Flora of New York/Ginkgoales, Pinales

Pinales Polypodiales Nymphaeales & magnoliids Nymphaeales & magnoliids Order Ginkgoales The order Ginkgoales contains a single existing species: Ginkgo biloba. Family Ginkgoaceae As the sole family of the Ginkgoales, Ginkgoaceae (the ginkgo family) contains Ginkgo biloba as the only extant species.Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba - City Park in Lučenec (1).jpg Ginkgo biloba leaves The ginkgo or maidenhair tree is widely planted worldwide, including New York state, but the dioecious tree rarely escapes cultivation, and is unlikely to reach maturity as a naturalized tree in this region. This tree has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas.Ginkgo biloba excluded. 2017 New York Flora Atlas Ginkgoales Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo Ginkgo Maidenhair tree 578 1 (excluded species) Ginkgo biloba L. 1771 Ginkgo biloba L. 1797 Salisburia adiantifolia Sm. 1824 Salisburia biloba Hoffmanns. 1826 Salisburia ginkgo (L.) Rich. nom.illeg. 1866 Pterophyllus salisburiensis J.Nelson Ginkgo Maidenhair tree Noyer du Japon Ginkgo biloba Introduced Asia Excluded X 744 GIBI2 X0 183269 17540 200005235 14100001 Ginkgo+biloba Ginkgo%20biloba Excluded nymap.svg excluded Samen des Gingko Oktober 2011.JPG Order Pinales The order Pinales contains the conifers, or cone-bearing seed plants. In New York, this includes the three families Pinaceae (pine, fir, spruce, and larch), Cupressaceae (cypress, juniper, and arborviteae), and Taxaceae (yew). Most of the Pinales are "evergreen," maintaining most of their foliage and its green color through the winter. The exception is the genus Larix (larch) in the Pinaceae. Larix trees are deciduous and lose their needle-like leaves in the winter. Most Pinales also have "needle-like" leaves, often referred to simply as needles. Though many are very flat needles, such as the yews, spruces, and firs. And most of the Cupressaceae leaves could be described as more "scale-like". Family Pinaceae The Pinaceae (pine family)...Pinaceae Subfamily Pinoideae Pinus Pinus subg. Strobus Subgenus Strobus contains the soft pines, only one of which is found in New York. Pinus subg. Strobus sect. Quinquefoliae Old Pinus strobus.jpg Pinus strobus,Five Ponds Wilderness Area The only member of the Quinquefoliae (white-pines) found outside of cultivation in New York is Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), and it has been reported from every county in the state. The members of this section normally have their needle-like leaves grouped in bundles (fascicles) of five, though some may occasionally be found in bundles of three or four. The oldest living eastern white pine on record dates to the mid-16th century, and was found in Nelson Swamp, Madison County, in 1997.William Kates (1997). "Eastern white pine outside Syracuse discovered to be oldest one on record." The Associated Press via The Daily Gazette, Saratoga, NY, 25-Apr-1997."ESF Dendrologist Honored by SUNY," SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF), Office of Communications, 11-Jun-1998 Pinales Pinaceae Pinoideae Pinus Strobus Quinquefoliae Pinus Strobus Quinquefoliae Soft, white pines 289 9 Pinus strobus L. 1753 Pinus strobus L. 1903 Strobus strobus (L.) Small 1932 Pinus strobus prostrata Fernald & Weath. 1940 Pinus strobus chiapensis Martínez 1964 Pinus chiapensis (Martínez) Andresen Eastern white pine Northern white pine Weymouth pine (UK) Soft pine Pin blanc Pin strobus Pin du Lord Weymouth Native Secure 3 FACU Perennial Tree 2087 5 Occurs in a wide variety of wet to dry habitats including mesic forests, dry rocky forests on slopes, successional fields and shrublands, lake edges, hummocks in swamps, rises in bogs, and elsewhere. Usually needing disturbances or openings to establish and therefore in many forests it is only a small component of the tree canopy. On lake edges and in areas regenerating from clearing or other disturbances it sometimes forms pure stands. PIST NN Rare in Indiana SNA Pinus/strobus 183385 28551 200005357 24900219 PIST Pinus%20strobus tree/pinstr Pinus