Dutch/Lesson 2

les 2 Onbekenden en vrienden ~ Strangers and Friends Simple conversations II Grammar: Introduction to Verbs Adjectives, demonstratives and articles Syntax: Question and negation Gesprek 2-1 First push the button to simply listen to the following conversation. Then study the text to find out what the meaning is. If necessary, hover your mouse over a word and see an instant translation if you don't know it. Once you think you understand the conversation open the dropdown below to see the full translation. Finally listen to the conversation again and see how much you understand. First with eyes open to see the text. Then do it with eyes closed. If there are parts you do not understand when listening, go back to step 2. Finally use the vocabulary box on the right to memorize the vocabulary material 40px|noicon Standish: Goedemorgen good morning meneer sir, mister. Hoe How gaat goes het it met with u you (polite)? Jansen: Goedemorgen. Goed goed. Hoe How heet are called u? Standish: Ik I heet am called Standish. Robert Standish. En and u? Wat What is uw your naam name? Jansen: U heet Robert? Wat how, what toevallig coincidental! Ik heet ook also Robert. Robert Jansen. Standish: Inderdaad Indeed toevallig! Wij heten allebei both Robert. Weet know u hoe how die that mevrouw lady daar there heet is called? Jansen: Ik geloof I believe dat that zij she Alice heet is called. Standish: Gelooft u dat of or bent u zeker certain ervan thereof, of it? Jansen: Vrij rather zeker certain. Ze heet Alice Koopman. VocabularyWordPronunciationMeaninggoedemorgenfile:nl-goedemorgen.ogggood morninghetenfile:nl-heten.oggto be calledde meneerfile:nl-meneer.ogggentlemanufile:nl-u.oggyou (formal)uwfile:nl-uw.oggyour (formal)toevalligfile:nl-toevallig.oggcoincidentalinderdaadfile:nl-inderdaad.oggindeedallebeifile:nl-allebei.oggboth of us/them etc.de mevrouwfile:nl-mevrouw.oggladygelovenfile:nl-geloven.oggto believezekerfile:nl-zeker.oggcertainvrijfile:nl-vrij.oggfree, pretty gesprek 2-1 Standish: Good morning sir. How are you? Jansen: Goed morning. Fine. What is your name? Standish: I'm called Standish. Robert Standish. And you? What is your name? Jansen: Is your name Robert? What a coincidence! My name is Robert as well. Robert Jansen. Standish: A coincidence indeed! We are both called Robert. Do you know what that lady there is called? Jansen: I believe her name is Alice. Standish: Do you believe it or are you sure of it? Jansen: Pretty sure. Her name is Alice Koopman. waar of niet waar Study the above text and answer the following questions with Dit is waar - (this is true) Dit is niet waar - (this is not true) Meneer Standish heet Charles Meneer Standish en meneer Jansen heten allebei Robert Dit is erg toevallig Meneer Standish ziet sees een mevrouw staan stand, standing Meneer Standish gelooft dat zij Heleen heet. Standish en Jansen zijn goede good vrienden friends. Zij They zeggen say jij en jou tegen to elkaar each other. Meneer Standish heet Charles - niet waar. Hij heet Robert. Meneer Standish en meneer Jansen heten allebei Robert - waar Dit is erg toevallig - waar Meneer Standish ziet een mevrouw staan - waar Meneer Standish gelooft dat zij Heleen heet - niet waar. Standish en Jansen zijn goede vrienden. Zij zeggen jij en jou tegen elkaar - niet waar. Zij zeggen 'u'. Pronunciation drill 2-1. Hoe heet u? Your turn to say something The little sentence "Hoe heet u?" literally means: What are you called? and is usually translated as: What's your name?. It presents some serious pronunciation problems particularly for American speakers, because it contains three unfamiliar sounds. There are two difficult vowels, the [u] of "hoe" and the [y] of "u". They are hard because the American "u" is much less rounded than either and also more or less intermediary between the two in tongue position. Lips: Both Dutch vowels are strongly rounded, the lips are held as in blowing a kiss. Tongue: For the [y] the tongue is pushed forward to produced a little cup just behind the teeth, for the [u] it is pulled back to form a cup in the throat area. In addition the Dutch "h" is a bit different, because it is generally voiced [ɦ] Listen to the recording and try to reproduce