk. pamätník, Bg. паметник. pamjatnik ff100 paměť is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian. pamkt The Czech meaning ‘memory’ is shared by R. память, Bg. памет. The Czech meaning ‘computer memory’ is shared by R. память, Bg. памет. The meaning ‘reason, intellect’ (rozum) is attested in Cr. pamet, Bo. pamet, Sb. памет. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff80 pára is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 35.5 million native speakers of Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘steam’ is shared by Blr. пара, Ukr. пара, Pol. para, Slk. para, Sln. para, Cr. para, Bo. para, Sb. пара, Mk. пара, Bg. пара. The meaning ‘pair’ (pár) is attested in R. пара, Blr. пара, Ukr. пара, Pol. para. The meaning ‘a couple of, some’ (pár) is attested in R. пара, Blr. пара, Ukr. пара, Pol. parę. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff146 Petrohrad does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. The Czech meaning ‘St. Petersburg (until 1914 and since 1991)’ is shared by Cr. Petrograd, Bo. Petrograd, Sb. Петроград. The Czech meaning ‘Petrograd (1914-1924)’ is shared by R. Петроград, Cr. Petrograd, Bo. Petrograd, Sb. Петроград, Bg. Петроград. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff178 písmo is a complete false friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bg. Bulgarian; has additional meanings in the language of about 55.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. The Czech meaning ‘font, handwriting’ is shared by Pol. pismo, Cr. pismo, Bo. pismo, Sb. писмо. The meaning ‘letter’ (dopis) is attested in R. письмо, Cr. pismo, Bo. pismo, Sb. писмо, Bg. писмо. The meaning ‘document’ (písemnost) is attested in Pol. pismo. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff187 pivnice is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; is a true friend for about 25.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian. The Czech meaning ‘pub’ is shared by Cr. pivnica, Bo. pivnica, Sb. пивница, Bg.  пивница. The meaning ‘cellar’ (sklep) is attested in Pol. piwnica. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff60 plot is a complete false friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian; has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian; is a true friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. The Czech meaning ‘fence’ is shared by Pol. płot, Sln. plot, Cr. plot, Bo. plot, Sb. плот, Mk. плот. The meaning ‘body, flesh’ (tělo) is attested in R. плоть, Mk. плот, Bg. плът. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk.] ff44 pokoj has additional meanings in the language of about 44.0 million native speakers of Polish, Kashubian, Slovak; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 74.0 million speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Kashubian, Slovak, Slovenian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Croatian. pokoj The Czech meaning ‘quiet’ is shared by R. покой, Ka. pòkùj, Slk. pokoj, Sln. pokoj, Sb. покој, Mk. покој, Bg. покой. The Czech meaning ‘room’ is shared by R. покой (arch.), комната, Blr. пакой, Pol. pokój. The meaning ‘peace’ (mír) is attested in Pol. pokój, Ka. pòkùj, Slk. pokoj. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo., Bo.] ff54 poledne is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; has additional meanings in the language of about 46.0 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Kashubian; is a true friend for about 285.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. poldn The Czech meaning ‘noon’ is shared by R. полдень, Blr. поўдзень, Pol. południe, Ka. pôłnié, Slk. poludnie, Sln. poldan, Cr. podne, Bo. podne, Sb. подне, Mk. пладне, Bg. пладне. The meaning ‘south’ (jih) is attested in Blr. поўдзень, Ukr. південь, Pol. południe, Ka. pôłnié. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff168 popelník is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian; is a true friend for about 302 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Slovak, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bosnian, Serbian. pepelnica The Czech meaning ‘ash-tray’ is shared by R. пепельница, Pol. popielniczka, Slk. popolník, Bg.  пепелник. The meaning ‘Ash Wednesday’ (Popeleční středa) is attested in Sln. Pepelnica, Cr. Pepelnica. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Mk.] ff230 postel is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘bed’ is shared by R. постель, Bg. постеля. The meaning ‘bed linen, bed sheets’ (povlečení, lůžkoviny) is attested in R. постель, Pol. pościel, Bg. постеля. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff26 pověst is a complete false friend for about 350.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 2 million speakers of Slovenian; is a true friend for about 6 million native speakers of Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Serbian. povest The Czech meaning ‘fame, reputation’ is shared by Slk. povesť. The Czech meaning ‘legend’ is shared by Slk. povesť, Sln. povest. The meaning ‘novelette’ (krátký román) is attested in R. повесть, Blr. аповесць, Mk. повест, Bg. повест. The meaning ‘novel’ (román) is attested in Ukr. повість, Pol. powieść. The meaning ‘history’ (dějiny) is attested in Cr. povijest, Bo. povijest. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff20 prostě has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 285.5 million native speakers of Russian, Kashubian, Slovak, Slove-nian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. prosto The Czech meaning ‘simple, simply’ is shared by R. просто, Blr. проста, Ukr. просто, Pol. prosto, Ka. prosto, Slk. proste, Sln. prosto, Cr. prosto, Bo. prosto, Sb. просто, Mk. просто, Bg. просто. The meaning ‘straight on’ (přímo) is attested in Blr. проста, прамо, наўпрост, Ukr. просто, Pol. prosto. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff53 půlnoc has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 285.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. polnokt The Czech meaning ‘midnight’ is shared by R. полночь, Blr. поўнач, Ukr. північ, Pol. północ, Slk. polnoc, Sln. polnoč, Cr. ponoć, Bo. ponoć, Sb. поноћ, Mk. полноќ, Bg. полунощ. The meaning ‘north’ (sever) is attested in Blr. поўнач, Ukr. північ, Pol. północ. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff17 řeč is a complete false friend for about 102.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 266 million native speakers of Russian, Slovak, Macedonian, Bulgar-ian. rech The Czech meaning ‘speech’ is shared by R. речь, Slk. reč, Mk. реч, Bg. реч. The meaning ‘word’ (slovo) is attested in Cr. riječ, Bo. riječ, Sb. реч. The meaning ‘matter’ (věc) is attested in Blr. рэч, Ukr. річ, Pol. rzecz, Sln. reč. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff14 říjen is a complete false friend for about 6 million native speakers of Croatian; is a true friend for about 50,000 native speakers of Kashubian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. rujn The Czech meaning ‘October’ is shared by Ka. rujan. The meaning ‘September’ (září) is attested in Cr. rujan. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff39 rodina is a complete false friend for about 287.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 81 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak. rodbina The Czech meaning ‘family’ is shared by Ukr. родина, Pol. rodzina, Slk. rodina. The meaning ‘motherland, home region’ (vlast) is attested in R. родина, Blr. радзіна, Bg. родина. The meaning ‘relations’ (příbuzenstvo) is attested in Sln. rodbina, Cr. rodbina, Bo. rodbina, Sb. родбина, Mk. родбина. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff62 rok is a complete false friend for about 271.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. rok The Czech meaning ‘year’ is shared by Pol. rok. The meaning ‘destiny, fate’ (osud, úděl) is attested in R. рок. The meaning ‘fixed time, set term, deadline’ (termín, doba, lhůta) is attested in Sln. rok, Cr. rok, Bo. rok, Sb. рок, Mk. рок. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk.] ff105 rychlý is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘quick’ is unique. The meaning ‘loose, spongy’ (kyprý, drolivý) is attested in R. рыхлый. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff172 sad is a complete false friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 256 million native speakers of Russian, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. sad The Czech meaning ‘garden’ is shared by R. сад, Slk. sad. The meaning ‘orchard’ (ovocný sad, štěpnice) is attested in Pol. sad. The meaning ‘fruit’ (plod, ovoce) is attested in Sln. sad. The meaning ‘now’ (teď) is attested in Cr. sad, Bo. sad, Sb. сад. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Mk.] ff171 sklep is a complete false friend for about 290 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Slovenian; has additional meanings in the language of about 37.0 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Kashubian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian. sklep The Czech meaning ‘cellar’ is shared by Ukr. склеп, Ka. sklep. The meaning ‘decision’ (rozhodnutí) is attested in Sln. sklep. The meaning ‘shop’ (obchod, krám) is attested in Pol. sklep. The meaning ‘tomb, vault’ (hrob) is attested in R. склеп, Ukr. склеп, Ka. sklep. [NB: No information yet for Blr., LSo., USo., Slk., Mk.] ff141 skoro is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. The Czech meaning ‘almost’ is unique. The meaning ‘soon, quickly’ (brzo, rychle) is attested in R. скоро. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk., Bg.] ff5 slovenský is a complete false friend for about 362.6 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Kashubian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 6 million native speakers of Slovak. slovensk- The Czech meaning ‘Slovak’ is shared by Slk. slovenský. The meaning ‘Slovenian’ (slovinský) is attested in R. словенский, Blr. славенскі, Ukr. словінський, Pol. słoweński, Ka. słowensczi, LSo. słowjeński, USo. słowjenski, Sln. slovenski, Cr. slovenski, Bo. slovenski, Bg. словенски. The meaning ‘Slavonic’ (slovanský) is attested in Sb. словенски, Mk. словенски. [NB: Information complete.] ff16 slovo is a complete false friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 347 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Macedonian. slovo The Czech meaning ‘word’ is shared by R. слово, Blr. слова, Ukr. слово, Pol. słowo, Slk. slovo, Bg. слово. The meaning ‘letter (of the alphabet)’ (písmeno) is attested in Cr. slovo, Bo. slovo, Sb. слово. The meaning ‘leave-taking, farewell’ (rozloučení) is attested in Sln. slovo. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff206 slyšet has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘to hear’ is shared by R. слышать, Pol. słyszeć. The meaning ‘to listen’ (poslouchat) is attested in R. слышать, Bg. слушам. The meaning ‘to obey’ (poslouchat) is attested in Bg. слушам. The meaning ‘to smell, to feel a smell’ (cítit) is attested in R. слышать (носом). [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff13 srpen is a complete false friend for about 6 million native speakers of Croatian; has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian; is a true friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Belarusian, Slovak, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. srpn The Czech meaning ‘August’ is shared by Ukr. серпень, Pol. sierpień, Sln. veliki srpen. The meaning ‘July’ (červenec) is attested in Sln. mali srpen, Cr. srpanj. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff185 stávka is a complete false friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘strike’ is unique. The meaning ‘rate’ (sazba) is attested in R. ставка, Bg. ставка. The meaning ‘stake’ (sázka) is attested in R. ставка, Bg. ставка. The meaning ‘headquarters’ ((hlavní) stan) is attested in R. ставка. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff47 sto has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; is a true friend for about 351 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘a hundred’ is shared by R. сто, Blr. сто, Ukr. сто, Pol. sto, Slk. sto, Sln. sto, Cr. sto, Bo. sto, Sb. сто, Mk. сто, Bg. сто. The meaning ‘table’ (stůl) is attested in Cr. sto, Bo. sto, Sb. сто. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff48 stolice is a complete false friend for about 343.0 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Kashubian, Slovenian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 25.5 million native speakers of Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. stolica The Czech meaning ‘chair’ is shared by Slk. stolica, Cr. stolica, Bo. stolica, Sb. столица, Mk. столица. The meaning ‘capital’ (hlavní město) is attested in R. столица, Blr. сталіца, Ukr. столиця, Pol. stolica, Ka. stolëca, Bg. столица. The meaning ‘professorship’ (katedra) is attested in Sln. stolica. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff35 strana is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 104.5 million speakers of Ukrainian, Polish, Kashubian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 6 million native speakers of Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian. storna The Czech meaning ‘side’ is shared by Ukr. сторона, Pol. strona, Ka. strona, Slk. strana, Sln. stran, Cr. strana, Bo. strana, Sb. страна, Mk. страна, Bg. страна. The Czech meaning ‘page’ is shared by Slk. strana, Sln. stran, Cr. strana, Bo. strana, Sb. страна, Mk. страна. The Czech meaning ‘political party’ is shared by Slk. strana. The meaning ‘country’ (země) is attested in R. страна, Bg. страна. The meaning ‘cheek’ (tvář) is attested in Bg. страна. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff182 stroj is a complete false friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘machine’ is unique. The meaning ‘structure’ (stavba) is attested in R. строй. The meaning ‘line (mil.)’ (řada, šik) is attested in R. строй, Bg. ставка. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff57 štuka is a complete false friend for about 313.5 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian. shtuka The Czech meaning ‘stucco’ is unique. The meaning ‘piece’ (kus) is attested in R. штука, Pol. sztuka. The meaning ‘art’ (umění) is attested in Pol. sztuka. The meaning ‘pike’ (štika) is attested in Cr. štuka, Bo. štuka, Sb. штука, Bg. щука. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Mk.] ff46 stůl is a complete false friend for about 12 million native speakers of Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 356.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. stol The Czech meaning ‘table’ is shared by R. стол, Blr. стол, Ukr. стіл, Pol. stół, Slk. stôl, Cr. stol, Bo. sto, Sb. сто. The meaning ‘chair’ (židle, stolice) is attested in Sln. stol, Mk. стол, Bg. стол. The meaning ‘canteen’ (jídelna, menza) is attested in Bg. стол. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff184 stůl is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘table’ is shared by Pol. stół. The meaning ‘chair’ (židle, stolice) is attested in R. стул. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff221 svět is a complete false friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian; is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian; has additional meanings in the language of about 298 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Serbian. The Czech meaning ‘world’ is shared by R. свет, мир, Pol. świat, Sb. свет, Bg. свят . The meaning ‘very far/long’ (velmi daleko/dlouho) is attested in Pol. świat. The meaning ‘council’ (rada) is attested in Cr. svjet, savjet, Bo. svjet, savjet, Sb. свет. The meaning ‘light’ (světlo) is attested in R. свет. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk.] ff147 tykev is a complete false friend for about 279.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian. The Czech meaning ‘sweet melon’ is unique. The meaning ‘pumpkin’ (dýně) is attested in R. тыква, Sln. tikva, Cr. tikva, Bo. tikva, Sb. тиква, Mk. тиква, Bg. тиква. [NB: No information yet for Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk.] ff177 úrok is a complete false friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, урок. The Czech meaning ‘tribute, interest’ is unique. The meaning ‘lesson’ (lekce) is attested in R. урок, Bg. урок. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff32 věc is a complete false friend for about 59.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian is a true friend for about 264 million native speakers of Russian, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian. The Czech meaning ‘matter’ is shared by R. вещь, Slk. vec. The Czech meaning ‘thing’ is shared by R. вещь, Slk. vec, Bg. вещ. The meaning ‘clever’ (šikovný) is attested in Sln. vešč, Cr. vješt, Bo. vješt, Sb. вешт, Mk. вешт, Bg. вещ. The meaning ‘message’ (zpráva) is attested in Pol. wieść. The meaning ‘assembly’ (shromáždění, schůze) is attested in Pol. wiec. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff59 věk does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 279.5 million speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. vek The Czech meaning ‘age (of a person)’ is shared by Pol. wiek. The Czech meaning ‘age, epoch’ is shared by R. век, Pol. wiek, Sln. vek, Mk. век, Bg. век. The Czech meaning ‘century’ is shared by R. век, столетие, Pol. wiek, Sln. vek, Cr. vijek, Bo. vijek, Sb. век, Mk. век, Bg. век. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk.] ff183 vlast is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian, Bg. Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘home country’ is unique. The meaning ‘power’ (moc) is attested in R. власть, Bg. власт. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff18 vrah is a complete false friend for about 362.