strobus nymap.svg NAS-145g Pinus strobus.png Pinus subg. Pinus Subgenus Pinus contains the hard pines, and has two sections represented in New York. Pinus subg. Pinus sect. Trifoliae The Trifoliae contains most of the North American hard pines, four of which are native to New York. Pinales Pinaceae Pinoideae Pinus Pinus Trifoliae Pinus Trifoliae Australes Hard pines:southern yellow 289 9 Pinus rigida Mill. 1768 Pinus rigida Mill. Pitch pine Northern pitch pine Torch pine Sap pine Pin rigide Pin à feuilles rigides Native Secure 8 FACU Perennial Tree 6273 5 Common in pine barrens on deep sandy soils with a frequent fire regime. Also on dry rocky soils or thin soils over bedrock on hilltops, bluffs, crests, and steep south and west facing slopes. PIRI NN SNA 7194 pinus/rigida 28537 183376 200005353 Pinus rigida nymap.svg NAS-143g Pinus rigida.png Pinus echinata Mill. 1768 Pinus echinata Mill. Shortleaf pine Short-leaved pine Arkansas pine Southern yellow pine Native Endangered 10 Perennial Tree 2076 1 PIEC2 N0 Not found in Canada. Endangered in Illinois SNA not listed 28444 183335 200005332 Pinus echinata nymap.svg NAS-137 Pinus echinata.png Pinus Trifoliae Contortae Hard pines:scrub pines 289 9 Pinus banksiana Lamb. 1789 Pinus sylvestris divaricata Aiton 1803 Pinus banksiana Lamb. 1893 Pinus divaricata (Aiton) Sudw. Jack pine, Scrub pine Banksian pine Black pine, Gray pine Hudson Bay pine Pin gris Pin de Banks Native Rare 9 FACU Perennial Tree 2084 3 Primarily occurs in sandstone barrens in Clinton County on thin dry soils over bedrock. Otherwise restricted to northern New York as a native tree. PIBA2 NN protected in IL, IN, NH, NY, VT SNA 7181 pinus/banksiana 28420 183319 200005326 24900179 Pinus%20banksiana Pinus banksiana nymap.svg NAS-136 Pinus banksiana.png Pinus virginiana Mill. 1768 Pinus virginiana Mill. Virginia pine Scrub pine Jersey pine Pin de Virginie Native Endangered NE-5NE5 (doubtfully invasive in New York, where it is considered to be endangered) 3 Perennial Tree 2083 1 Warr (Endangered) PIVI2 NX SNA not listed 28568 183394 200005370 Pinus virginiana nymap.svg NAS-139 Pinus virginiana.png Pinus subg. Pinus sect. Pinus 2016-09-04 07 08 45 View up into the canopy of a Red Pine plantation along the Van Hoevenberg Trail about 0.3 miles south of the trailhead in North Elba, Essex County, New York.jpg Pinus resinosa plantationNorth Elba in Essex County Section Pinus contains mostly Old-World hard pines, but it also includes the commercially important red pine (Pinus resinosa), which is native to North America, including parts of New York. The three other species of this section found in New York are non-native introductions. This group has needles in bundles of two. Pinales Pinaceae Pinoideae Pinus Pinus Pinus Pinus Pinus Pinus Hard pines 289 4 Pinus resinosa Aiton 1789 Pinus resinosa Aiton Red pine Norway pineDespite the fact that one of its vernacular names is "Norway pine," Pinus resinosa is native only to North America. Pin rouge Pin résineux Native Secure 8 FACU Perennial Tree 2086 5 Oswe PIRE NN SNA 7193 pinus/resinosa 316784 183375 233500952 24900212 Pinus%20resinosa Pinus resinosa nymap.svg NAS-134g Pinus resinosa.png Pinus sylvestris L. sylvestris 1753 Pinus sylvestris L. Scots pine Scotch pine Caledonian pine Pin sylvestre Pin d'ÉcosseAlthough "pin d'Écosse" is a literal translation of "Scots pine," "pin sylvestre" is more commonly used as the French vernacular name of Pinus sylvestris. Introduced Eurasia Potentially invasive CP-5CP5 WW 3231 5285637 X 2078 X Oswe (slightly naturalizing) PISY XX 5285637 SNA 7196 pinus/sylvestris 28552 183389 200005358 Pinus sylvestris var sylvestris nymap.svg NAS-138 Pinus sylvestris.png Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold 1785 Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold 1828 Pinus pallasiana Lamb. 1910 Pinus nigra austriaca Asch. & Graebn. 