the sounds: Nl-Dutch-hoeheetu-drill.ogg Hoe heet u? If you are French, Turkish or German the two vowels [u]/[y] are a piece of cake, but not the [ɦ]. If you are Hispanic, Italian or Russian the [u] is easy, but not [y] and [ɦ]. If you speak Arabic only the [y] should be a problem. Depending on your background you may have to revisit this to get your ears, lips and tongue used to it all. Grammatica 2-1 ~ Introduction to Verbs A verb (in Dutch: werkwoord) is that part of speech that describes an action. Verbs come in an almost bewildering array of tenses, moods, voices and aspects, and there are several major types: intransitive, transitive, ditransitive, and ergative verbs. Fortunately, the Dutch verb is not too different from the English one, although it does have a few more forms. I am called Standish Ik heet Standish What are you called (named)? Hoe heet u? ...that she is named (called) 'Alice' ...dat ze 'Alice' heet We are both called Robert Wij heten allebei Robert Pronunciationheetfile:nl-heet.ogggelooffile:nl-geloof.ogggelooftfile:nl-gelooft.ogghetenfile:nl-heten.ogggelovenfile:nl-geloven.oggIn the clips for heten and geloven the past tense and the past participle are also given.It is customary to memorize those three primitive forms of the verb, but we will deal with that later. The Dutch verb heten can best be translated as "to be named" or "to be called" and we see two forms of it here a singular one: heet used with ik,u,ze a plural one heten used for wij (as well the other plural persons). Actually there are usually three forms. This can be seen from: I believeIk geloofdo you believe?gelooft u?to believegeloven In the case of heten the extra -t does not get added because the stem already ends in a -t. In a later lesson we will revisit the verb forms associated with each person. The irregular verb to be-zijn has a few more forms in both languages. Gesprek 2-2 ~ De Engelsman First push the arrow button to listen to the following conversation. Then inspect the translation and hover over each word you do not know to find out what it means. Once you understand the narrative run the audio again, following along, making sure you know what is being said. Use the pronunciation box on the right to further strengthen your comprehension both in listening and in reading. Pronunciationde Engelsmanfile:nl-Engelsman.oggEnglishmande boekhoudingfile:nl-boekhouding.oggbookkeeping, administrationhet meisjefile:nl-meisje.ogggirlaangenaamfile:nl-aangenaam.oggpleasantde kennisfile:nl-kennis.oggacquaintance, knowledgemakenfile:nl-maken.oggto makede Nederlanderfile:nl-Nederlander.oggDutchmanechtfile:nl-echt.oggreal, reallywaarfile:nl-waar.oggtrue; whereergfile:nl-erg.oggveryPronunciation 2interessantFile:nl-interessant.ogginterestingkunnenFile:nl-kunnen.oggcan, to be ablealsFile:nl-als.oggif, whenhet beetjeFile:nl-beetje.ogglittle bitlangzaamFile:nl-langzaam.oggslow, slowlysprekenFile:nl-spreken.oggto speakgoedFile:nl-goed.ogggoodde collegaFile:nl-collega.oggcolleaguevoorstellenFile:nl-voorstellen.oggto introduce 40px|noicon Meneer Standish, een Engelsman, gaat goes naar to de boekhouding bookkeeping, administration. Meneer Standish: Goedemorgen. Bent Are u you mevrouw Koopman? Mevrouw Nieman: Nee. Zij She is het meisje girl daar there. Ik ben mevrouw Nieman. En u? Hoe heet u What is your name? Meneer Standish: Ik heet Standish. Mevrouw Nieman: Aangenaam Pleasant kennis te maken to make acquintance. Bent u Nederlander Dutchman? Meneer Standish: Nee, ik ben een Engelsman. Mevrouw Nieman: Echt waar really? Dat is erg very interessant. Kunt u mij verstaan understand? Meneer Standish: Ja Yes. Als If u een beetje a little langzamer more slowly spreekt speak. Mevrouw Nieman: Goed zo! Mag May ik u mijn my collega voorstellen introduce, present, mevrouw Koopman? Meneer Standish: Jazeker certainly! Gesprek 2-2 Mr. Standish, an Englishman goes to the administration department. Mr. Standish: Good morning. Are you Mrs. Koopman? Mrs. Nieman: No, she is the girl over there. I am Mrs. Nieman. And you? What is your name? Mr. Standish: Standish is my name. (lit.: I'm called Standish) Mrs. Nieman: Glad to meet you. Are you a Dutchman? Mr. Standish: No, I am an Englishman