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 6 million native speakers of Slovak. vorg The Czech meaning ‘murderer’ is shared by Slk. vrah. The meaning ‘enemy’ (nepřítel) is attested in R. враг, Blr. вораг, Ukr. ворог, Pol. wróg, Mk. враг, Bg. враг. The meaning ‘devil, demon’ (čert) is attested in Sln. vrag, Cr. vrag, Bo. vrag, Sb. враг, Mk. враг. The meaning ‘slyboots, smartie’ (chytrák) is attested in Mk. враг. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff180 vůně is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian, Bg. Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. von The Czech meaning ‘scent, fragrance’ is shared by Pol. woń. The meaning ‘stench, stink’ (zápach) is attested in R. вонь, Bg. воня. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff37 východ does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 295 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian; is a true friend for about 6 million native speakers of Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. vychod The Czech meaning ‘east’ is shared by Slk. východ. The Czech meaning ‘exit’ is shared by R. выход, Blr. выхад, Ukr. вихід, Slk. východ. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff86 záchod is a complete false friend for about 292 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Slovenian, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 23.5 million native speakers of Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘toilet’ is shared by Slk. záchod, Cr. zahod, Bo. zahod, Sb. заход. The meaning ‘west’ (západ) is attested in Pol. zachód, Sln. zahod. The meaning ‘sunset’ (západ) is attested in R. заход, Pol. zachód, Sln. zahod, Mk. заод. The meaning ‘trouble, effort’ (snaha, námaha) is attested in Pol. zachód. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo.] ff179 zákaz is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘prohibition’ is shared by Pol. zakaz. The meaning ‘order’ (objednavka, zakázka) is attested in R. заказ. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff181 zápach is a complete false friend for about 288 million native speakers of Russian, Polish. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘bad smell, stench’ is unique. The meaning ‘smell (neutral)’ (vůně) is attested in R. запах, Pol. zapach. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff23 zapomenout is a complete false friend for about 270 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. zapomniti The Czech meaning ‘to forget’ is shared by Pol. zapomnieć. The meaning ‘to memorize’ (pamatovat si) is attested in R. запомнить, Blr. запомніць, Sln. zapomniti, Mk. запомни, Bg. запомня. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff61 závod is a complete false friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian; has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian; does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 260 million speakers of Russian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. zavod The Czech meaning ‘contest’ is unique. The Czech meaning ‘factory, works’ is shared by R. завод, Mk. завод, Bg. завод. The meaning ‘occupation, profession, trade’ (povolání) is attested in Pol. zawód. The meaning ‘institute’ (institut, ústav) is attested in Sln. zavod, Cr. zavod, Bo. zavod, Sb. завод, Mk. завод. The meaning ‘disappointment’ (zklamání) is attested in Pol. zawód. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk.] ff1 žena does not have all its Czech meanings in the mother tongue of about 333 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 35.5 million native speakers of Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. zhena The Czech meaning ‘woman’ is shared by Ukr. жінка, Slk. žena, Sln. žena, ženska, Cr. žena, Bo. žena, Sb. жена, Mk. жена, Bg. жена. The Czech meaning ‘wife’ is shared by R. жена, Blr. жонка, Pol. żona, Slk. žena, Sln. žena, Cr. žena, Bo. žena, Sb. жена, Mk. жена, Bg. жена. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] ff142 Žid/žid is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. jaid The Czech meaning ‘Jew (ethnically)’ (Žid) is shared by Pol. Żyd. The Czech meaning ‘Jew (religiously)’ (žid) is shared by Pol. żyd. The meaning ‘Jew (pejoratively)’ (Žid (pej.)) is attested in R. жид. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff229 žínka is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘little woman’ is unique. The Czech meaning ‘washrag’ is unique. The meaning ‘woman’ (žena) is attested in Ukr. жінка. [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff173 žito is a complete false friend for about 277.