1914 Pinus nigra pallasiana Holmboe Austrian pine European black pine Pin noir Pin noir d'Autriche Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Potentially invasive 5284809 2089 X Wayn (may be naturalized) PINI XX 5284809 SNA 7189 pinus/nigra 28498 183364 not listed Pinus nigra nymap.svg Шишарка од бор - с. Мажучиште (1).JPG Pinus thunbergii Parl. 1868 Pinus thunbergii Parl. 1949 Pinus thunbergiana Franco Japanese black pine Introduced Japan South Korea Moderately invasive 59%Pinus thunbergii Moderate 59 NE-4NE4 1112 20413 5285799 2088 X Nass PITH2 X0 5285799 SNA not listed pinus/thunbergii 183390 28563 24900046 263377-1 Pinus%20thunbergii Pinus thunbergii nymap.svg Pinus thunbergii kz03.jpg Subfamily Piceoideae Picea Picea rubens UGA5349098.jpg Picea rubensred spruce cones There are three spruce species that are native to New York State, but the two non-native species seem to be more well-known. Spruce trees can be easily distinguished from other conifers by their needles, which grow singly (unlike pine-needles, which grow in clusters), are square or triangular in cross-section (unlike fir and hemlock needles, which are flatter), are relatively hard with sharp points, are attached to small woody projections that remain after needles fall. Spruce cones are also papery, unlike most other conifers. However, it's usually more difficult to differentiate spruces trees from each other. Douglas fir can also be misidentified as a spruce because of their needles, which are also square in cross-section, but not as stiff. SprucePiceaLeaf length (inches)Cone length (inches)Height (feet)Width (feet)Growth formHabitatTwig colorBark colorRed P. rubens 1/2 - 5/8 1.0 - 1.560 - 8015-20pyramiduplandorange-browngray-brown, red-brownBlack P. mariana1/4 - 1/2 0.75 - 1.540 - 5015-20slenderbogbrowngray-brown, red-brownWhite P. glauca 1/3 - 3/4 1.5 - 2.5 40 - 9010 - 20conicaluplandlight brown, palegray-brownNorwayP. abies 1/2 - 1 4 - 6 > 120 conical orange-brownred-brown, later grayBlue P. pungens1/2 - 5/4 2 - 4 50 - 80 conical upland Pinales Pinaceae Pinoideae Picea Picea Spruce 993 5 Picea rubens Sarg. 1771 Pinus mariana rubra Du Roi 1831 Picea rubra Link 1879 Picea nigra rubra Engelm. 1898 Picea rubens Sarg. 1903 Picea australis Small Red spruce Épinette rouge Native Secure 6 FACU Perennial Tree 2091 5 Oswe PIRU NN 7177 picea/rubens 233500913 24900171 Picea%20rubens 2015-08-20 18 22 25 Red Spruce along Dutch Church Road (Rensselaer County Route 41) in Berlin, New York.jpg Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1768 Abies mariana Mill. 1770 Pinus abies (L.) Karst. mariana Münchh. 1785 Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold 1831 Picea nigra Link 1888 Picea mariana Britton, et al. Black spruce Bog spruce Swamp spruce Épinette noire Épinette à bière Épicéa marial Épicéa noir Native Secure 7 FACW Perennial Tree 6272 5 Onon PIMA NN 7174 picea/mariana 183302 28305 233500911 24900169 Picea%20mariana Picea mariana nymap.svg NAS-147 Picea mariana.png Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 1768 Abies canadensis Mill. 1785 Pinus glauca Moench 1831 Picea alba (Aiton) Link 1897 Picea canadensis glauca Sudw. 1907 Picea glauca Voss White spruce Cat spruce Black Hills spruce Canadian spruce Skunk spruce Épinette blanche Épinette glauque Épicéa blanc Épicéa glauque Native Likely secure 8 FACU Perennial Tree 2082 4-5 Picea glauca (Moench) Voss - white spruce - Cultivated and occasionally naturalizing as well as native in the northern parts of New York in mesic cool forests. Sometimes in wetter soils. PIGL NN 7173 picea/glauca 24900167 PIGL Picea%20glauca tree/picgla NAS-148 Picea glauca.png Picea abies (L.) Karst. 1753 Pinus abies L. 1779 Pinus excelsa Lamb. 1842 Picea excelsa (Lamb.) Link 1881 Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. Norway spruce White spruce Épinette de Norvège Épicéa élevé Épicéa commun Introduced Europe Potentially invasive CP-4CP4Alexey Zinovjev & Irina Kadis (2010) "Norway spruce: Yet another invasive tree in New England." Salicicola, Eastern Massachusetts Vascular Plants. 1102 3386 5284884 X Perennial Tree 2074 X Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. - Norway spruce - Commonly cultivated, planted in large plantations, and naturalizing. Naturalized individuals are relatively common near large plantations but occur scattered elsewhere. PIAB XX 7169 picea/abies 183289 28264 200005295 24900164 Picea%20abies Picea abies nymap.svg NAS-146g Picea abies.png Picea pungens Engelm. 