Mrs. Nieman: Really? That is very interesting. Can you understand me? Mr. Standish: Yes, If you speak a bit more slowly. Mrs. Nieman: All right. May I introduce my colleague, Mrs. Koopman. Mr. Standish: Certainly! Fill in the blank 2-2-F Say the word you think that belongs in the blank and use the hover method to check your choice Mevrouw Nieman wil Standish haar collega ______ voorstellen Mr. Standish vraag of ze een beetje ______ langzamer wil spreken. Mr. Standish bezoekt de ______ boekhouding. Mevrouw Nieman vraagt of Standish Nederlands kan _____ verstaan Vocabulary drill 2-1 File:nl-Dutch-ch2-vocabulary-drill.ogg Some common phrases Here are a few very common expressions. Push the button and listen to this drill, repeat in the pauses and say the Dutch phrase when told to. What is your name? - Hoe heet je? What time is it? - Hoe laat is het? Good morning - Goedemorgen Please - Alstublieft You are welcome - Graag gedaan Thank you - Dank u wel Of course memorizing words and expressions is an important part of learning any language and there are various ways of doing that. Have a look at the vocabulary pages. They are designed to help you acquire more words in a playful manner. Grammatica 2-2 ~ Inversion in questions and negations You may have wondered about the order of the words in ik geloof dat ze Alice heet. Even though Dutch verbs are not so much more complicated than English ones, word order is. In fact it is quite a bit more complicated than in English. For the moment let's just leave the above sentence for what it is and start with questions. Questions A question sentence in Dutch simply reverses the order of subject and verb. Recall: U heet meneer Standish ('You are named Mr. Standish). It became: Hoe heet u? as a question The normal word order of subject (u or "you") then verb (heten) is reversed and, in this case, an interrogative (hoe or "how") added. Additional examples: Hoe gaat het met u? ↔ Het gaat goed met u Bent u mevrouw Koopman?↔ U bent mevrouw Koopman Bent u Nederlander? ↔ U bent Nederlander ("You are Dutch"). Verstaat u mij?↔U verstaat mij ("You understand me"). Gelooft u?↔ Ik geloof40px|noicon English does the same thing when using the verb to be: I am - are you? ik ben - bent u? Dutch does not use the auxiliary to do as English requires in most other cases: ik weet - weet u? I know - do you know? (instead of "know you?") Negations The negative is formed by simply adding niet at the end: Ik versta u - I understand you Ik versta u niet - I do not understand you Again, Dutch does not use the auxiliary to do. (In fact using it sounds very foreign.) Even a negative question does not use to do: Verstaat u mij niet? - Don't you understand me? questions and negations Turn the following statements into questions and translate: U gelooft de man niet De man ziet een vrouw U verstaat Nederlands Het meisje daar is Anne U hoort beneden mensen Gelooft u de man niet? - Don't you believe the man? Ziet de man de vrouw? - Does the man see the woman? Verstaat u Nederlands? - Do you understand Dutch? Is het meisje daar Anne? - Is the girl there Anne? Hoort U beneden mensen? - Do you hear people downstairs? Gesprek 2-3 ~ Het nieuwe meisje noicon|40px Vocabularynieuwfile:nl-nieuw.oggnewhet meisjefile:nl-meisje.ogggirlmooifile:nl-mooi.oggpretty, beautifulgekfile:nl-gek.oggcrazylangfile:nl-lang.ogglonghet haarfile:nl-haar.ogghairtochfile:nl-toch.oggyet, though In this conversation, the parties are close friends. Karel: Heleen, wie who is dat nieuwe new meisje girl? Die brunette daar there. Heleen: Ik geloof believe dat ze Karolien heet. Karel: Ze is erg very mooi pretty, beautiful. Heleen: Ze is leuk cute, als je kleine meisjes met lang long zwart black haar hair leuk vindt leuk vinden:fancy. Karel: Ja. Ik ben gek crazy op dat haar. Wat een mooie meid babe! Heleen: Karel toch Shame on you! Gesprek 2-3 Charley: Helen, who is that new girl? That brunette there. Helen: I believe her name is Caroline. Charley: She is very beautiful. Helen: She is cute, if you like little girls with long black hair. Charley: Yeah, I love that hair. What a beauty! Helen: But Charley! (Shame on you) Fill in the blank 2-3-F Use the hover method to check your answer. Karel