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OpenSSL/PEM
Reference material by Wikibooks contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
PEM stands for Privacy-enhanced Electronic Mail, it's a standard for a public-key cryptography.
Syntax
A PEM key must be stored in a file, preferably .pem, beginning and ending by these lines :
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
In Linux, we can identify the PEM certificates with the file command:
file MyCertificate.crt
MyCertificate.crt: PEM certificate request
Conversion
To convert a DER certificate to a PEM one:
openssl x509 -inform DER -in /etc/apache2/ssl/MyCertificate.crt -outform PEM -out /etc/apache2/ssl/MyCertificate.pem