1879 Picea pungens Engelm. 1883 Picea pungens glauca Regel 1897 Picea parryana Sarg. Blue spruce Colorado blue spruce Colorado spruce Silver spruce Épinette de Colorado Épinette bleue Épicéa de Colorado Introduced U.S. Rocky Mts. Probably not naturalized FAC FACU Perennial Tree 2073 X Otse (rare escape) PIPU NX 7176 picea/pungens 28323 183307 233500912 24900170 PIPU Picea%20pungens Picea pungens nymap.svg Picea Pungens Young Cones.jpg Subfamily Laricoideae Pseudotsuga Pseudotsuga menziesii 16996.JPG Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Douglas-fir Although commonly called Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga trees are not true firs. The genus name means "false hemlock," but phylogenetically, Douglas firs are more often grouped in the Pinoideae with the pines, spruces and larches than with either the firs or hemlocks, which are placed in the Abietoideae. Recent studies, in fact, place Douglas fir closer to the larches, in the subfamily Laricoideae.Lin, Ching-Ping et al. “Comparative Chloroplast Genomics Reveals the Evolution of Pinaceae Genera and Subfamilies.” Genome Biology and Evolution 2 (2010): 504–517. PMC. Web. 8 Feb. 2016. Douglas-firs are often planted in New York but seldom if ever naturalize permanently. Pinales Pinaceae Laricoideae Pseudotsuga Pseudotsuga Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco glauca (Beissn.) Franco 1884 Tsuga douglasii glauca Beissn. 1890 Pseudotsuga douglasii glauca Mayr 1897 Pseudotsuga taxifolia glauca Sudw. 1934 Pseudotsuga flahaultii Flous 1950 Pseudotsuga menziesii glauca Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir Douglas-fir Blue Douglas-fir Colorado Douglas-fir Inland Douglas-fir Douglas bleu Douglas de Menzies bleu Introduced ¿Naturalized? 2081 X Gree (rarely naturalizing) PSMEG NN 7199 pseudotsuga/menziesii 183428 30192 233500996 24900277 Pseudotsuga menziesii nymap.svg DouglasFir 7491t.jpg Pinaceae Pinoideae Pseudotsuga Larix Larix laricina (Tamarack) - foliage & cones.jpg Larix laricina (Tamarack)foliage & cones The larches (Larix spp.) are deciduous conifers. Of the three species found in New York, only the American larch or tamarack is native to the state. The European and Japanese larches occasionally naturalize near plantations and individuals that have been planted. Among the other words for tamarack is hackmatack, which means "wood used for snowshoes" in the Abenaki language."An introduction to Tamarack Trees & Traditions", NativeTech: Native American Technology and Art, 1994-2000 Pinales Pinaceae Laricoideae Larix Larix Larch 953 3 Larix Larix laricina (DuRoi) K.Koch 1771 Pinus laricina Du Roi 1803 Larix americana Michx. 1839 L. intermedia Lodd. ex J.Forbes 1873 L. laricina (Du Roi) K.Koch 1908 L. alaskensis W.Wight 1947 L. laricina alaskensis (W.Wight) Raup 2008 L. laricina alaskensis (W.Wight) Silba Tamarack American larch Eastern larch Red larch Hackmatack Alaska larch Mélèze laricin VASCAN Épinette rouge VASCAN Fausse épinette rouge VASCAN Native Secure 5 FACW Perennial Tree 2080 5 Onon LALA NN 7166 Larix/laricina 58721-Larix-laricina 21499 233500743 24900159 LALA NAS-153d Larix laricina.png Larix decidua Mill. 1753 Pinus larix L. 1768 Larix decidua Mill. 1805 Larix europaea DC. European larch NYFA 2018 Introduced Europe Naturalized Perennial Tree 2079 X Oswe (naturalized) LADE2 XX 7164 larix/decidua 59747-Larix-decidua 183410 21485 2016.09.22 15.37.54 DSC06555 - Flickr - andrey zharkikh.jpg Larix kaempferi (Lam.) Carrière 1856 Larix kaempferi (Lam.) Carrière 1858 Larix leptolepis (Siebold & Zucc.) Gordon 1858 Pseudolarix kaempferi (Lamb.) Gordon Japanese larch Introduced eastern Asia Naturalized Perennial Tree 2075 X Oswe (naturalized) LAKA2 XN Native to Canada(?) 