vraag aan Heleen wie dat nieuwe _____ meisje is. Karel vindt Karolien erg _____ mooi Heleen denkt dat Karel het lange zwarte _____ haar leuk vindt. Karel is ____ gek op dat haar. Grammatica 2-2 Adjectives, demonstratives and articles Gender Where English uses the demonstrative pronoun that, Dutch uses either dat or die, recall: dat nieuwe meisje. Die brunette. - that new girl, that brunette Similarly, where English uses the article the, Dutch has two possibilities: de or het, recall: de boekhouding, het meisje. - the administration, the girl We will revisit this phenomenon (gender) in the next lesson more extensively. There is a bit of a problem with it in Dutch. For the moment it is enough to realize that there are two kinds of words, ones that take de and die ones that take het and dat For this reason it is advisable to always memorize a word together with its definite article, e.g. as "de boekhouding", not simply as "boekhouding". Both articles and demonstrative pronouns are a special kind of adjectives: words that are added to make the meaning of another word more precise, like new, small or exciting die en dat Replace the articles by the correct demonstratives die or dat and translate (might have to guess a bit): Het huis (house) is van het nieuwe meisje De huizen zijn erg groot. De boekhouding is niet in orde De brunette heeft lang haar. Ik weet het telefoonnummer niet. Weet jij wie de vrouw is? Dat huis is van dat nieuwe meisje - That house belongs to that new girl Die huizen zijn erg groot. - Those houses are very big Die boekhouding is niet in orde - The administration is not in order Die brunette heeft lang haar. - That brunette has long hair Ik weet dat telefoonnummer niet. - I do not know that telephone number Weet jij wie die vrouw is? Do you know who that woman is? Inflection Recall that some adjectives in the dialogue ended in -e (mooie meid), sometimes they did not (is erg mooi). Adjectives can be used in two ways: before a noun (as an attribute) and after a copula (as predicate) (a copula is a verb like is or were). In English the adjective remains the same in both cases: The house is red ("red" is the predicate) The red car ("red" is an attribute of "car") As a predicate, Dutch adjectives are uninflected (i.e. they stay the same): Ik ben gek (I am crazy) Ze is mooi (She is pretty) De auto is rood (The car is red) Uninflected Dutch adjectives can typically also be used as an adverb. In contrast to English that does not require a suffix like -ly Prachtig gedaan! (Beautifully done!) But in Dutch adjectives are inflected with an ending -e, if they occur as an attribute. Compare: practice your colors de rode auto - the red car een rode auto - a red car de rode auto's - the red cars rode auto's - red cars But neuter words are a bit more omplicated. Neuter words are the ones that carry the definite article het and the demonstrative dat.(Again: we will revisit neuter nouns in the next lesson.) het rode huis een rood huis - a red house de rode huizen rode huizen As you see the adjective is not inflected after the indefinite article een. The adjective is also left uninflected, if the neuter noun occurs without any article: met groot gemak - with great ease (het gemak: neuter) This in not true for masculine or feminine words: in hoge nood - in desperate need (de nood is a masculine word, but more about that later) Thus, apart from the indefinite neuter, an attributive adjective is usually inflected with -e. There are a few exceptions, compare e.g.: de man - the man een grote man - a big man een groot man - a great man inflection Put the adjectives in parentheses in the correct form Dit is een (groot) boekhouding Deze haren zijn (lang) Dit (groot) huis is (hoog) Weet jij wie die (mooi) auto heeft? Dit is een (klein) meisje Dit is een grote boekhouding Deze haren zijn lang Dit grote huis is hoog Weet jij wie die mooie auto heeft? Dit is een klein meisje Making nouns out of adjectives Adjectives can be turned into nouns, by assuming their inflected form: Dat is een grote That is a big one Dat is een kleine That is a small one Die lange heeft mijn fiets gestolen That tall guy has stolen my bike Notice that Dutch does not use 'one' in