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian; has additional meanings in the language of about 6 million native speakers of Slovak; is a true friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish. The Czech meaning ‘rye’ is shared by Ukr. жито, Pol. żyto, Slk. žito, raž. The meaning ‘grain, cereals, (Br.) corn’ (obilí) is attested in R. жито, Sln. žito, Cr. žito, Bo. žito, Sb. жито. The meaning ‘wheat’ (pšenice) is attested in Slk. pšenica, žito, Bg. жито. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ka., LSo., USo., Mk.] ff7 život is a complete false friend for about 39 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovenian; has additional meanings in the language of about 296 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Polish; is a true friend for about 33.5 million native speakers of Kashubian, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. životъ The Czech meaning ‘life’ is shared by R. живот (arch.), жизнь, Blr. жывот (arch.), жыццё, Pol. żywot, życie, Ka. żëwot, żëcé, Slk. život, Cr. život, Bo. život, Sb. живот, Mk. живот, Bg. живот. The meaning ‘belly, body’ (břicho) is attested in R. живот, Blr. жывот, Ukr. живіт, Pol. brzuch, żywot, Sln. život. [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] ff140 žízeň is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘thirst’ is unique. The meaning ‘life’ (život) is attested in R. жизнь. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff114 zloděj is a complete false friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian. is a true friend for about 6 million native speakers of Slovak. The Czech meaning ‘thief’ is shared by Slk.  zlodej. The meaning ‘criminal, evildoer’ (zločinec) is attested in R. злодей, Bg. злодей. [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Pol., Ka., LSo., USo., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff232 zmenšený is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian. The Czech meaning ‘diminished, made smaller, reduced’ is unique. The meaning ‘tired’ (unavený) is attested in Pol. zmęczony. [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk.] ff38 zrak is a complete false friend for about 21.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 14 million native speakers of Belarusian, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Bulgarian. zork The Czech meaning ‘eyesight’ is shared by Blr. зрок, Slk. zrak. The meaning ‘air’ (vzduch) is attested in Sln. zrak, Cr. zrak, Bo. zrak. The meaning ‘ray, beam’ (paprsek) is attested in Sb. зрак, Mk. зрак. [NB: No information yet for Ka., LSo., USo.] There is no Czech word like Blr. ліпень, Ukr. липень, Pol. lipiec, Cr. lipanj. lipn There is no Czech word like Blr. дадатны, Ukr. додатний, Pol. dodatni, Cr. dodatni, Bo. dodatni, Sb. додатни. dodatn There is no Czech word like Cr. šuma, Bo. šuma, Sb. шума, Mk. шума, Bg. шума. shuma There is no Czech word like R. студень, Blr. студзень, Cr. studeni. studn There is no Czech word like R. ковчег, Sln. kovček, Cr. kovčeg, Bo. kovčeg, Sb. ковчег, Bg. ковчег. kovieg There is no Czech word like R. вредный, Pol. wredny, Sln. vreden, Cr. vrijedan, Bo. vrijedan, Sb. вредан, Mk. вреден, Bg. вреден. vredny There is no Czech word like R. дворец, Blr. дварэц, Ukr. двірець, Pol. dworzec, Cr. dvorac, Bo. dvorac, Sb. дворац, Mk. дворец, Bg. дворец. dvorc There is no Czech word like R. шина, Blr. шына, Ukr. шина, Pol. szyna, Ka. szina, Cr. šina, Bo. šina, Sb. шина, Mk. шина, Bg. шина. schiene There is no Czech word like Slk. bielizeň, R. белизна, Blr. бялізна, Ukr. білизна, Pol. bielizna, Cr. bjelina, Bo. bjelina, Sb. белина, Mk. белина, Bg. белина. belizna There is no Czech word like R. существовать, Cr. suučestvovati, Bg. съществувам. There is no Czech word like R. российский, Blr. расейскі, Ukr. російський, Pol. rosyjski. rossijskij There is no Czech word like Ukr. травень, Sln. traven (mali, veliki), Cr. travanj. travn Czech-Slavonic Edvard Lotko. Zrádná slova v polštině a češtině: Lexikologický pohled a slovník. Olomouc 1992. Czesko-polski słownik zdradliwych wyrazów i pułapek frazeologicznych. Ed. Teresa Zofia Orłoś. Kraków 2003. Marek Szałek, Jiří Nečas. Czesko-polska homonimia: Czesko-polski słownik wyrazów o identycznym lub podobnym brzmieniu oraz wyrazów o identycznym lub podobnym zapisie, lecz o odmiennym znaczeniu. Poznań 1993. Josef Vlček. Úskalí ruské slovní zásoby: Slovník rusko-české homonymie a paronymie. Praha 1966. Алексей Иванович Журавлев, Сергей Сергеевич Захаров. «Ложные друзья переводчика» с чешского языка. Москва 1977. http://ssjc.ujc.cas.cz – Slovník spisovného jazyka českého online