21495 Larch Cones - geograph.org.uk - 478216.jpg Pinaceae Pinoideae Larix Subfamily Abietoideae Tsuga Tsuga canadensis foliagecones.jpg Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrièrefoliage and cones Tsuga contains the hemlocks, of which, the only New York native is the eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. Hemlocks in eastern North America are threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Pinales Pinaceae Abietoideae Tsuga Tsuga Hemlock 521 1 Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière 1763 Pinus canadensis L. 1842 Picea canadensis Link 1855 Tsuga canadensis Carrière 1862 Abies canadensis L. gracilis Eastern hemlock Canadian hemlock Canada hemlock Pruche du Canada Pruche de l'Est Tsuga du Canada Native Secure 2085 5 Onon TSCA NN 7202 Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carrière tsuga/canadensis 183397 Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière 40698 Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière 233501320 Tsuga canadensis 24900236 Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière Tsuga canadensis 6zz.jpg Abies Abies balsamea pollen cones1.jpg Abies balsameabalsam fir The genus Abies contains the "true" firs. It does not include the Douglas-firs of the genus Pseudotsuga, which is in the Laricoideae with larches, not here in the Abietoideae with hemlocks. Pinales Pinaceae Abietoideae Abies Abies Fir 959 2 Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. 1753 Pinus balsamea L. 1768 Abies balsamea Mill. 1770 Pinus abies L balsamea Münchh. 1810 Peuce balsamea Rich. Balsam fir Canada balsam Sapin baumier Sapin Native Secure 6 FAC Perennial Tree 2090 5 Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. - balsam fir - Cool northern forests, swamps, and rich fens. A northern tree most common in high elevation sites where it can becomes a dominant tree. At the upper edges of the sub-alpine it forms krummholz. In lower elevation sites it is mostly restricted to poor or thin soils, or wetlands. Fens and rich swamps in central and western New York that have disjunct small patches of A. balsamea are known locally as fir-tree swamps. ABBA NN 7159 abies/balsamea 635 24900050 Abies balsamea cones.jpg Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. 1833 Abies grandis (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl. Grand fir Lowland white fir Introduced western N.A. No specimens 7241 X0 ABGR NN 664 nymap.svg Abies grandis 5356.JPG Abies Fir 959 X (excluded species) Abies magnifica A.Murray bis 1863 Abies magnifica A.Murray bis 1875 Picea magnifica Gordon 1876 Pseudotsuga magnifica W.R.McNab 1876 Pinus magnifica W.R.McNab California red fir Shasta red fir Red fir Introduced western US Excluded X 771 EXCLUDED ABMA N0 181834 680 233500010 24900142 Abies magnifica nymap.svg Abies magnifica 8016t.jpg Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. 1813 Pinus fraseri Pursh 1817 Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser fir Introduced western VA & NC Excluded X 772 EXCLUDED ABFR N0 nymap.svg FraserFirFoliage.jpg Abies homolepis Siebold & Zucc. 1842 Abies homolepis Siebold & Zucc. Nikko fir Introduced Asia Excluded X 151 EXCLUDED ABHO X0 nymap.svg Abies homolepis.JPG Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. 1858 Picea concolor Gordon & Glend. 1861 Abies concolor Lindl. ex Hildebr. White fir Colorado white fir Silver fir Colorado fir Rocky Mountain white fir Introduced western US No specimens 0 0 Not listed ABCO N0 abies/concolor 181826 649 233500005 Abies concolor nymap.svg Abies concolor cones.jpg Family Cupressaceae The Cupressaceae (cypress family)...Cupressaceae Subfamily Taxodioideae The Taxodioideae contains the three genera: Cryptomeria (1 Japanese species), Glyptostrobus (1 Asian species), and Taxodium (1-3 North American species). Taxodium Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), Saw Mill Pond, Caddo Lake State Park, Harrison County, Texas, USA (April 2017).jpg Taxodium distichum in Texas There are about three Taxodium taxa, all of which are native to southeastern North America. Of these, Taxodium distichum var. distichum has been reported in New York, mainly along the Hudson River and on Long Island. Whether it has truly naturalized in the state in uncertain. Pinales Cupressaceae Taxodioideae Taxodium Taxodium Cypress Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. distichum 1753 Cupressus disticha L. 1789 Cupressus disticha nutans Aiton 1810 Taxodium distichum Rich. 1827 Taxodium distichum nutans Sweet 1927 Taxodium ascendens nutans Rehder Baldcypress Bald cypress Swamp cypress Introduced southern US N. America native OBL Perennial Tree 3028 X Scho TADI2 N0 Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. 