such cases. There are a number of adjectives that can be turned into nouns by adding -te. They all carry de. In English the corresponding suffix is -th: wijd – wijdte (wide - width) lang – lengte (long, tall - length) groot – grootte (big - size) breed – breedte (broad - breadth) eng – engte (narrow - narrowness) zwaar – zwaarte (heavy - heaviness) heet – hitte (hot - heat) warm – warmte (warm - warmth) zwak – zwakte (weak - weakness) sterk – sterkte (strong - strength) droog – droogte (dry - drought) hoog – hoogte (high - height) menig – menigte (many - crowd) duur – duurte (expensive - dearth) gewoon – gewoonte (usual - habit) More about nouns in the next lesson. adjectives,word order Translate into Dutch: She has red hair How is she doing? She has a small black car The length is not very great How tall is she? The red houses are nice Don't you believe that? The heat is very great Do you know who that heavy man is? She has red hair Zij heeft rood haar How is she doing? Hoe gaat het met haar? She has a small black car Ze heeft een kleine zwarte auto The length is not very great De lengte is niet erg groot How tall is she? Hoe lang is ze? The red houses are nice De rode huizen zijn mooi Don't you believe that? Geloof je dat niet? The heat is very great De hitte is erg groot Do you know who that heavy man is? Weet jij wie die zware man is? Woordenlijst 2 Dutch wordaudio fileEnglish translation de brunette brunette de Engelsman Englishman het haar, de harennl-haar.ogg haar hair(s) het meisje, de meisjesnl-meisje.ogg meisje girl, girls de collega nl-collega.ogg collega colleague Mag ik...voorstellen? nl-mag ik voorstellen.ogg mag ik voorstellen? May I introduce...? Jazeker nl-jazeker.ogg jazeker yes, indeed Aangenaam kennis te maken nl-aangenaam.ogg aangenaamnl-kennismaken.ogg kennismaken Pleased to meet you Goed zo! nl-goedzo.ogg goedzo That's nice! gek zijn (op) nl-gek.ogg geknl-zijn.ogg zijn to be crazy (about) verstaan nl-verstaan.ogg verstaan to understand verstaat u? do you understand? geloven nl-geloven.ogg geloven to believe ik geloof I believe heten nl-heten.ogg heten to name, call (a name) ze heet she is calledpraten nl-praten.ogg praten to speak, to talk u praat you speakvoorstellen nl-voorstellen.ogg voorstellen to introduceleuk vinden nl-leuk.ogg leuknl-vinden.ogg vinden to like als je ... leuk vindt if you like ... Nederlands nl-Nederlands.ogg Nederlands Dutch het (neuter) nl-het.ogg het the de (m/f) nl-de.ogg de the dat (neuter) nl-dat.ogg dat that die (m/f) nl-die.ogg die that daar nl-daar.ogg daar there daarginds nl-daarginds.ogg daarginds over there daarachter nl-daarachter.ogg daarachter over there een nl-een.ogg een a, an een beetje nl-beetje.ogg beetje somewhat, a bit haar nl-haar.ogg haar her interessant nl-interessant.ogg interessant interesting leuk nl-leuk.ogg leuk cute kort, korte nl-kort.ogg kort short lang, lange nl-lang.ogg lang long langzaam nl-langzaam.ogg langzaam slow langzamer nl-langzamer.ogg langzamer slower mijn nl-mijn.ogg mijn my mij nl-mij.ogg mij me mooi nl-mooi.ogg mooi beautiful naar nl-naar.ogg naar to nieuw, nieuwe nl-nieuw.ogg nieuw new zwart, zwarte nl-zwart.ogg zwart black zij nl-zij.ogg zij she u nl-u.ogg u you als nl-als.ogg als if wie? nl-wie.ogg wie who? Quizlet The vocabulary can be practiced as Quizlet (30 terms) Exercises Additional vocabulary (12 terms) 1 Go to the Dutch/Vocabulary/Animals to learn the most important animals in the Dutch language. Once you know them all, do the self test to make sure you really do know them. Quizlet of -te words and colors 1 Use this Quizlet to further practice adjectives and their -te nouns as well as the basic colors (45 terms) Progress made If you have studied the above lesson well you should have been introduced to verbs in the present tense been introduced to one element of word order: inversion become able to ask a question become able to make a sentence negative with niet been introduced to adjectives and their inflection gained vocabulary Cumulative vocabulary count: Les 1: 116 terms, Les 1A: 89 terms. Example 1: 21 terms Total 226 terms. Les 2: 82 terms Total 82 terms Grand total 308 terms Pronunciation Guide >> Practice Lesson 2 Cultural Lesson 2 >>