530934 400135 210002196 31300032 TADI2 Taxodium+distichum Taxodium%20distichum Taxodium distichum var distichum nymap.svg 8 counties 14 counties Taxodium distichum cones J1.JPG Cupressaceae Taxodioideae Subfamily Cupressoideae Most of the Cupressoideae in New York go by the common names "cedar" or "juniper." But there is some resistance to calling any of them "cedar," as this could be seen to imply that they are of the Eurasian genus Cedrus, which does not have any naturalized populations in New York, and is normally included in the Pinaceae, not Cupressoideae. Instead, many prefer the common names "arborvitae" or "whitecedar" for Thuja occidentalis, and "red juniper" or "redcedar" for Juniperus virginiana. Thuja Thuja occidentalis Acadia 0463.jpg Thuja occidentalisnorthern whitecedar, arborvitae Thuja (pronounced either thoo-juh or thoo-yuh) is Greek for juniper and other trees with aromatic wood. There are two North American Thuja species: T. occidentalis (eastern arborvitae or northern whitecedar) and T. plicata (western redcedar). There are also three asian Thuja species. Of the five Thuja species, only T. occidentalis is known to occur in New York. Pinales Cupressaceae Cupressoideae Thuja Thuja Arborvitae 233 1 Thuja occidentalis L. 1753 Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern arborvitae Eastern white cedar Northern whitecedar Swamp cedar Thuya occidental Cèdre Balai Cèdre blanc Native Secure 6 FACW UPL Perennial Tree 924 5 Calcareous cliffs and ledges, rocky summits, alvars, fens, and rich swamps. Grows in both xeric and wet, often cool sites. Mostly confined to calcareous soils and bedrock. In northern and cooler parts of New York it become less of a calciphile. In swamps it can from dense impenetrable stands. THOC2 NN 4711 thuja/occidentalis 505490 36584 200005456 9400130 776 Northern White Cedar cones (2974756284).jpg Juniperus Juniperus virginiana cone (St Joseph Twp) 1.jpg Juniperus virginiana Pinales Cupressaceae Cupressoideae Juniperus Juniperus Juniper 466 4 Juniperus virginiana L. virginiana 1753 Juniperus virginiana L. 1857 Sabina virginiana virginiana Eastern red cedar Eastern redcedar Pencil cedar Virginia cedar Eastern juniper Red juniper Genévrier de Virginie Genévrier rouge Cèdre rouge Native Secure 3 FAC UPL Perennial Tree 926 5 Rocky summits, bluffs above ravines & lakes, ledges, alvars, successional fields, pastures, maritime & coastal sandy areas. Grows best in open sites with thin rocky or sandy dry soils. Dies back if other trees shade it out. Associated with calcareous bedrock or soils in parts of NY. Somewhat of a calciphile in general. JUVIV NN Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana - Eastern redcedar 4709 juniperus/virginiana 233500741 9400054 JUVIV Juniperus virginiana var virginiana NY-dist-map.png 2016-03-10 16 00 18 Eastern Red Cedar along the North Loop Trail within Ellanor C. Lawrence Park in Fairfax County, Virginia.jpg Juniperus communis L. depressa Pursh 1787 Juniperus canadensis Lodd. ex Burgsd. 1814 Juniperus communis L. depressa Pursh 1818 Juniperus depressa Raf. 1838 Juniperus communis L. canadensis Loudon 1962 Juniperus communis L. depressa Franco American common juniper Dwarf juniper Prostrate juniper Ground juniper Genévrier commun déprimé Genévrier nain Genévrier du Canada Native Likely secure 4 FACU Perennial Tree, shrub Sun 922 4 Onon-Cayu-Cort-Tomp-Onei+30 JUCOD N Onon-Cayu-Cort-Tomp-Onei+30 4701 juniperus/communis 20822 233500725 9400333 JUCOD Juniperus communis var depressa NY-dist-map.png Juniperus communis var depressa SCA-02944 (3x4).jpg Juniperus communis L. communis 1753 Juniperus communis L. 1768 Juniperus suecica Mill. 1822 Juniperus hemisphaerica C.Presl 1881 Juniperus communis L. hemisphaerica Nyman 1887 Juniperus communis L. suecica Beissn. Eurasian common juniper Common juniper Genévrier commun Introduced Eurasia Unknown naturalization FACU Perennial Tree 927 X (none) JUCOC3 0 (none) juniperus/communis Juniperus+communis+var.+communis Juniperus%20communis Juniperus communis var communis nymap.svg Tompkins (1946) ? counties Juniperus communis in Causse Comtal.jpg Juniperus horizontalis Moench 1794 Juniperus horizontalis Moench 1807 Juniperus prostrata Pers. 1814 Juniperus sabina procumbens Pursh 1838 Juniperus sabina humilis Hook. 1843 Juniperus virginiana prostrata Torr. 1857 Sabina prostrata Antoine 1912 Sabina horizontalis Rydb. Creeping juniper Trailing juniper Prostrate juniper Horizontal juniper Creeping savin Genévrier horizontal Genévrier rampant Savinier Native Endangered 19420 Juniperus horizontalis Endangered S1 G5 10 FACU Perennial Shrub, subshrub 6274 1 Onon-Madi-Onei-Chen-Gene-Clint (only) JUHO2 N Onon-Madi-Onei-Chen-Monr-Chem-Livi-Gene (only) 4705 juniperus/horizontalis 20836 233500732 JUHO2 Juniperus horizontalis nymap.svg Chenango, Clinton, Genesee, Madison, Oneida, Onondaga Juniperus horizontalis 2.jpg Juniperus Juniper 466 (excluded taxa) Juniperus sabina L. 1753 Juniperus sabina L. Savin Sabine Introduced Eurasia Cultivated Perennial Tree-shrub 0 X (none) JUSA5 XX 20859 Juniperus%20sabina Excluded nymap.svg Juniperus sabina 02.JPG Chamaecyparis Chamaecyparis thyoides (Atlantic White Cedar) (31257220486).jpg Chamaecyparis thyoides(Atlantic white cedar) Chamaecyparis thyoides (Atlantic white cedar) is restricted primarily to acidic coastal swamps, where it can form dense stands. Pinales Cupressaceae Cupressoideae Chamaecyparis Chamaecyparis False cypress 761 2 Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1753 Cupressus thyoides L. 1888 Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1962 Chamaecyparis henryae H.L.Li 1966 Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. henryae Little Atlantic white cedar Southern white cedar Atlantic white cypress Native Threatened 10 OBL Perennial Tree Part shade S2, G4 2New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Chamaecyparis thyoides. 925 2 Wash-Oran-Putn-Rock-West+5 CHTH2 N Oran-Putn-Rock-Newy-Quee+3 0 chamaecyparis/thyoides 18046 10102 210000241 9400245 CHTH2 Chamaecyparis+thyoides Chamaecyparis%20thyoides Chamaecyparis thyoides nymap.svg Nassau, New York, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Suffolk, Westchester NAS-152a Chamaecyparis thyoides.png Chamaecyparis pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. 1844 Retinispora squarrosa Zucc. 1847 Chamaecyparis pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. 1867 Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. plumosa Carriere Sawara false cypress NYFA: 2017 Sawara-cypress USDA-NRCS: 2017 Introduced Japan Not naturalized 7306 Xm Not Native, Not Naturalized CHPI12 W0 Only shown in NJ 10096 nymap.svg Orange Chamaecyparis pisifera.jpg Chamaecyparis False cypress 761 X (excluded taxa) Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. 1844 Retinospora obtusa Siebold & Zucc. 1847 Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. 1871 Cupressus obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) F. Muell. Hinoki false cypress Introduced Taiwan & Japan Excluded X 723 EXCLUDED CHOB8 X (none) 0 0 10080 200005410 Excluded nymap.svg excluded Chamaecyparis obtusa 01.jpg Family Taxaceae The Taxaceae (yew family)...Taxaceae Taxus Canadian Yew (Taxus canadensis), Chequamegon-Nicolet NF, Wisconsin (1).jpg Taxus canadensis The American yew (Taxus canadensis) is the only Taxus species native to New York. The Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) and the English yew (Taxus baccata) are widely cultivated in New York and occasionally escape. The Japanese yew has been found to naturalize and has become common in the forests of some New York counties. Its invasive tendencies deserve monitoring. Pinales Taxaceae Taxus Taxus Yew 10 3 Taxus canadensis Marshall 1785 Taxus canadensis Marshall 1803 Taxus baccata minor Michx. 1856 Taxus baccata canadensis A.Gray 1894 Taxus minor Britton 1903 Taxus baccata canadensis Pilg. 2007 Taxus canadensis minor Spjut American yew Canada yew Ground hemlock Shinwood Buis de sapin L'if du Canada Sapin trainard Native Secure 9 FAC FACU Perennial Shrub 3026 5 Onon-Cayu-Cort-Tomp-Oswe+M TACA7 NN Onon-Cayu-Cort-Tomp-Oswe+M WBA 9401 taxus/canadensis 101847 233501254 31200007 TACA7 Taxus%20canadensis Taxus canadensis nymap.svg Taxus canadensis 6-eheep (5097483521).jpg Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. 1846 Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. 1867 Taxus baccata cuspidata 1903 Taxus baccata cuspidata auct Taxus baccata non L. Japanese yew Rigid branched yew Introduced eastern Asia Potentially invasive CP-5CP5 NE-4,NE4 WW 3027 X Broo-Alba-Oran-Rock (common escape) TACU X0 KY, OH, PA, DE, NY, CT, MA only 0 taxus/cuspidata 80073 Taxus%20cuspidata Taxus cuspidata nymap.svg Taxus cuspidata fruits (4x5).JPG Taxus baccata L. 1753 Taxus baccata L. 1829 Taxus fastigiata Lindl. English yew European yew Common yew L'if commun Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Rare escape 3025 X Nass-Suff (rare escape) TABA80 X0 DC,MA,PA,WA, NY:Oran-Nass-Suff 0 taxus/baccata 194883 80070 Taxus%20baccata Taxus baccata nymap.svg Jugapuu.jpg Taxus × media Taxus × media Rehder Taxus baccata Taxus cuspidata 1923 Taxus × media Rehder Anglo-Japanese yew Anglojap yew English yew Japanese yew Introduced No specimens IO TAME2 00 565625 314459 Taxus × media nymap.svg Podlaskie - Suprasl - Kopna Gora - Arboretum - Taxus × media 'nidiformis' - branch.JPG Taxus × hunnewelliana Taxus × hunnewelliana Rehder Taxus canadensis Taxus cuspidata 1925 Taxus × hunnewelliana Rehder Hunnewell yew American yew Japanese yew Introduced No specimens Cultivated 406777 Taxus × media nymap.svg Taxus species differentiation {|class=wikitable width="1024px" style="font-size:12px; line-height:15px" !width="25%"|Character !width="25%" style="background-color:#Native Secure;;"|Taxus canadensisAmerican yew !width="25%" style="background-color:#Introduced Potentially invasive;;"|Taxus cuspidataJapanese yew !width="25%" style="background-color:#Introduced Rare escape;;"|Taxus baccataEnglish yew |- | Habit | low, straggling, diffusely branched,spreading to prostrate | upright | upright |- | Mature height (m) | 2 | up to 16 | 10 - 20(-40) |- | Mature dbh (m) | | | 4 |- | Winter bud scales | sharply pointed to cuspidate,keeled or folded | sharply pointed to cuspidate,keeled or folded | blunt at the apex,slightly keeled |- | Leaf blade taper to apex | abrupt | abrupt | gradual |- | Leaf blade width (mm) | 1 – 2.4 | 2 - 3 | 2 - 3 |- | Leaf blade length (mm) | 10 - 25 | 15 - 25 | 10 - 40 |- | Leaf upper (dorsal) surface | dark green to yellow-green | dark green,prominent midrib when dry | dark green |- | Leaf lower (ventral) surface | pale green, mostly without cuticular papillae along stomatal bands | 2 wide tawny stomatal bands | dark green |- | Number of cells from margin to stomata band | (8-) 16 - 18 (-22) | 11 - 13 | 4 - 7 |- | Stomata rows per band | (4-) 5 - 7 (-11) | 7 - 15 (-19) | 8 – 10 |- | Petiole | gradually curved or abrupt bend nearthe junction of the branch,not clasping the branchlet | abrupt bend near the junction of the blade, clasping the branchlet | |- | Seed shape near apex | round or somewhat compressed | 4- or 5-angled |- | Bark | reddish, very thin | | brown, thin, scaly |- | Cone (aril). All red when ripe | align=center | 240px | align=center | 240px | align=center | 240px Christopher J. Earle (2015) The Gymnosperm Database Taxus: Go Botany (2.2), New England Wild Flower Society, 2015 Dennis Collins, Robert R. Mill & Michael Möller (2002). "Species separation of Taxus baccata, T. canadensis, and T. cuspidata (Taxaceae) and origins of their reputed hybrids inferred from RAPD and cpDNA data." Am. J. Bot. February 2003 vol. 90 no. 2 175-182. Richard W. Spjut (2010). "Overview of the Genus Taxus (Taxaceae): The Species, Their Classification, and Female Reproductive Morphology." The World Botanical Associates, Inc.